scholarly journals Promising Catalytic Systems for CO2 Hydrogenation into CH4: A Review of Recent Studies

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1646
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Bacariza ◽  
Daniela Spataru ◽  
Leila Karam ◽  
José M. Lopes ◽  
Carlos Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Production ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Solid Supports ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Methanation ◽  
Power To Gas ◽  
Synthesized Materials

The increasing utilization of renewable sources for electricity production turns CO2 methanation into a key process in the future energy context, as this reaction allows storing the temporary renewable electricity surplus in the natural gas network (Power-to-Gas). This kind of chemical reaction requires the use of a catalyst and thus it has gained the attention of many researchers thriving to achieve active, selective and stable materials in a remarkable number of studies. The existing papers published in literature in the past few years about CO2 methanation tackled the catalysts composition and their related performances and mechanisms, which served as a basis for researchers to further extend their in-depth investigations in the reported systems. In summary, the focus was mainly in the enhancement of the synthesized materials that involved the active metal phase (i.e., boosting its dispersion), the different types of solid supports, and the frequent addition of a second metal oxide (usually behaving as a promoter). The current manuscript aims in recapping a huge number of trials and is divided based on the support nature: SiO2, Al2O3, CeO2, ZrO2, MgO, hydrotalcites, carbons and zeolites, and proposes the main properties to be kept for obtaining highly efficient carbon dioxide methanation catalysts.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Multi-Point Injection of Green Hydrogen from Curtailed Renewable Power into a Gas Network

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ekhtiari ◽  
Damian Flynn ◽  
Eoin Syron
Keyword(s):  
Green Energy ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Network Location ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
The Impact

Renewable electricity can be converted into hydrogen via electrolysis also known as power-to-H2 (P2H), which, when injected in the gas network pipelines provides a potential solution for the storage and transport of this green energy. Because of the variable renewable electricity production, the electricity end-user’s demand for “power when required”, distribution, and transmission power grid constrains the availability of renewable energy for P2H can be difficult to predict. The evaluation of any potential P2H investment while taking into account this consideration, should also examine the effects of incorporating the produced green hydrogen in the gas network. Parameters, including pipeline pressure drop, flowrate, velocity, and, most importantly, composition and calorific content, are crucial for gas network management. A simplified representation of the Irish gas transmission network is created and used as a case study to investigate the impact on gas network operation, of hydrogen generated from curtailed wind power. The variability in wind speed and gas network demands that occur over a 24 h period and with network location are all incorporated into a case study to determine how the inclusion of green hydrogen will affect gas network parameters. This work demonstrates that when using only curtailed renewable electricity during a period with excess renewable power generation, despite using multiple injection points, significant variation in gas quality can occur in the gas network. Hydrogen concentrations of up to 15.8% occur, which exceed the recommended permitted limits for the blending of hydrogen in a natural gas network. These results highlight the importance of modelling both the gas and electricity systems when investigating any potential P2H installation. It is concluded that, for gas networks that decarbonise through the inclusion of blended hydrogen, active management of gas quality is required for all but the smallest of installations.

Power-to-gas: CO2 methanation in a catalytic fluidized bed reactor at demonstration scale, experimental results and simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 101610
Author(s):  
Maxime Hervy ◽  
Jonathan Maistrello ◽  
Larissa Brito ◽  
Mathilde Rizand ◽  
Etienne Basset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
Power To Gas

scholarly journals High Performance Reduction/Oxidation Metal Oxides for Thermochemical Energy Storage (PROMOTES)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Miller ◽  
Andrea Ambrosini ◽  
Sean M. Babiniec ◽  
Eric N. Coker ◽  
Clifford K. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors ◽  
Electronic Conductors

Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) offers the potential for greatly increased storage density relative to sensible-only energy storage. Moreover, heat may be stored indefinitely in the form of chemical bonds via TCES, accessed upon demand, and converted to heat at temperatures significantly higher than current solar thermal electricity production technology and is therefore well-suited to more efficient high-temperature power cycles. The PROMOTES effort seeks to advance both materials and systems for TCES through the development and demonstration of an innovative storage approach for solarized Air-Brayton power cycles and that is based on newly-developed redox-active metal oxides that are mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIEC). In this paper we summarize the system concept and review our work to date towards developing materials and individual components.

scholarly journals Insights from Past Trends in Exergy Efficiency and Carbon Intensity of Electricity: Portugal, 1900–2014

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Laura Felício ◽  
Sofia T. Henriques ◽  
André Serrenho ◽  
Tiago Domingos ◽  
Tânia Sousa
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
World War ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Low Efficiency

We use the societal exergy analysis to identify periods and factors controlling efficiency dilution and carbon deepening of electricity in Portugal from 1900 to 2014. Besides estimating the carbon intensity of electricity production, we propose a new indicator, the carbon intensity of electricity use, which quantifies CO2/kWh of electricity derived useful exergy. Results show final to useful efficiency dilution until World War I (50% to 30%) due to a decrease in share of the high-efficiency transport sector and from mid-1940s to 1960 and mid-1990s onwards (58% to 47% and 47% to 40%) due to an increase in share of the low efficiency commercial and residential sector. Decarbonization from 1900 to mid-1960s, with carbon intensities of electricity production and use dropping respectively from 12.8 to 0.2 and from 33.6 to 0.4 kg CO2/kWh due to an increase in thermoelectricity efficiencies and an increase in share of hydro. Then, a period of carbon deepening until 1990 with carbon intensities tripling due to a shift in shares from hydro to thermoelectricity and more recently a period of decarbonization with carbon intensities decreasing to 0.35 and 0.9 kg CO2/kWh, due to the increase in renewable electricity despite a dilution in final to useful efficiency.

Modeling Energy Portfolio Scoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Diaz ◽  
Joshua G. Behr ◽  
Rafael Landaeta ◽  
Francesco Longo ◽  
Letizia Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Hampton Roads ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
The Impact

U.S. regions are expected to follow the national trend towards investment in renewable energy as part of their electricity portfolio. The progress of energy portfolios that typically involves traditional methods, such as centralized nuclear and coal-fired generation, and towards cleaner- and renewable-source generation will impact economic growth and public health. Renewable electricity production must strike a balance among cost, reliability, and compatibility. The economic and health benefits obtained from developing an efficient energy portfolio make renewable energy alternatives an important consideration for regions endowed with natural resources. A portfolio mix of production method that considers the economic benefits while limiting adverse health and environmental impacts is attractive. This research proposes a System Dynamics simulation framework to support policy-making efforts in assessing the impact of energy portfolios. The authors demonstrate the utility of the framework by means of analyzing data that pertain to the U.S. Hampton Roads - Peninsula Region.

High-temperature CO2 methanation over structured Ni/GDC catalysts: Performance and scale-up for Power-to-Gas application

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 106365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vita ◽  
Cristina Italiano ◽  
Lidia Pino ◽  
Massimo Laganà ◽  
Marco Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
Power To Gas

scholarly journals Biological CO2-Methanation: An Approach to Standardization

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Thema ◽  
Tobias Weidlich ◽  
Manuel Hörl ◽  
Annett Bellack ◽  
Friedemann Mörs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Sustainable Energy System ◽  
Power To Gas

Power-to-Methane as one part of Power-to-Gas has been recognized globally as one of the key elements for the transition towards a sustainable energy system. While plants that produce methane catalytically have been in operation for a long time, biological methanation has just reached industrial pilot scale and near-term commercial application. The growing importance of the biological method is reflected by an increasing number of scientific articles describing novel approaches to improve this technology. However, these studies are difficult to compare because they lack a coherent nomenclature. In this article, we present a comprehensive set of parameters allowing the characterization and comparison of various biological methanation processes. To identify relevant parameters needed for a proper description of this technology, we summarized existing literature and defined system boundaries for Power-to-Methane process steps. On this basis, we derive system parameters providing information on the methanation system, its performance, the biology and cost aspects. As a result, three different standards are provided as a blueprint matrix for use in academia and industry applicable to both, biological and catalytic methanation. Hence, this review attempts to set the standards for a comprehensive description of biological and chemical methanation processes.

Renewable Electricity Production Effect on the Energy Balance of Latvia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shipkovs ◽  
Galina Kashkarova ◽  
Kristina Lebedeva ◽  
Janis Shipkovs ◽  
Lana Migla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Production Effect
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