scholarly journals The Effects of Hot Water and Ultrasonication Pretreatment of Microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata) on Biogas Production in Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Cow Manure

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Usman Hanif ◽  
Ali Bahadar ◽  
Hamid Iqbal ◽  
Sergio C. Capareda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Biogenic Methane ◽  
Promising Solution

Anaerobic co-digestion provides a promising solution for converting inexpensive carbon from wastes to biogenic methane. We used microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata) with cow manure and sludge to produce a better quantity and quality of biogas. To further improve the gas production, microalgae were pretreated with ultrasonication, hot water, and a combination of both. Interestingly, the results showed that the pretreatment of microalgae decreased biogas production by 5 to 30%. The no-pretreatment runs produced a maximum of 118 L of biogas. The relative content of biogenic methane was higher in the pretreated feedstock (48 to 52%) in comparison with the no-pretreatment runs (44%). The conversion of volatile suspended solids present in the feedstock to total biogenic methane production was highest in hot-water-treated runs. The carbon content in the gas produced by the pretreated microalgae peaked (38%) in the middle of the experiment (i.e., at 45 days), whereas for no-pretreatment runs, the content remained constant from the start to the middle and declined (from 36 to 34%) at the end of the experiment (i.e., at 90 days). We also report the chemical structure of microalgae with and without pretreatments.

scholarly journals The Effects of Using Pretreated Cotton Gin Trash on the Production of Biogas from Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Cow Manure and Sludge

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hanif ◽  
Mohammed Zwawi ◽  
Mohammed Algarni ◽  
Ali Bahadar ◽  
Hamid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Biogenic Methane ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Cotton Gin

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) has been practiced for decades to convert waste into value-added energy products, especially biogas. This study aimed to assess the potential of biogenic methane (CH4) production from the co-digestion of pretreated cotton gin trash (CGT), cow manure, and sludge. CGT contains high cellulosic content, making it a reliable feedstock for biogenic methane production. To further improve the biogas quantity and quality, the CGT was subjected to physical pretreatments, i.e., hot water (HW), ultra-sonication (US), and a combination of both (HW+US). After 91 days of AcoD, 79–110 L of biogas was produced by the treatments. Among the treatments, HW+US-pretreated CGT presented maximum biogas production capacity, at 110 L. Besides, this treatment showed the high-quality biogenic CH4 content, 52.4% of the total biogas volume, with an improved conversion rate of 0.37 L/g of volatile suspended solids consumed. In addition, this study discussed the structural changes in feedstock due to pretreatments and correlated them with the corresponding biogenic methane production. The study reports the potential of pretreated CGT conversion to CH4. It will impact the circular economy by contributing to on-farm energy requirements and reducing the financial expenditures incurred in this regard.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixing Regimes on Cow Manure Digestion in Impeller Mixed, Unmixed and Chinese Dome Digesters

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2540
Author(s):  
Abiodun O. Jegede ◽  
Grietje Zeeman ◽  
Harry Bruning
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Mixing Regime

This study examines the effect of mixing on the performance of anaerobic digestion of cow manure in Chinese dome digesters (CDDs) at ambient temperatures (27–32 °C) in comparison with impeller mixed digesters (STRs) and unmixed digesters (UMDs) at the laboratory scale. The CDD is a type of household digester used in rural and pre-urban areas of developing countries for cooking. They are mixed by hydraulic variation during gas production and gas use. Six digesters (two of each type) were operated at two different influent total solids (TS) concentration, at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days for 319 days. The STRs were mixed at 55 rpm, 10 min/hour; the unmixed digesters were not mixed, and the Chinese dome digesters were mixed once a day releasing the stored biogas under pressure. The reactors exhibited different specific biogas production and treatment efficiencies at steady state conditions. The STR 1 exhibited the highest methane (CH4) production and treatment efficiency (volatile solid (VS) reduction), followed by STR 2. The CDDs performed better (10% more methane) than the UMDs, but less (approx. 8%) compared to STRs. The mixing regime via hydraulic variation in the CDD was limited despite a higher volumetric biogas rate and therefore requires optimization.

The effect of different mesophilic temperatures during anaerobic digestion of sludge on the overall performance of a WWTP in Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3213-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moestedt ◽  
J. Rönnberg ◽  
E. Nordell
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract This project was initiated to evaluate the effect of alternative process temperatures to 38 °C at the anaerobic digestion step in a Swedish wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) treating mixed sludge. The efficiency of the different temperatures was evaluated with respect to biogas production, volume of sludge produced and nutrient content in the reject water to find the optimum temperature for the WWTP as a whole. Three temperatures, 34 °C, 38 °C and 42 °C, were compared in laboratory scale. Increasing the process temperature to 42 °C resulted in process instability, reduced methane yield, accumulation of volatile fatty acids and higher treatment costs of the reject water. By decreasing the temperature to 34 °C, slightly higher sludge mass was observed and a lower gas production rate, while the specific methane produced remained unchanged compared to 38 °C but foaming was observed at several occasions. In summary 38 °C was proved to be the most favourable temperature for the anaerobic digestion process treating mixed sludge when the evaluation included effects such as foaming, sludge mass and quality of the reject water.

scholarly journals An evaluation of lysozyme enzyme and thermal pretreatments on dairy sludge digestion and gas production

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1062
Author(s):  
Shakiba Jafari ◽  
Moslem Salehiziri ◽  
Elham Foroozesh ◽  
Mohammad J. Bardi ◽  
Hasan A. Rad
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Dairy Sludge

Abstract Anaerobic digestion is one of the common methods of managing and stabilizing sludge. However, due to the limitations of the biological sludge hydrolysis stage, anaerobic decomposition is slow and requires a long time. This study evaluated the effects of thermal (80 °C) (TH-PRE) and a combination of thermal with the lysozyme enzyme (LTH-PRE) pretreatments on the enhancement of anaerobic activated sludge digestion. Response surface methodology was implemented to optimize enzyme pretreatment conditions (enzyme and mixed liquid suspended solids concentration). The results showed that both pretreatment methods increase soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) and reduces total and volatile suspended solids (VSS), and phosphate concentration. The COD removal rate in LTH-PRE and TH-PRE was 95% and 81%, respectively. The value of VSS reduction in LTH-PRE and TH-PRE was 41% and 31%, more than the control operation, respectively. The biogas production in LTH-PRE and in TH-PRE also increased by 124% and 96%, respectively.

scholarly journals Clarification Processes of Orange Prickly Pear Juice (Opuntia spp.) by Microfiltration

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Arboleda Mejia ◽  
Jorge Yáñez-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Color Properties ◽  
Pear Juice ◽  
Opuntia Spp

In this study, fresh orange prickly pear juice (Opuntia spp.) was clarified by a cross-flow microfiltration (MF) process on a laboratory scale. The viability of the process—in terms of productivity (permeate flux of 77.80 L/h) and the rejection of selected membranes towards specific compounds—was analyzed. The quality of the clarified juice was also analyzed for total antioxidants (TEAC), betalains content (mg/100 g wet base), turbidity (NTU) and colorimetry parameters (L, a*, b*, Croma and H). The MF process permitted an excellent level of clarification, reducing the suspended solids and turbidity of the fresh juice. In the clarified juice, a decrease in total antioxidants (2.03 TEAC) and betalains content (4.54 mg/100 g wet basis) was observed as compared to the fresh juice. Furthermore, there were significant changes in color properties due to the effects of the L, a*, b*, C and h° values after removal of turbidity of the juice. The turbidity also decreased (from 164.33 to 0.37 NTU).

scholarly journals Quality of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) influenced by microwave and hot water pasteurization

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 107936
Author(s):  
Zhi Qu ◽  
Zhongwei Tang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Shyam S. Sablani ◽  
Carolyn F. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Green Beans

scholarly journals Current Trends in Polymer Based Sensors

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Giancarla Alberti ◽  
Camilla Zanoni ◽  
Vittorio Losi ◽  
Lisa Rita Magnaghi ◽  
Raffaela Biesuz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
New Devices

This review illustrates various types of polymer and nanocomposite polymeric based sensors used in a wide variety of devices. Moreover, it provides an overview of the trends and challenges in sensor research. As fundamental components of new devices, polymers play an important role in sensing applications. Indeed, polymers offer many advantages for sensor technologies: their manufacturing methods are pretty simple, they are relatively low-cost materials, and they can be functionalized and placed on different substrates. Polymers can participate in sensing mechanisms or act as supports for the sensing units. Another good quality of polymer-based materials is that their chemical structure can be modified to enhance their reactivity, biocompatibility, resistance to degradation, and flexibility.

SS - Gas Hydrate: Gas production from methane hydrate sediment layer by thermal stimulation with hot water injection

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuro Sasaki ◽  
Shinzi Ono ◽  
Yuichi Sugai ◽  
Norio Tenma ◽  
Takao Ebinuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Sediment Layer

Humin based by-products from biomass processing as a potential carbonaceous source for synthesis gas production

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 959-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. C. Hoang ◽  
E. R. H. van Eck ◽  
W. P. Bula ◽  
J. G. E. Gardeniers ◽  
L. Lefferts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Biomass Processing ◽  
By Products

Valorisation of humin by-products: the chemical structure of humin and the evolution as well as reactivity of humin in dry reforming.

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