scholarly journals CFD Modeling of Spatial Inhomogeneities in a Vegetable Oil Carbonation Reactor

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Attila Egedy ◽  
Alex Kummer ◽  
Sébastien Leveneur ◽  
Tamás Varga ◽  
Tibor Chován
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Dependent Mass ◽  
Spatial Inhomogeneities

Fossil materials are widely used raw materials in polymerization processes; hence, in many cases, the primary goal of green and sustainable technologies is to replace them with renewables. An exciting and promising technology from this aspect is the isocyanate-free polyurethane production using vegetable oil as a raw material. Functional compounds can be formed by the epoxidation of vegetable oils in three reaction steps: epoxidation, carbonation, and aminolysis. In the case of vegetable oil carbonation, the material properties vary strongly, with the composition affecting the solubility of CO2 in the reaction mixture. Many attempts have been made to model these interactions, but they generally do not account for the changes in the material properties in terms of spatial coordinates. A 2D CFD model based on the combination of the k-ε turbulence model and component mass balances considering the spatial inhomogeneities on the performance of the reactor was created. After the evaluation of the mesh independence study, the simulator was used to calculate the carbonation reaction in a transient analysis with spatial coordinate-dependent density and viscosity changes. The model parameters (height-dependent mass transfer parameters and boundary flux parameters) were identified based on one physical experiment, and a set of 15 experiments were used for model validation. With the validated model, the optimal operating temperature, pressure, and catalyst concentration was proposed.

scholarly journals Prediction of products yield at the thermal cracking of vegetable oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Doinita Roxana Cioroiu ◽  
Claudia Irina Koncsag
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Steam Cracking ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
The University

Abstract According to previous studies on the pyrolysis of vegetable oils, it resulted that the thermal cracking process is prone to produce large yields of ethylene, propylene, hydrogen and methane, comparable with the gas proceeding from the steam cracking of naphtha, but at much lower process temperature, this ensuring important energy savings. The studies are performed on very different raw materials and different reaction conditions, that being why at this moment it is very difficult to predict the products yield. This paper uses an analytical semiempirical model (ASEM) developed at the University of Florida, by applying it to a different raw material. The ASEM model fits very well to our experimental data, obtained at higher temperature but some parameters have to be adjusted. In the end we confirm a set of systemic parameters to be used for the prediction of main products yield proceeding from vegetable oil in an extended range of temperatures.

scholarly journals Offset printing results analysis of different based inks in cardboard packaging production

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Osman Şimşeker
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Surface Gloss

Abstract The main raw material of paper and cardboard used in packaging is cellulose. Cardboard packages made of cardboard, which can be produced in much different quality and weight, are obtained in numerous shapes and appearances 1, 2 . Paper and cardboard packaging are among the most economical packaging types. Using less raw materials, more durable but thin, light, economical cardboard is produced 2, 3 . In this study, under equal printing conditions, test prints were made on cardboard substrates (for cardboard packaging) with mineral oil based, vegetable oil (soy oil) based and UV cured inks used for the printing of the same images. After these prints, the properties of mineral oil, vegetable oil and UV ink; the effect on the print results was measured from different ways (Chroma*, Print density, unprinted surface Gloss 75°, Print Gloss 60°). At the same time, the visual differences between the print results were determined by the optical imaging (SEM) method and were examined by the elemental analysis method.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF BAKED DIET PATES MADE FROM FAR EASTERN FISH

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Leonidovna Kornienko ◽  
Larisa Borisovna Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Saffron Cod ◽  
Far Eastern

Technology of baked diet pates from Far Eastern fishes was developed in the laboratories of the Institute of Food Production of the FSBEI HE "Dalrybvtuz". The purpose of the work was to develop the technology of dietary baked fish pates, providing an expansion of the assortment of finished products and rational use of secondary fish raw material of saffron cod and rudd. The new technology provides substituting vegetable oil by fish broths from secondary raw materials in the recipe for baked general-purpose fish pates made of saffron cod and rudd. Functional and technological properties of broths were studied depending on the duty of water (from 0.5 to 2.0) with a continuous cooking time of 60 minutes. The influence of the duty of water and the duration of broth cooking on their organoleptic properties was studied. It is established that the increase in duty of water from 0.5 to 1.0-1.5 is accompanied by a decrease in the content of dry matter in the broth, curves of kinematic viscosity and surface tension of broths have a similar dynamics, which indicates a direct-proportional relationship between the colloid properties of broths and the content in them of dry substances. It is shown that the duration of cooking has a priority over the duty of water effect on the organoleptic properties of fish broths. As a result of the research, the optimal technological parameters for the production of baked dietary pates were established: duty of water - 0.5 (for saffron cod) and 1.5 (for reddish); the broth cooking time is 60 minutes; temperature during cooking broth 100°C; mass fraction of broth in the formulation of the finished product 35%, vegetable oil 0%. In the course of study of the quality of pastes made using the developed technology it was stated that the calorie content of diet pates is lower than that of general pates by 57.2% for saffron cod and 64.9% for rudd; while maintaining a high level of organoleptic properties and relative biological value of finished products in relation to the basic version - general pates.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly Alkyd Resins Based on Vegetable Oil: Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Okta Amelia ◽  
Illah Sailah ◽  
Ika Amalia Kartika ◽  
Ono Suparno ◽  
Yazid Bindar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paint Coating ◽  
Alkyd Resins ◽  
Industry Sustainability

The alkyd resin industry currently needs environmentally friendly raw materials, which emphasized the aspect of sustainability. Alkyd resin is a polymer product with oil as raw material which is widely used in the paint, coating, and other industries. The abundant demand for alkyd resin has led to a diversification of the raw material for alkyd resin from vegetable oils. The advantages of vegetable oil include being a renewable energy source for industry, sustainability, biodegradability, and being environmentally friendly as important considerations for the industry in recent times. This paper examines alkyd resins derived from several vegetable oils that are environmentally friendly. Alkyd resin is prepared by alcoholysis and esterification. Based on several studies of alkyd resins, there have been many modifications to the raw materials, technology, and catalysts used which can refer to an environmentally friendly and affordable industry.Keywords: alkyd resin; biodegradability; environmentally friendly; sustainability; vegetable oilA B S T R A KIndustri polimer pada masa ini membutuhkan bahan baku yang ramah lingkungan, yang menekankan pada keberlanjutan. Alkid resin adalah salah satu produk berbasis minyak yang banyak digunakan dalam industri cat, coating, dan industri lainnya. Keberlanjutan, biodegradabilitas, dan keramahan terhadap lingkungan menjadi pertimbangan signifikan bagi industri berbasis minyak nabati dalam beberapa waktu terakhir. Di dalam naskah ini, diulas beberapa minyak nabati yang digunakan untuk memproduksi alkid resin dengan cara alkoholisis dan esterifikasi. Berdasarkan berbagai studi yang telah dilakukan, masih terdapat modifikasi dari sisi material, teknologi dan katalis agar tercipta industri yang ramah lingkungan.Kata kunci: alkid resin; biodegradabilitas; keberlanjutan; minyak nabati; ramah lingkungan

The influence of the type of nut raw materials on the processes of migration of fats in glazed candies with pralin bodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Николай Борисович Кондратьев ◽  
Лариса Валентиновна Зайцева ◽  
Оксана Сергеевна Руденко ◽  
Егор Валерьевич Казанцев ◽  
Ирина Александровна Белова
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Butter Substitute ◽  
Materials Used

Целью исследования являлось изучение влияния свойств орехового сырья на направление и скорость процессов миграции жиров в глазированных конфетах с пралиновыми корпусами. Исследование процессов миграции жиров между корпусом и глазурью в процессе хранения необходимо для прогнозирования сохранности и предотвращения органо-лептической порчи в результате осветления или умягчения глазури, а также «поседения» поверхности изделий. Предложен подход прогнозирования скорости процессов миграции жиров при хранении конфет с корпусами, изготовленными на основе орехового сырья, с использованием удельной скорости миграции жиров. Исследованы процессы миграции жиров в модельных образцах конфет с пралиновыми корпусами на основе арахиса, фундука, кешью, миндаля, покрытых глазурью с использованием заменителя масла какао лауринового типа при температуре хранения 18 °С. Показано, что удельная скорость миграции олеиновой кислоты на поверхность модельных образцов глазированных конфет с корпусами на основе арахиса превышает скорость миграции в конфетах с корпусами на основе кешью приблизительно в 20 раз. Полученные закономерности позволяют установить дополнительные требования к качеству используемого жирового сырья для уменьшения скорости миграции жиров. The aim of the work - the investigation of the influence of nut raw material properties on the direction and speed of fat migration processes in glazed sweets with praline cases. The study of fat migration processes between the body and the glaze during storage is necessary to predict the safety and prevent organoleptic spoilage as a result of lightening or softening of the glaze, as well as «graying» of the surface of the products. An approach to predicting the rate of fat migration processes during the storage of sweets with cases made on the basis of nut raw materials using the specific rate of fat migration is proposed. The processes of fat migration in model samples of sweets with praline cases based on peanuts, hazelnuts, cashews, almonds, glazed with glaze, with the use of a lauric-type cocoa butter substitute were investigated at a storage temperature of 18 °C. It is shown that the specific rate of migration of oleic acid to the surface of model samples of glazed sweets with peanut-based cases exceeds the migration rate in sweets with cashew-based cases by approximately 20 times. The obtained regularities allow us to establish additional requirements for the quality of the fat raw materials used to reduce the rate of fat migration.

Cost Reduction of Raw Materials in a Steel Factory with Implementation of Mix Problem (A Case Study)

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2178-2183
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Moheghi ◽  
Hamid Mashhadi Moghadam ◽  
Sara Motevali
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Production Company ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Material cost decrease is an important issue for industrial factories. Operations Research is considered as a proper means for this purpose. A steel production company as a case study is presented in this paper. The combination of raw material is important in steel production. In the company raw materials are mixed experimentally without attention to cost minimization. After considering the process of steel production, a mix model is determined as a proper model for lowering the cost of production in the company. At first, we study the mix problem. Then, we deal with the quantities of the model parameters as well as a mathematical modeling based on the proper constraints. Finally, the solution to the mathematical model is created by a software .The model solution shows that the proposed optimal solution leads to cost minimization significantly.

scholarly journals Impedance Spectroscopy Sensing Material Properties for Self-Tuning Ratio Control in Pharmaceutical Industry

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ghita ◽  
Isabela Birs ◽  
Dana Copot ◽  
Ioana Nascu ◽  
Clara M. Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Self Tuning

Following the paradigm shift in the pharmaceutical industry from batch to continuous production, additional instrumentation and revision of control strategies to optimize material flow throughout the downstream processes are required. Tableting manufacturing is one of the most productive in terms of turnover and investment into new sensor technologies is an important decision-making step. This paper proposes a continuous solution to detect changes in material properties, and a control algorithm to aid in minimizing risk at the end-product line. Some of the sub-processes involved in tableting manufacturing perform changes in powder and liquid mixtures, granulation, density, therefore changing flow conditions of the raw material. Using impedance spectroscopy in a continuous sensing and monitoring context, it is possible to perform online identification of generalized (fractional) order parametric models where the coefficients are correlated to changes in material properties. The model parameters are then included in a self-tuning control gain used in ratio control as part of the local process control loop. The solution proposed here is easy to implement and poses a significant added value to the current state of art in pharmaceutical manufacturing technologies.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

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