scholarly journals Latest Developments in Membrane (Bio)Reactors

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Arash Helmi ◽  
Fausto Gallucci
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Autothermal Reforming ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Physical Unit

The integration of membranes inside a catalytic reactor is an intensification strategy to combine separation and reaction steps in one single physical unit. In this case, a selective removal or addition of a reactant or product will occur, which can circumvent thermodynamic equilibrium and drive the system performance towards a higher product selectivity. In the case of an inorganic membrane reactor, a membrane separation is coupled with a reaction system (e.g., steam reforming, autothermal reforming, etc.), while in a membrane bioreactor a biological treatment is combined with a separation through the membranes. The objective of this article is to review the latest developments in membrane reactors in both inorganic and membrane bioreactors, followed by a report on new trends, applications, and future perspectives.

Zeolite membrane reactors: from preparation to application in heterogeneous catalytic reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Wenten ◽  
K. Khoiruddin ◽  
R. R. Mukti ◽  
W. Rahmah ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Catalytic Reactions ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Zeolite Membrane ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic

Coupling chemical reaction with membrane separation or known as membrane reactor (MR) has been demonstrated by numerous studies and showed that this strategy has successfully addressed the goal of process intensification.

Inorganic Membranes for Hydrogen Production from the Water-Gas Shift Reaction: Materials, Reactor Design, and Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ping Ding ◽  
Zehong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Wgs Reaction ◽  
Water Gas

Inorganic membranes for gas separation and purification have attracted great research interest. One application utilizing these materials is for H2 production from the water-gas shift reactions (WGS). The exothermic, reversible WGS reaction is controlled by thermodynamic equilibrium and exhibits decreased conversion with increasing temperatures. It is envisaged that the reaction conversion will surpass the equilibrium value if the reaction is conducted in a hydrogen-permselective membrane reactor, where the hydrogen product can be continuously removed from the reactor to shift the reaction equilibrium. In this article, the most recent development on material synthesis and fabrication of microporous ceramic membranes and dense palladium-based metal membranes are firstly reviewed according to their performance for H2 permeance and permselectivity over slightly larger molecules. The modification methods for improving membrane structure integrity, hydrophobicity, and stability at high temperature operation are also discussed. Subsequently, inorganic membrane reactors for the WGS reaction are evaluated in terms of CO conversion, hydrogen purity and operation parameters. Finally, modeling on gas transport through inorganic membranes and simulation of membrane reactors are discussed. By comparing the performance of various membranes, future prospective and improvement on membrane preparation and membrane reactor design are proposed.

Recent Research in Catalytic Inorganic Membrane Reactors

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Present Contribution

The two most important, and often the most expensive, steps in a chemical process are usually the chemical reactor and the separation of the product stream. Both the process economics and the efficient use of natural resources could be improved by the combination of these two operations into a single unit operation, leading to potential savings in energy and reactant consumption and reduced by-product formation. One promising way to accomplish this combination is the use of membrane separation and catalytic reaction together in a multifunctional reactor. Until relatively recently, the use of membranes was restricted to low temperature processes with mild chemical environments, which could be tolerated by polymeric materials. Recent advances in inorganic materials have expanded the range of membrane use, to include high temperature and chemically harsh environments. This has allowed inorganic membranes to be integrated into catalytic reactors. This area was reviewed previously by the present author (Dixon, 1999). The present contribution seeks to review literature and new developments in the succeeding four and a half year period, since the end of 1998. Research directions that were previously considered promising are re-evaluated here, and new ideas since then are presented.

scholarly journals Troubleshooting Foaming in Membrane Bioreactor: Review of Foam Analysis, Causes and Remedies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Gayatri Gawande ◽  
◽  
Rucha Dandekar ◽  
Omparv Channa ◽  
Harshali Birari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Compact Design ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Membrane Bioreactors have proved to be a useful alternative to conventional activated sludge systems for wastewater treatment. Merits of membrane bioreactors include more compact design saving a significant amount of space and lower sludge production due to longer sludge retention time. This system unfortunately has a downside with it comes to excessive foaming. Membrane bioreactors often act as foam traps leading to overflowing, wastage of sludge and difficulty in process control. Pre-Treatment of wastewater has proven to significantly reduce foaming caused by surfactants. Generally, physical methods are considered more economical and operationally convenient compared to conventional techniques including chemical treatment and advanced techniques like biological treatment. Polyaluminium chloride as a coagulant is recommended as a chemical treatment due to economic and effectiveness considerations. It has been concluded that the remedies for foaming issue are case specific and should be determined by the causes of foaming. This paper aims at reviewing techniques to analyse the foaming phenomenon, causes of foaming and its remedies to manage or eliminate foam.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Emerging Pharmaceuticals from Domestic Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactor: The Effect of Solid Retention Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3395
Author(s):  
Raghad Asad Kadhim ALOBAIDI ◽  
Kubra ULUCAN-ALTUNTAS ◽  
Rasha Khalid Sabri MHEMID ◽  
Neslihan MANAV-DEMIR ◽  
Ozer CINAR
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Solid Retention Time ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
By Products

Although conventional biological treatment plants can remove basic pollutants, they are ineffective at removing recalcitrant pollutants. Membrane bioreactors contain promising technology and have the advantages of better effluent quality and lower sludge production compared to those of conventional biological treatment processes. In this study, the removal of pharmaceutical compounds by membrane bioreactors under different solid retention times (SRTs) was investigated. To study the effect of SRT on the removal of emerging pharmaceuticals, the levels of pharmaceuticals were measured over 96 days for the following retention times: 20, 30, and 40-day SRT. It was found that the 40-day SRT had the optimum performance in terms of the pharmaceuticals’ elimination. The removal efficiencies of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) for each selected SRT were higher than 96% at steady-state conditions. The highest degradation efficiency was observed for paracetamol. Paracetamol was the most removed compound followed by ranitidine, atenolol, bezafibrate, diclofenac, and carbamazepine. The microbial community at the phylum level was also analyzed to understand the biodegradability of pharmaceuticals. It was noticed that the Proteobacteria phylum increased from 46.8% to 60.0% after 96 days with the pharmaceuticals. The Actinobacteria class, which can metabolize paracetamol, carbamazepine, and atenolol, was also increased from 9.1% to 17.9% after adding pharmaceuticals. The by-products of diclofenac, bezafibrate, and carbamazepine were observed in the effluent samples.

Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: the state of the art and new developments

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. van Dijk ◽  
G. C. G. Roncken
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
Transfer Flow

The combination of membrane separation technology and bioreactors has lead to a new focus on wastewater treatment. The application of membranes has led to very compact wastewater treatment systems with an excellent effluent quality. For concentrated wastewaters, like industrial streams and landfill leachate the membrane bioreactor has been applied at full scale successfully. The relatively high energy requirements have hindered the wide spread application of membrane bioreactors. Using new membrane techniques, like transfer flow modules, creates the possibilities of a more widespread application. This opens possibilities for far going reuse of wastewater, both industrial and municipal, decrease in sludge production and small-footprint bioreactors for less concentrated wastewater streams.

scholarly journals High Loaded Synthetic Hazardous Wastewater Treatment Using Lab-Scale Submerged Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashallah Rezakazemi ◽  
Mohsen Maghami ◽  
Toraj Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Separation Processes

Submerged ceramic membrane bioreactors (SCMBRs) are more efficient combinations of traditional activated hazardous sludge and new membrane separation processes in wastewater treatment. Suspended solids are separated from hazardous effluent using microfilter ceramic membranes in SCMBRs. A high loaded wastewater was treated using an SCMBR employing a homemade tubular ceramic membrane in laboratory scale. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) was 32 h and COD range was varied from 2000 to 5000 mg/l. COD removal was evaluated to be more than 90% after a week and the lab scale SCMBR showed desired performance for the wastewater treatment. Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS) was increased from 2000 to 4000 mg/L during the SCMBR operation time.

Hydrogen-driven denitrification of wastewater in an anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor: potential for water reuse

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rezania ◽  
J.A. Oleszkiewicz ◽  
N. Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Delivery Unit ◽  
Final Effluent

An anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor was coupled with a novel hydrogen delivery system for hydrogenotrophic denitrification of municipal final effluent containing nitrate. The biological treatment unit and hydrogen delivery unit were proven successful in removing nitrate and delivering hydrogen, respectively. Complete hydrogen transfer resulted in reducing nitrate below detectable levels at a loading of 0.14 kg N m−3 d−1. The produced water met all drinking water guidelines except for color and organic carbon. However, the organic carbon was removed by 72% mostly by membrane rejection. To reduce the organic carbon and color of the effluent, post treatment of the produced water is required.

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