scholarly journals Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin Content in Different Types of Biomasses by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pseudocomponent Kinetic Model (TGA-PKM Method)

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
David Díez ◽  
Ana Urueña ◽  
Raúl Piñero ◽  
Aitor Barrio ◽  
Tarja Tamminen
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Different Types

The standard method for determining the biomass composition, in terms of main lignocellulosic fraction (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) contents, is by chemical method; however, it is a slow and expensive methodology, which requires complex techniques and the use of multiple chemical reagents. The main objective of this article is to provide a new efficient, low-cost and fast method for the determination of the main lignocellulosic fraction contents of different types of biomasses from agricultural by-products to softwoods and hardwoods. The method is based on applying deconvolution techniques on the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) pyrolysis curves obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) through a kinetic approach based on a pseudocomponent kinetic model (PKM). As a result, the new method (TGA-PKM) provides additional information regarding the ease of carrying out their degradation in comparison with other biomasses. The results obtained show a good agreement between experimental data from analytical procedures and the TGA-PKM method (±7%). This indicates that the TGA-PKM method can be used to have a good estimation of the content of the main lignocellulosic fractions without the need to carry out complex extraction and purification chemical treatments. In addition, the good quality of the fit obtained between the model and experimental DTG curves (R2Adj = 0.99) allows to obtain the characteristic kinetic parameters of each fraction.

Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

scholarly journals Analysis of Seven Biogenic Amines and Two Amino Acids in Wines Using Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ying Huang ◽  
Yu-Xian Wang ◽  
Xin-Zhi Wang ◽  
Cho-Chun Hu ◽  
Tai-Chia Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Electrokinetic Chromatography ◽  
Optimal Separation

A low-cost, simple, and fast method utilizing micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the simultaneous determination of seven biogenic amines and two amino acids was developed. A background electrolyte containing 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.7) and 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate was used. The optimal separation of nine investigated analytes was achieved in 11 min, with limits of detection (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.11 to 0.61 µM. The linear ranges for all analytes were observed between 0.55 and 10.0 μM (R2 > 0.990). The developed approach was extended to the analysis of analytes in commercial wine and beer samples. The recoveries of the proposed method ranged from 98.8% to 115.6%.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF 14C AND TGA TECHNIQUES FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE BIOMASS CONTENT OF END-OF-LIFE TIRES

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Saiz-Rodríguez ◽  
José María Bermejo-Muñoz ◽  
Andrés Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Alberto Fernández-Torres ◽  
Antonio Rubinos-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Thermogravimetric Method ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reference Samples

ABSTRACT Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and 14C techniques were compared for the determination of the biomass content of end-of-life tires (ELTs). Samples of different types (of ELTs) were prepared, and the biomass fraction of each sample was measured using the two methods (TGA and 14C). Six reference samples were also prepared with known quantities of natural rubber and stearic acid in order to establish the calibration curve necessary for the thermogravimetric analysis and to verify the accuracy of the results of the 14C analysis. The conclusions were that the 14C technique is the more valid, reliable, and precise method for determining the biomass content of end-of-life tires, since the results of the 14C tests of the reference samples coincided perfectly with the actual natural rubber and stearic acid content. On the other hand, the results of the thermogravimetric method differed considerably from the known natural rubber content of the reference samples as well as from the results of the 14C technique. This method is therefore not appropriate for use in determining the biomass content of end-of-life tires.

scholarly journals Determination of anionic profiling of improvised explosive devices from different types of low explosive material

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Afiq Mohamed Huri ◽  
Umi Kalthom Ahmad ◽  
Mustafa Omar
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Explosive Material ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pipe Bombs ◽  
Inorganic Constituents ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices

Improvised explosive devices  or also known as homemade explosive devices are frequently abused for public terrorism. This types of explosive devices are well fabricated and  made in improvised manner by incorporating military or commercially sourced explosive. It is often used for terrorism as the material of the devices are readily available at low cost and can be obtain legally without any suspicion from the sellers. Chemical composition of explosives holds a lot of useful information in establishing a link between a perpetrator and a bombing case. Analysis of post-blast explosive and pre-blast explosive is equally important since the chemical reaction during explosion will change the product of the composition. Different types of explosive material are also expected to give different composition profiling.  In this study, four types of pyrotechnics explosives packed in pipe bombs were utilized via sampling exercise. Cotton swabbing technique was employed as method extraction as it is easy to perform, rapid, less solvent use and lab time are reduced.The determination of anionic inorganic constituents of improvised explosives were  performed using ion chromatography. Post blast residues were analyzed to compare the changes of inorganic ions to its origin from pre blast samples. Inorganic ions were separated using Metrosep A SUPP 5 column and an eluent consisting of 1.0 mmol/L of NaHCO3 with 3.2 mmol/L Na2CO3. Anions of interest including  NO2-, NO32-, PO42-, SO42-, SCN-,  and ClO4-  have been successfully separated within 60 minutes. Types and amount of anion detected are different from different materials of explosive devices.________________________________________GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Determination of Free Diethanolamine Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Roland Nagy ◽  
Máté Hartyányi ◽  
Bianka Nagy ◽  
Csilla Varga
Keyword(s):  
Fast Method ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Different Types

AbstractQuantification of alkanolamines is imperative for health and chemical safety risk reasons. A fast method that requires less equipment has been developed for the determination of free diethanolamine in different types of additives. Repeatability tests were carried out. The free diethanolamine content of commercially available additives has been determined. We have recommended industrial applicability.

Contribution to the Identification and Quantitative Determination of Carbon Black in Vulcanizates by Thermogravimetric Analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1060-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pautrat ◽  
B. Metivier ◽  
J. Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nitrile Rubbers ◽  
Good Repeatability

Abstract It has been verified that, in a number of cases, thermogravimetric analysis permits quantitative determination and identification of carbon blacks in the free state or in vulcanized compounds. The proper operating conditions can give sufficiently good repeatability and adequate precision for most routine analyses. As is the case in other methods for determining the loading, numerous difficulties were encountered with elastomers which graphitize on heating. However, quantitative analysis of black in nitrile rubbers remains possible, but the identification of different types of black is very difficult. The authors propose to continue this study, particularly into the new families of blacks, primarily into the function of the diameter of their elementary particles and their degree of structure.

scholarly journals Fast Method for Testing the Photocatalytic Performance of Modified Gypsum

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janus ◽  
Zając ◽  
Ehm ◽  
Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Different Types

The measurement of the photocatalytic activity of building materials is quite time-consuming. Up until now, researchers have mainly used the equipment described in ISO 22197-1 to ISO 22197-4 for the determination of air purification activity, although other apparatus such as colorimeters, UV-Vis/DR spectroscopes and equipment for contact angle measurements have also been used. Usually, photocatalytic activity measurements take from one hour up to several hours. In this study, we present a very fast method for the measurement of the photocatalytic activity of gypsum. A specially designed printer with a modified bubblejet cartridge was used to apply a special ink on the surface of gypsum plates. Then the surface was irradiated by UV-A light and every 3 s a picture of the surface was taken. The results showed that the discoloration of the dye occurs after a few seconds of irradiation and the time depends on the amount of photocatalyst used as well as the number of printed ink layers. It was concluded that it is possible to use this method for a quick comparison of the photocatalytic activity of different types of modified gypsum materials.

Optimization and Validation of a Simple and Fast Method for the Determination of Fungicides in Must and Wine Samples by SPE and GC/MS

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lagunas-Allué ◽  
Jesús Sanz-Asensio ◽  
Maria-Teresa Martínez-Soria
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Fungicide Residues ◽  
Wine Matrix

Abstract A rapid, simple, and low-cost method based on SPE was optimized and validated for simultaneous determination of eight fungicides belonging to different chemical classes in must and wine. The method involves extraction of 10 mL of must or wine samples with a C18 cartridge using 5 mL of dichloromethane as the elution solvent. Separation and final determination of the fungicides (vinclozolin, dichlofluanid, penconazol, captan, quinoxyfen, fluquinconazol, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin) was performed by GC coupled to single quadrupole MS. Recoveries at 10, 50, and 100 μg/L were between 71 and 106% in both matrixes for the fungicides evaluated. The calculated LOQ ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 μg/L in must and 1.1 to 3.8 μg/L in wine. Matrix effects observed for wine and must samples were overcome by using matrix-matched calibration. The developed method was linear at concentrations within the tested interval, with coefficients of determination higher than 0.999. The expanded uncertainties at 10 μg/L were <20% for all analytes. Intralaboratory precision in terms of the Horwitz ratio of the fungicides evaluated was below 0.5, suggesting the ruggedness of the method. The proposed method was applied to determine fungicide residues in must samples obtained from red grapes treated with two new commercial formulations, as well as in their corresponding final wines.

Removal of methylene blue by orange and uvaia seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-251
Author(s):  
Bianca Mesquita Coelho Botrel ◽  
Zuy Maria Magriotis ◽  
Adelir Aparecida Saczk ◽  
Sabrina Mesquita Coelho ◽  
Priscila Ferreira De Sales
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Elemental Chemical Analysis

In this study, the adsorption behavior of methylene blue (MB) was investigated using orange seed (OS) and uvaia seed (US) as low cost adsorbents. These materials were characterized using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), elemental chemical analysis (CHNO), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential, specific surface area and a test for determination of acid sites. The parameters evaluated in the kinetic study of adsorption were contact time, initial dye concentration, mass of adsorbent and pH. The adsorption of MB onto OS and US samples could be explained by Elovich ?s kinetic model. The experimental isotherms data, carried out at the temperatures of 25°C, 35°C, 45°C and 55°C, were better represented by Sips. It was verified that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic according to the thermodynamic parameters ?G°, ?H ° and ?S ° evaluated. The OS and US maximum adsorption capacity at the temperature of 25°C was 38 mg g-1 and 48 mg g-1 , respectively. The reuse tests performed at three subsequent times showed that there was no significant decrease regarding the materials efficiency, therefore emphasizing its viability as biosorbents.

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