scholarly journals Integrated Method of Monitoring and Optimization of Steam Methane Reformer Process

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Zečević ◽  
Nenad Bolf
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Tube Wall Temperature ◽  
Reformer Tubes ◽  
Set Up

Reforming of natural gas with steam represents the most energy-intensive part of ammonia production. An integrated numerical model for calculating composition of primary reforming products with cross-checking of outlet methane molar concentration, heat duty, maximum tube wall temperature, tube pressure drops, and approach to equilibrium was set up involving production parameters. In particular, the model was used for continuous monitoring and optimization of a steam methane reformer (SMR) catalyst in ammonia production. The calculations involve the solution of material and energy balance equations along with reaction kinetic expressions. Open source code based on Matlab file was used for modelling and calculation of various physical properties of the reacting gases. One of the main contributions is development of the rapid integrated method for data exchange between any distributed control system (DCS) and the model to accomplish continuous monitoring and optimization of SMR catalyst and reformer tubes. Integrated memory block was proposed for rapid synchronization between commercial DCS with the model solver. The developed model was verified with the industrial top-fired SMR unit in ammonia production located in Petrokemija, Croatia. Practical application of proposed solution can ensure overall energy savings of up to 3% in ammonia production.

scholarly journals Adaptive Data Synchronization Algorithm for IoT-Oriented Low-Power Wide-Area Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Petroni ◽  
Francesca Cuomo ◽  
Leonisio Schepis ◽  
Mauro Biagi ◽  
Marco Listanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
File Synchronization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people’s lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significant enhancements concerning the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile communications. Having billions of devices simultaneously connected has opened new challenges about network management and data exchange rules that need to be tailored to the characteristics of the considered scenario. A large part of the IoT market is pointing to Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) representing the infrastructure for several applications having energy saving as a mandatory goal besides other aspects of QoS. In this context, we propose a low-power IoT-oriented file synchronization protocol that, by dynamically optimizing the amount of data to be transferred, limits the device level of interaction within the network, therefore extending the battery life. This protocol can be adopted with different Layer 2 technologies and provides energy savings at the IoT device level that can be exploited by different applications.

scholarly journals A Scale Model of Tension Structures in Road Tunnels to Optimize the Use of Solar Light for Energy Saving

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Peña-García ◽  
Luisa-María Gil-Martín ◽  
Roberto Escribano ◽  
Antonio Espín-Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Tension Structures ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Equation

Shifting the threshold zone of road tunnels with semitransparent tension structures has shown itself to be an effective way of saving energy in regards to electricity consumption, maintenance, and construction materials used in the electrical lighting, thus lessening negative environmental impacts. Even though the shape of the tension structure has a major influence on energy savings, the optimal type of structure for each tunnel is often difficult to determine, because experiments using real tunnels are extremely expensive. It is thus necessary to find methods of doing this that are both reliable as well as economical. In this research study, three candidate structures were set up at the portal of a scale model of a real tunnel. The energy savings in each case were analyzed and compared. As a result, it was possible to formulate a new equation that calculates the energy savings in the threshold zone.

scholarly journals Assessing the performance of indicators during their life cycle: the mixed QUID method

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Philippe Michel ◽  
Laurie Fraticelli ◽  
Pierre Parneix ◽  
Valentin Daucourt ◽  
Olivier Farges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Operational Issues

Abstract Background Quality indicators (QI) are mandatory in French hospitals. After a decade of use, the Ministry of Health set up an expert workgroup to enhance informed decision-making regarding currently used national QI, i.e. to propose a decision of withdrawing, revising or continuing their use. We report the development of an integrated method for a comprehensive appraisal of quality/safety indicators (QI) during their life cycle, for three purposes, quality improvement, public disclosure and regulation purposes. The method was tested on 10 national QI on use for up to 10 years to identify operational issues. Methods A modified Delphi technique to select relevant criteria and a development of a mixed evaluation method by the workgroup. A ‘real-life’ test on 10 national QI. Results Twelve criteria were selected for the appraisal of QI used for regulation goals, 11 were selected for hospital improvement and seven for public disclosure. The perceived feasibility and relevance were studied including hospital workers, patients and health authorities professionals; the scientific soundness of the indicator development phase was reviewed by analyzing reference documents; the metrological performance (limited to the discriminatory power and dynamics of change during the life cycle dimensions) was analyzed on the national datasets. Applied to the 10 QI, the workgroup proposed to withdraw four of them and to modify or suspend the six others. Conclusions The value of the method was supported by the clear-cut conclusions and endorsement of the proposed decisions by the health authorities.

Semi-Active Direct Velocity Control Method of Dynamic Response of Spatial Reticulated Structures Based on MR Dampers

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bao ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Dai Zhou ◽  
Yao-Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Control Force ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Mr Dampers ◽  
Set Up

In this paper, a semi-active optimal control strategy for spatial reticulated structures (SRS) with MR dampers subjected to dynamic actions was proposed. The motion equation of SRS embedded with MR dampers was set up. The performance function of the optimal control strategy including both the structural responses and the control efforts was constituted for the optimization of feedback gain and MR damper placement in SRS, and an integrated method of genetic-gradient based algorithm was developed to solve this optimization problem. The clipped-optimal semi-active control strategy in the conjunction of velocity output feedback was applied to compute the desired control force from the MR dampers. Finally, a numerical example of SRS dealing with optimal placement of MR dampers and feedback gains of control system demonstrates the validity of the present semi-active optimal control strategy.

Latest Developments in Optimizing Reformer Tube Life Through Advanced Inspection and Remaining Life Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Shannon ◽  
Carl E. Jaske
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Reformer Tubes ◽  
Remaining Life Assessment ◽  
Tube Life

Steam methane reformer tubes must withstand high temperature and pressures during operation and are made from centrifugally cast austenitic materials, typically HK-40, HP Modified, and Micro-Alloy materials. Since operating conditions can result in various forms of damage, the identification and quantification of damage is of vital importance if tube life is to be predicted accurately. This paper describes the recent developments in an integrated inspection system which uses multiple NDT techniques to provide a most comprehensive assessment of current tube condition. This system is coupled with a sophisticated remaining life assessment software model which predicts the remaining life of each tube in a furnace.

Influence of z/w relation in Chill Block Melt Spinning (CBMS) process and analysis of thickness in ribbons

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo R. Pagnola ◽  
Marcelo Barone ◽  
Mariano Malmoria ◽  
Hugo Sirkin
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Magnetic Cores ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Chill Block ◽  
Set Up

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis over own and other authors data related to the process of Chill Block Melt Spinning (CBMS) and propose a model of analysis for interpreting. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology used in this work is to present the data analyzed by other authors, organize own data similarly to establish comparison, and established models and propose a possible physical processes interpretation. Findings – Similarity between own experimental data. with others data reported by other authors, both z/w ratio and the thicknesses of the films produced has been found. This allows us to establish an exponential decay of the parameters studied and possibly link it the Newtonian cooling to which the samples are subjected in its production. Research limitations/implications – This work is the first model set up to predict dimensions in design process by CBMS as a function of parameters of the ribbon production process. Practical implications – The prediction of the product dimensions, with adjusting the initial parameters, allows to improve the process of ribbon production, this saves tuning time of the machine and provides certainty in the molten material ejection. Social implications – The efficient production of magnetic materials lets save efforts in the raw material process preparing in magnetic cores for the energy sector. This, improves production besides benefit society by the final product and the energy savings. Originality/value – The value of this paper is to propose a model of analysis that allows standardize production parameters, and could even allow the use of these models in computer programs, process simulators in a more effective manner.

scholarly journals ENERGY SAVING AND INTENSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
DEMUR CHOMAKHIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
Set Up

The report analyzes the role and importance of energy conservation for Georgia. Based on concrete materials, the effectiveness of social labor and energy savings on gross domestic product (GDP) is comparable to each other. It is said that the reduction of GDP energy efficiency by 1% is almost the same, and in more than a few years, the result of GDP increase is more than the same as the productivity of public labor. In this regard, the report describes the level and dynamics of major macroeconomic indicators of the economic development of Georgia for 2013-2016. Set up events to improve the situation.

scholarly journals Relevance of Monitoring Atrial Fibrillation in Clinical Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Lewalter ◽  
Giuseppe Boriani ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Shock Delivery ◽  
Implanted Devices

The monitoring of atrial fibrillation (AF) is performed using a variety of tools, ranging from the conventional Holter electrocardiogram to modern implantable loop recording with remote data exchange. The main clinical areas in AF where monitoring is crucial for decision-making are catheter and surgical ablation, as well as anticoagulation to prevent strokes. Identifying the patient cohort at risk – e.g., those with subclinical silent AF – is a challenge. In addition, the interaction of AF with implanted devices – e.g. AF-triggered inadequate shock therapy – should be the object of continuous monitoring. The prevention of inadequate shock delivery in particular is of major clinical importance.

Application of Water-Cooled Air-Conditioning for High-Rise Residential Buildings

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Qianqian Di
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operation Performance ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Set Up

To improve the applicability of water-cooled air-conditioners in the domestic sector, the development of a prediction model for energy performance analysis is needed. This paper addressed the development of an empirical model for predicting the operation performance and the annual energy consumption for the use of water-cooled air-conditioners. An experimental prototype was set up and tested in an environmental chamber in validating the empirical model. The predictions compared well with the experimental results. Furthermore, a high-rise residential building whole-year energy consumption simulation on applications of water-cooled air conditioners in South china was also analyzed. The results show 20.4% energy savings over air-cooled units while the increase in water-side consumption is 31.1%. The overall energy savings were estimated at 16.2% when including the additional water costs.

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