scholarly journals Development of an Electric Arc Furnace Simulator Based on a Comprehensive Dynamic Process Model

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hay ◽  
Thomas Echterhof ◽  
Ville-Valtteri Visuri
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Furnace Process ◽  
User Input ◽  
Operating Strategy ◽  
Automated Evaluation

A simulator and an algorithm for the automatic creation of operation charts based on process conditions were developed on the basis of an existing comprehensive electric arc furnace process model. The simulator allows direct user input and real-time display of results during the simulation, making it usable for training and teaching of electric arc furnace operators. The automatic control feature offers a quick and automated evaluation of a large number of scenarios or changes in process conditions, raw materials, or equipment used. The operation chart is adjusted automatically to give comparable conditions at tapping and allows the assessment of the necessary changes in the operating strategy as well as their effect on productivity, energy, and resource consumption, along with process emissions.

scholarly journals Study on the Pneumatic Lime Injection in the Electric Arc Furnace Process: An Evaluation on the Performance Benefits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Mombelli ◽  
Gianluca Dall'Osto ◽  
Giacomo Villa ◽  
Carlo Mapelli ◽  
Silvia Barella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Furnace Process

Optimization of the Electric Arc Furnace Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 8030-8039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadollah Saboohi ◽  
Amirhossein Fathi ◽  
Igor Skrjanc ◽  
Vito Logar
Keyword(s):  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Furnace Process

scholarly journals A Review of Mathematical Process Models for the Electric Arc Furnace Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 2000395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hay ◽  
Ville-Valtteri Visuri ◽  
Matti Aula ◽  
Thomas Echterhof
Keyword(s):  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Furnace Process ◽  
Mathematical Process

scholarly journals A Combined Pyro- and Hydrometallurgical Approach to Recycle Pyrolyzed Lithium-Ion Battery Black Mass Part 1: Production of Lithium Concentrates in an Electric Arc Furnace

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1069
Author(s):  
Marcus Sommerfeld ◽  
Claudia Vonderstein ◽  
Christian Dertmann ◽  
Jakub Klimko ◽  
Dušan Oráč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cobalt Nickel

Due to the increasing demand for battery raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium, the extraction of these metals not only from primary, but also from secondary sources like spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly important. One possible approach for an optimized recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs is a combined pyro- and hydrometallurgical process. According to the pyrometallurgical process route, in this paper, a suitable slag design for the generation of slag enriched by lithium and mixed cobalt, nickel, and copper alloy as intermediate products in a laboratory electric arc furnace was investigated. Smelting experiments were carried out using pyrolyzed pelletized black mass, copper(II) oxide, and different quartz additions as a flux to investigate the influence on lithium-slagging. With the proposed smelting operation, lithium could be enriched with a maximum yield of 82.4% in the slag, whereas the yield for cobalt, nickel, and copper in the metal alloy was 81.6%, 93.3%, and 90.7% respectively. The slag obtained from the melting process is investigated by chemical and mineralogical characterization techniques. Hydrometallurgical treatment to recover lithium is carried out with the slag and presented in part 2.

scholarly journals Phase Equilibrium Diagram for Electric Arc Furnace Slag Optimization in High Alloyed Chromium Stainless Steelmaking

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Kirschen ◽  
In-Ho Jung ◽  
Gernot Hackl
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Refractory Wear ◽  
Slag Refining ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Slag

The electric arc furnace (EAF) process for steelmaking of Cr and Ni high alloyed stainless steel grades differs significantly from the steelmaking process of carbon steel due to the special raw materials and generally lower oxygen consumption. The special slag chemistry in the EAF process affects slag foaming and refractory wear characteristics due to an increased content of CrOx. A special slag diagram is presented in order to improve monitoring and control of slag compositions for Cr alloyed heats, with special focus on saturation to MgO periclase and dicalcium silicate C2S in order to minimize MgO losses from the refractory lining and to improve slag refining capability by avoidance of stable C2S. With the same diagram different EAF process strategies can be efficiently monitored, either at elevated CaO and basicity with lower spinel concentration and more liquid process slags near C2S saturation or at lower CaO content and basicity with increased spinel concentration and stiffer slags at MgO saturation but certainly no C2S stability. Examples for three industrial EAFs are given.

scholarly journals Calculation of View Factors in Electric Arc Furnace Process Modeling

2020 ◽  
pp. 2000341
Author(s):  
Thomas Hay ◽  
Jesus Hernandez ◽  
Suzanne Roberts ◽  
Thomas Echterhof
Keyword(s):  
Process Modeling ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Furnace Process ◽  
View Factors
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