scholarly journals Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Kumar ◽  
Asif ◽  
Poulose ◽  
Suguna ◽  
Al-Hazza
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Biomass Dosage

The present work discusses the adsorptive removal of a phenolic pollutant, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), using low cost untreated agricultural waste pine cone powder (PCP). The present biosorbent was thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The presence of amine (-NH2), hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups was detected by the FTIR analysis. The important biosorption factors like agitation time, biomass dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and the initial pH were examined by batch studies. The biosorption kinetic process was fast, reaching equilibrium in 75 min. The experimental kinetic data revealed an excellent agreement with the pseudo second order (PSO) model. On the other hand, the Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium data with the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of 243.90 mg/g. These values are better than the adsorption capacities of most agro-based untreated adsorbents previously reported in the literature. Owing to fast removal rates and high biosorption capacity, PCP can be used for cost-effective treatment of TCP from aqueous streams.

scholarly journals Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from an aqueous solution by NaCl and surfactant-modified clinoptilolite

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Vosoughi Niri ◽  
Amir Hosein Mahvi ◽  
Mahmoud Alimohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Shirmardi ◽  
Hafez Golastanifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Data

Zeolitic tuffs are found in different parts of the world. Iranian zeolite is a low-cost material that can be frequently found in nature. Surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) can be used for the adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption study was conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of SMZ; furthermore, the effects of contact time, initial pH, and the initial adsorbent dose on the adsorption process were investigated in a batch system. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of NOM on SMZ was a gradual process. The optimum initial pH values for the adsorption of NOM on SMZ were in the acidic ranges. The batch kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with good correlation coefficients. The equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The results show that the natural zeolite being modified with NaCl and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant was an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of NOM.

scholarly journals Degradation of Diallyl Phthalate (DAP) by Fenton Oxidation: Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Sondos Dbira ◽  
Nasr Bensalah ◽  
Moustafa Zagho ◽  
Ahmed Bedoui
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Fenton’S Reaction ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Diallyl Phthalate

In this work, the degradation and mineralization of Diallyl Phthalate (DAP) in water by Fenton oxidation was investigated. The effects of different experimental parameters including the initial pH, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose, the catalyst (Fe2+) dose, the iron source, and the DAP concentration on the rate and the yield of DAP degradation by Fenton oxidation were evaluated. DAP and its intermediates were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and the measurement of total organic carbon (TOC) during Fenton oxidation. The results obtained confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (HO•) generated from Fenton’s reaction were capable of completely eliminating DAP from water. Fenton oxidation of 100 mg/L DAP aqueous solution at pH = 3.2 required 1000 mg/L H2O2 and 50 mg/L Fe2+. Under these conditions, more than TOC removal exceeded 95% after 300 min Fenton oxidation. The competition kinetics method was used to determine an absolute rate constant of 7.26.109 M−1 s−1 for the reaction between DAP and HO• radicals. HPLC analysis showed that phthalic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, maleic acid, formic acid and oxalic acid were the main intermediates formed during DAP degradation. Accordingly, a simple DAP degradation mechanism by the Fenton reaction was proposed. These promising results proved the potential of Fenton oxidation as a cost-effective method for the decontamination of wastewaters containing phthalates.

A contribution to solve the arsenic problem in groundwater of Ganges Delta by in-situ treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Rott ◽  
H. Kauffmann
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic in groundwater is a huge problem in numerous regions of the world. Many people are exposed to high arsenic concentrations and consequently risk getting ill or even die as a result of arsenic poisoning. There are several efficient technologies for the removal of arsenic but often these methods have disadvantages, e.g. high costs for installation and/or operation, the need for chemicals or the production of arsenic contaminated filter sludge. These disadvantages can make the application difficult, especially in poor regions. Under suitable ancillary conditions the subterranean (in-situ) treatment, which is often used for iron and manganese removal from groundwater, can also be applied for the removal of arsenic and can be a cost-effective treatment technology. A field trial was carried out with a low-cost in-situ treatment plant in West Bengal/India which is described in this paper, in order to investigate whether this treatment technology is also applicable under the boundary conditions there. As for the in-situ treatment technology besides oxygen no additives are required and no arsenic contaminated filter sludge is produced this technology could be a suitable method for arsenic removal especially in poor regions.

scholarly journals Application of Factorial Design for the Optimization of Hexavalent Chromium Removal Using a New Low-cost Adsorbent: Adsorption Isotherms, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1247-1262
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

This research work involved using factorial experimental design techniques to investigate the adsorption of hexavalent chromium from an aqueous solution on medlar activated carbon. A 24 full factorial experimental design was employed to determine the optimum values and degree of importance of parameters: pH, initial Cr (VI) concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time at two levels. The optimized conditions for hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) removal were at initial pH 1.5, 5 mg.L−1Cr (VI), adsorbent dose 6 mg, and 60 min adsorption time. The results predicted a good agreement between the predicted values (R2= 0.9909), as obtained by the model, and the experimental value (R2= 0.9977). The main effects and interaction effects were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), F-test and P-values to define the most important process variables affecting Cr (VI) adsorption. The most significant variables were therefore the pH of the solution and the adsorbent dose. Therefore, the present results demonstrate that medlar activated carbon should be regarded as a low-cost alternative for removing Cr (VI) from an aqueous solution. The adsorption data were evaluated by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The results showed that the Langmuir isotherm model best describes the equilibrium adsorption with a high correlation coefficient.

scholarly journals Removal of inorganic arsenic from aqueous solution by Fe-modified ceramsite: batch studies and remediation trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yin ◽  
Gaoyang Xu ◽  
Linlin Li ◽  
Chunlei Qiao ◽  
Yihua Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Batch Studies

Abstract During sediment remediation, adsorbents addition is an effective technology for the removal of contaminants but the cost is often high. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent, ceramsite that made from contaminated riverbed sediment was synthesized. The Fe-modified ceramsite (FMC) was used as adsorbents to remove arsenate from aqueous solutions and reduce the inorganic arsenic release from contaminated sediments. Kinetic studies showed that chemisorption mainly governed the adsorption process while batch studies yielded theoretical adsorption capacity for arsenate of 10.63 mg/g at pH = 7 condition. Co-existing anions and pH have no significant impact on the adsorption process. In the regeneration studies, 91, 86, and 80% of the adsorption capacity were recovered in 3 cycles. In-situ remediation trials revealed that the addition of the adsorbent to sediment surface significantly reduced the release of inorganic arsenic into aqueous system, with a reduction efficiency of 86%. Furthermore, the species of the arsenic in the surface layer was significantly inactivated from an active state to a stable state. These findings highlight the application of the FMC as a facile and cost-effective adsorbent for containment of arsenic in solutions and sediments, demonstrating that they are highly applicable for practical cases.

scholarly journals SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION OF TETRACYCLINE AND AMOXICILLIN BY CLADOPHORA AND SPIRULINA ALGAE BIOMASS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1290-1303
Author(s):  
I. N. Abd ◽  
M. J. Mohammed-Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Biomass Dosage

Adsorption studies were performed at different initial Tetracycline (TC) and Amoxicillin (AMO) concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH.  In the batch mode were investigated. The optimum pH of solutions is 6.5 for TC and 5 for AMO, agitation speed 200 rpm and concentration 50 ppm. The results in FTIR showed that there were -OH and amides (N-H) and other functional groups on the surface of Cladophora and Spirulina algae. The equilibrium isotherm data were modeled with Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm models. The data best fitted with the Langmuir model. The maximal adsorption capacity from the Langmuir model was (9.86, 20. 5 mg/g) for TC and (7.89, 17.4 mg/g) for AMO on Cladophora and Spirulina algae, respectively. Finally, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was best fitted the experimental kinetic data of TC and AMO onto Cladophora and Spirulina algae biomass with a high coefficient of determination between 0.97 and 0.99.    Cladophora and Spirulina algae, low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbents, can be used to adsorb the TC and AMO from the solution.

A Review on Bioethanol Production from the Orange Peel Waste (OPW) Using Cellulolytic Soil Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 662-674
Author(s):  
Vani B S ◽  
Dr. Sindhu Anoop
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Orange Peel Waste ◽  
The Cost

To avoid economic impact and environmental effect of agricultural waste, the reuse of the agricultural waste is needed. For this purpose, the naturally available cheap soil microorganisms with potential application can be used. Many soil microbes have cellulase enzyme which can act on lignocellulosic waste material. The current research on producing bioethanol are aimed to reduce the production cost using low-cost substrates and enzymes. In line with this, in this study the orange peel waste will be used to produce bioethanol using the soil isolated microorganisms in the cost-effective way.

scholarly journals Highly efficient Cd(II) adsorption using mercapto-modified bentonite as a novel adsorbent: an experimental design application based on response surface methodology for optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ümit Ecer ◽  
Şakir Yılmaz ◽  
Tekin Şahan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Data

Abstract We report the optimization with response surface methodology (RSM) for adsorption conditions required for removal of Cd(II) from an aqueous environment with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane-modified bentonite (MMB). Central composite design (CCD) in RSM was used to optimize the most significant adsorption variables of initial pH, temperature (°C), initial Cd(II) concentration (Co, mg L−1) and adsorbent dosage (g). With the quadratic model equation obtained from CCD, the optimum values were determined as initial pH 6.40, temperature 20 °C, Co 49.55 mg L−1 and adsorbent dosage 0.17 g. Under optimum conditions, the optimum adsorption amount of Cd(II) was 27.55 mg Cd(II)/g adsorbent and adsorption yield was 94.52%. The obtained results showed that the Langmuir and Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherms were more suitable for adsorption equilibrium data. The kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was fitted to the adsorption kinetic data. Additionally, thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. As a result, MMB can be chosen as an effective adsorbent for treating heavy metals such as Cd(II) in wastewater and removing them from aqueous solutions. Furthermore, it is thought that it will positively contribute to the literature since the adsorbent-adsorbate combination (MMB-Cd(II)) is used for the first time.

scholarly journals Ultrasound–acid modified Merremia vitifolia biomass for the biosorption of herbicide 2,4-D from aqueous solution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meethale Theruvinthalakkal Aswani ◽  
Manoj Yadav ◽  
Amgoth Vinod Kumar ◽  
Shashank Tiwari ◽  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Diffusion Limitations ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Batch Biosorption ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract In this work, a biosorbent was prepared by the ultrasound–acid treatment of Merremia vitifolia plant and tested for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a phenoxy herbicide. Optimal values of five batch biosorption parameters namely stirring speed, contact time, biosorbent dosage, initial pH and initial adsorbate concentration were experimentally obtained in sequential manner for an enhanced biosorption capacity. The kinetics of the biosorption of 2,4-D were best described by the pseudo first order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99) and the biosorption equilibrium data was successfully fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.99) with a maximum biosorption capacity of 66.93 mg g−1. The mechanism of biosorption was investigated using two intraparticle diffusion models (Weber and Boyd), Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model and electrostatic interactions. The presence of intraparticle and film diffusion limitations for the biosorption was confirmed along with the physical and chemical nature of the biosorption. The thermodynamic parameters of the biosorption were calculated using the equilibrium data obtained at four different temperatures. The entropy change for biosorption was found to be negative indicating the decreased randomness at the interface. Desorption studies were carried out using different solvents and the percentages of desorption were compared.

Adsorption Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies of Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Oil Palm Leaves

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ◽  
Mohd Rafatullah ◽  
Rokiah Hashim ◽  
Anees Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Layer Adsorption ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Different Temperatures

Oil palm leaf powders (OPLP), an agricultural waste material, were used as new non-conventional and low-cost adsorbents for the removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution. Batch studies were performed to evaluate and optimize the effects of various parameters such as contact time, pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentrations and adsorbent dosage. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures. The experimental data fit well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating thereby the mono layer adsorption of the copper (II) ions. The monolayer sorption capacity of OPLP for copper (II) ions was found to be 11.22 mg/g at 30 °C. The thermodynamic parameters like standard free energy, standard enthalpy, and standard entropy changes for the adsorption of copper (II) ions have also been computed and discussed. The heat of adsorption [?H° = -39.84 kJ/mol] implied that the adsorption was exothermic in nature.

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