scholarly journals Modeling the Dynamics of Human Liver Failure Post Liver Resection

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babita Verma ◽  
Pushpavanam Subramaniam ◽  
Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Remnant Liver ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treat Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fraction

Liver resection is an important clinical intervention to treat liver disease. Following liver resection, patients exhibit a wide range of outcomes including normal recovery, suppressed recovery, or liver failure, depending on the regenerative capacity of the remnant liver. The objective of this work is to study the distinct patient outcomes post hepatectomy and determine the processes that are accountable for liver failure. Our model based approach shows that cell death is one of the important processes but not the sole controlling process responsible for liver failure. Additionally, our simulations showed wide variation in the timescale of liver failure that is consistent with the clinically observed timescales of post hepatectomy liver failure scenarios. Liver failure can take place either instantaneously or after a certain delay. We analyzed a virtual patient cohort and concluded that remnant liver fraction is a key regulator of the timescale of liver failure, with higher remnant liver fraction leading to longer time delay prior to failure. Our results suggest that, for a given remnant liver fraction, modulating a combination of cell death controlling parameters and metabolic load may help shift the clinical outcome away from post hepatectomy liver failure towards normal recovery.

mTOR-Dependent Suppression of Remnant Liver Regeneration in Liver Failure After Massive Liver Resection in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2718-2729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Xin Zhang ◽  
Chong Hui Li ◽  
Ai Qun Zhang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Yan Hua Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Resection ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Remnant Liver

Different cell death mechanisms are triggered by acute or chronic right heart failure-induced liver failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Herzer ◽  
G Kneiseler ◽  
F Post ◽  
M Schlattjan ◽  
T Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms

Reverse Screening Bioinformatics Approach to Identify Potential Anti Breast Cancer Targets Using Thymoquinone from Neutraceuticals Black Cumin Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Sundaravadivelu ◽  
Sonia K. Raj ◽  
Banupriya S. Kumar ◽  
Poornima Arumugamand ◽  
Padma P. Ragunathan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Functional foods, neutraceuticals and natural antioxidants have established their potential roles in the protection of human health and diseases. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive component of Nigella sativa seeds (black cumin seeds), a plant derived neutraceutical was used by ancient Egyptians because of their ability to cure a variety of health conditions and used as a dietary food supplement. Owing to its multi targeting nature, TQ interferes with a wide range of tumorigenic processes and counteracts carcinogenesis, malignant growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Additionally, TQ can specifically sensitize tumor cells towards conventional cancer treatments (e.g., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) and simultaneously minimize therapy-associated toxic effects in normal cells besides being cost effective and safe. TQ was found to play a protective role when given along with chemotherapeutic agents to normal cells. Methods: In the present study, reverse in silico docking approach was used to search for potential molecular targets for cancer therapy. Various metastatic and apoptotic targets were docked with the target ligand. TQ was also tested for its anticancer activities for its ability to cause cell death, arrest cell cycle and ability to inhibit PARP gene expression. Results: In silico docking studies showed that TQ effectively docked metastatic targets MMPs and other apoptotic and cell proliferation targets EGFR. They were able to bring about cell death mediated by apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in the late apoptotic stage and induce DNA damage too. TQ effectively down regulated PARP gene expression which can lead to enhanced cancer cell death. Conclusion: Thymoquinone a neutraceutical can be employed as a new therapeutic agent to target triple negative breast cancer which is otherwise difficult to treat as there are no receptors on them. Can be employed along with standard chemotherapeutic drugs to treat breast cancer as a combinatorial therapy.

scholarly journals Individual Expression of Hepatitis A Virus 3C Protease Induces Ferroptosis in Human Cells In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7906
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Komissarov ◽  
Maria A. Karaseva ◽  
Marina P. Roschina ◽  
Andrey V. Shubin ◽  
Nataliya A. Lunina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
3C Protease ◽  
Wide Range

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a fundamental process common to nearly all living beings and essential for the development and tissue homeostasis in animals and humans. A wide range of molecules can induce RCD, including a number of viral proteolytic enzymes. To date, numerous data indicate that picornaviral 3C proteases can induce RCD. In most reported cases, these proteases induce classical caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, the human hepatitis A virus 3C protease (3Cpro) has recently been shown to cause caspase-independent cell death accompanied by previously undescribed features. Here, we expressed 3Cpro in HEK293, HeLa, and A549 human cell lines to characterize 3Cpro-induced cell death morphologically and biochemically using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We found that dead cells demonstrated necrosis-like morphological changes including permeabilization of the plasma membrane, loss of mitochondrial potential, as well as mitochondria and nuclei swelling. Additionally, we showed that 3Cpro-induced cell death was efficiently blocked by ferroptosis inhibitors and was accompanied by intense lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these results indicate that 3Cpro induces ferroptosis upon its individual expression in human cells. This is the first demonstration that a proteolytic enzyme can induce ferroptosis, the recently discovered and actively studied type of RCD.

scholarly journals Does Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reduce Posthepatectomy Liver Failure?

HPB ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S159
Author(s):  
Y. Uemoto ◽  
K. Taura ◽  
T. Nishio ◽  
Y. Kimura ◽  
N. Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Laparoscopic Liver Resection ◽  
Posthepatectomy Liver Failure

scholarly journals Cochlear Implant Research and Development in the Twenty-first Century: A Critical Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-508
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Tobias Goehring
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Directional Microphones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractCochlear implants (CIs) are the world’s most successful sensory prosthesis and have been the subject of intense research and development in recent decades. We critically review the progress in CI research, and its success in improving patient outcomes, from the turn of the century to the present day. The review focuses on the processing, stimulation, and audiological methods that have been used to try to improve speech perception by human CI listeners, and on fundamental new insights in the response of the auditory system to electrical stimulation. The introduction of directional microphones and of new noise reduction and pre-processing algorithms has produced robust and sometimes substantial improvements. Novel speech-processing algorithms, the use of current-focusing methods, and individualised (patient-by-patient) deactivation of subsets of electrodes have produced more modest improvements. We argue that incremental advances have and will continue to be made, that collectively these may substantially improve patient outcomes, but that the modest size of each individual advance will require greater attention to experimental design and power. We also briefly discuss the potential and limitations of promising technologies that are currently being developed in animal models, and suggest strategies for researchers to collectively maximise the potential of CIs to improve hearing in a wide range of listening situations.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary treatment of left hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after hepatobiliary resection for gallbladder cancer: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryusei Yamamoto ◽  
Teiichi Sugiura ◽  
Yukiyasu Okamura ◽  
Takaaki Ito ◽  
Yusuke Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Remnant Liver ◽  
Left Hepatic Artery ◽  
Artery Pseudoaneurysm ◽  
Hepatobiliary Resection ◽  
Portal Vein Arterialization ◽  
Arterial Inflow

Abstract Background When a postoperative hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm develops after massive hepatectomy, both an intervention for the pseudoaneurysm and patency of hepatic artery should be considered because occlusion of the residual hepatic artery results in critical liver failure. However, the treatment strategy for a pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery after hepatobiliary resection is not well established. Case presentation A 65-year-old woman underwent right hepatectomy, extrahepatic duct resection, and portal vein resection, for gallbladder cancer. Although the patient had an uneventful postoperative course, computed tomography on postoperative day 6 showed a 6-mm pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery. Angiography revealed the pseudoaneurysm located on the bifurcation of the left hepatic artery to the segment 2 artery plus the segment 3 artery and 4 artery. Stent placement in the left hepatic artery was not feasible because the artery was too narrow, and coiling of the pseudoaneurysm was associated with a risk of occluding the left hepatic artery and inducing critical liver failure. Therefore, portal vein arterialization constructed by anastomosing the ileocecal artery and vein was performed prior to embolization of the pseudoaneurysm to maintain the oxygen level of the remnant liver, even if the left hepatic artery was accidentally occluded. The pseudoaneurysm was selectively embolized without occlusion of the left hepatic artery, and the postoperative laboratory data were within normal limits. Although uncontrollable ascites due to portal hypertension occurred, embolization of the ileocolic shunt rapidly resolved it. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 45. Conclusion Portal vein arterialization prior to embolization of the aneurysm may be a feasible therapeutic strategy for a pseudoaneurysm that develops after hepatectomy for hepatobiliary malignancy to guarantee arterial inflow to the remnant liver. Early embolization of arterioportal shunting after confirmation of arterial inflow to the liver should be performed to prevent morbidity induced by portal hypertension.

scholarly journals Assessment of Future Remnant Liver Function Using Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in Patients Undergoing Major Liver Resection

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmar de Graaf ◽  
Krijn P. van Lienden ◽  
Sander Dinant ◽  
Joris J. T. H. Roelofs ◽  
Olivier R. C. Busch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Resection ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy ◽  
Remnant Liver ◽  
Future Remnant Liver ◽  
Major Liver Resection ◽  
Remnant Liver Function
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