scholarly journals Performance of Fly Ash-Based Inorganic Polymer Mortar with Petroleum Sludge Ash

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4143
Author(s):  
Mubarak Usman Kankia ◽  
Lavania Baloo ◽  
Nasiru Danlami ◽  
Bashar S. Mohammed ◽  
Sani Haruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Petroleum Sludge ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Polymer Mortar ◽  
Sludge Ash

Petroleum sludge is a waste product resulting from petroleum industries and it is a major source of environmental pollution. Therefore, developing strategies aimed at reducing its environmental impact and enhance cleaner production are crucial for environmental mortar. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in designing the experimental work. The variables considered were the amount of petroleum sludge ash (PSA) in weight percent and the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, while the concentration of sodium hydroxide was kept constant in the production of geopolymer mortar cured at a temperature of 60 °C for 20 h. The effects of PSA on density, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, drying shrinkage, morphology, and pore size distribution were investigated. The addition of PSA in the mortar enhanced the mechanical properties significantly at an early age and 28 days of curing. Thus, PSA could be used as a precursor material in the production of geopolymer mortar for green construction sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the influence of PSA in geopolymer mortar.

Effect of Steel and Alkaline-Resistance Glass Fibre on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafiz Ahmad ◽  
Hanizam Awang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Steel Fibre ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Alkaline Resistance ◽  
Foamed Concrete

This paper investigates the effect of steel fibre and alkaline-resistance glass fibre lightweight foamed concrete with fly ash inclusion towards mechanical and durability properties. The lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) with a density of 1000 kg/m3with constant water sand ratio of 1: 1:5 and water cement ratio of 0.45 was cast and tested. Steel and alkaline-resistance glass fibres were used as additives and 30% of cement was replaced by fly ash. Detail experiments were setup to study the behaviour and reaction of additives which is expected to give different results on mechanical and durability properties of LFC. Compared to AR-glass fibre, steel fibre has greater contribution in terms of mechanical properties. SFLFC resulted as the most effective approach for compressive, flexural, tensile split and water absorption with strength 6.13 N/mm2, 1.96 N/mm2, 1.52 N/mm2and lowest water absorption at 6.5% respectively. On the other hand, AR-glass fibre is better in controlling drying shrinkage which leads to controlling the cracking at early age. Fly ash does not change the mechanical properties and durability due to unprocessed stage to its finer forms.

Drying Shrinkage Performance of Ambient Cured Blended Alkali-Activated Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Fatima Yousuf ◽  
M. Talha Junaid ◽  
Salah Altoubat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Curing Regimes ◽  
Alkali Activated Concrete ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Significant Attention

The environmental burden due to the production and use of Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) has become significant in terms of resource use and atmospheric emissions. Alkali-activatedbinders have gained significant attention in recent years as a possible alternative to OPC. Concreteundergoes physical and chemical changes through its lifetime. These changes affect propertiesresulting in either increase or decrease of performance and serviceability. Concrete contracts due tothese changes leading to shrinkage. Shrinkage induces tensile stresses within the members, whichleads to a tendency of cracking, resulting in compromised durability. Shrinkage behavior analysis ofAlkali-Activated Concrete (AAC), without any external loading, is crucial to assess as there is limiteddata available. To further test for shrinkage under restraint conditions, mix development of AAC isnecessary. Mechanical properties and drying shrinkage potential of AAC are evaluated and comparedwith OPC concrete. Basic properties assessed to understand the performance of AAC are compressivestrength, splitting tensile strength and free drying shrinkage. Drying shrinkage test is performed as perASTM C157 for 90 days. Furthermore, the effect of different curing regimes (dry curing, three daysmoist curing, and seven days moist curing) on the mechanical properties and shrinkage is evaluated.The results show that drying shrinkage of AAC exhibit similar behavior to that of OPC concrete whilehaving better early-age strength under moist curing regimes.

Research of Mechanical Properties of Concretes as Cement-Based Porous Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 322-325
Author(s):  
Ling Yun Meng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Repulsive Force ◽  
Shrinkage Stress ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Drying Shrinkage Stress ◽  
Over Time

Abstract: The concrete as a porous cement-based material is widely used in practice. The analysis of the basic reason why the drying shrinkage stress develops in concrete at early age is made by using the principal of the equilibrium between capillary water repulsive force and molecular attracting force. The model for computing the drying shrinkage stress for nonbinding concrete is presented by relating the capillary water pressure to relative humidity. Based on it ,the model for concrete fully restrained is given. The measurement of the drying shrinkage stress and depth of cracks caused by the drying shrinkage stress is made by using translation symmetric theorem and adopting dog-shaped specimens, and the analysis of changes in depth of cracks over time for two kinds of specimens is made. using the method of comparison ,the comparison of the gradient of the drying shrinkage stress for two kinds of specimens is made ,and it comes to the conclusion that the median drying shrinkage stress in the concrete fully restrained is higher in value by 1MPa compared to the drying shrinkage stress in non-restrained concrete

Effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties of dual phase treated vanadium steels

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
H.C. Cheng ◽  
J.R. Gong ◽  
J.G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Potential Weight

For fuel savings as well as energy and resource requirement, high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) are of particular interest to automobile industry because of the potential weight reduction which can be achieved by using thinner section of these steels to carry the same load and thus to improve the fuel mileage. Dual phase treatment has been utilized to obtain superior strength and ductility combinations compared to the HSLA of identical composition. Recently, cooling rate following heat treatment was found to be important to the tensile properties of the dual phase steels. In this paper, we report the results of the investigation of cooling rate on the microstructures and mechanical properties of several vanadium HSLA steels.The steels with composition (in weight percent) listed below were supplied by China Steel Corporation: 1. low V steel (0.11C, 0.65Si, 1.63Mn, 0.015P, 0.008S, 0.084Aℓ, 0.004V), 2. 0.059V steel (0.13C, 0.62S1, 1.59Mn, 0.012P, 0.008S, 0.065Aℓ, 0.059V), 3. 0.10V steel (0.11C, 0.58Si, 1.58Mn, 0.017P, 0.008S, 0.068Aℓ, 0.10V).

scholarly journals Utilization of Solid Waste from Brick Industry and Hydrated Lime in Self-Compacting Cement Pastes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Mati Ullah Shah ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Usman Hanif ◽  
Iqra Naseem ◽  
Sara Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
High Degree

The huge amount of solid waste from the brick manufacturing industry can be used as a cement replacement. However, replacement exceeding 10% causes a reduction in strength due to the slowing of the pozzolanic reaction. Therefore, in this study, the pozzolanic potential of brick waste is enhanced using ultrafine brick powder with hydrated lime (HL). A total of six self-compacting paste mixes were studied. HL 2.5% by weight of binder was added in two formulations: 10% and 20% of waste burnt brick powder (WBBP), to activate the pozzolanic reaction. An increase in the water demand and setting time was observed by increasing the replacement percentage of WBBP. It was found that the mechanical properties of mixes containing 5% and 10% WBBP performed better than the control mix, while the mechanical properties of the mixes containing 20% WBBP were found to be almost equal to the control mix at 90 days. The addition of HL enhanced the early-age strength. Furthermore, WBBP formulations endorsed improvements in both durability and rheological properties, complemented by reduced early-age shrinkage. Overall, it was found that brick waste in ultrafine size has a very high degree of pozzolanic potential and can be effectively utilized as a supplementary cementitious material.

scholarly journals Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Harmaen Ahmad Saffian ◽  
Masayuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin ◽  
Khalina Abdan ◽  
Nur Kartinee Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Kenaf Core ◽  
Modified Lignin

In this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated PBS composites and its counterparts were tested for thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Weight percent gain of 4.5% after lignin modification and the FTIR spectra has confirmed the occurrence of an esterification reaction. Better thermo-mechanical properties were observed in the PBS composites reinforced with modified lignin and KCF, as higher storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded using dynamic mechanical analysis. The density of the composites fabricated ranged from 1.26 to 1.43 g/cm3. Water absorption of the composites with the addition of modified lignin is higher than that of composites with unmodified lignin. Pure PBS exhibited the highest tensile strength of 18.62 MPa. Incorporation of lignin and KCF into PBS resulted in different extents of reduction in tensile strength (15.78 to 18.60 MPa). However, PBS composite reinforced with modified lignin exhibited better tensile and flexural strength compared to its unmodified lignin counterpart. PBS composite reinforced with 30 wt% ML and 20 wt% KCF had the highest Izod impact, as fibers could diverge the cracking propagation of the matrix. The thermal conductivity value of the composites ranged from 0.0903 to 0.0983 W/mK, showing great potential as a heat insulator.

scholarly journals Monitoring the course of early-age reactions in alkali activated aluminosilicates

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02056
Author(s):  
Miloš Jerman ◽  
Vratislav Tydlitát ◽  
Robert Černý
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Flow Calorimeter ◽  
Isothermal Heat Flow Calorimeter ◽  
Alkali Activated

In this paper the reaction heat development of alkali activated aluminosilicates is studied by an isothermal heat flow calorimeter. The highest reaction activity is observed during two hours after mixing. The hydration heat power at early time is influenced mainly by the composition of tested mixtures involving ceramic dust as precursor and different amounts of sodium hydroxide and water glass as activators and by temperature.

scholarly journals Physico-mechanical properties of plywood bonded with ecological adhesives from Acacia mollissima tannins and lignosulfonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 34813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naima Rhazi ◽  
Mina Oumam ◽  
Abdessadek Sesbou ◽  
Hassan Hannache ◽  
Fatima Charrier-El Bouhtoury
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The objective of this research was to develop ecological adhesives for bonding plywood panels using lignosulfonates, a common waste product of the wood pulp industry, and natural tannin extracted from Moroccan bark of Acacia mollissima using different process. Natural tannin and lignin were used in wood adhesives formulation to substitute resins based on phenol and formaldehyde. To achieve this, the lignosulfonates were glyoxalated to enhance their reactivity and the used tannins obtained by three different extraction methods were compared with commercial mimosa tannin. The proportion of Acacia mollissima tannins and lignosulfonates, the pressing time, the pressing temperature, and the pressure used were studied to improve mechanical properties, and bonding quality of plywood panel. The properties of plywood panels produced with these adhesives were tested in accordance with normative tests. Thus, the tensile strength, and the shear strength were measured. The results showed that the performance of the plywood panels made using biobased tannin adhesives was influenced by physical conditions such as pressure, press temperature as well as by chemical conditions, such as the tannin-lignin ratio. It exhibited excellent mechanical properties comparable to commercially available phenol-formaldehyde plywood adhesives. This study showed that biobased adhesives formulations presented good and higher mechanical performance and no formaldehyde emission.

Graphite/Bio-Based Epoxy Composites: The Mechanical Properties Interface

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
Nur Munirah Abdullah ◽  
M.F.L. Abdullah ◽  
M. Izzul Faiz Idris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Graphite Content ◽  
Dispersion Condition ◽  
Strong Interfacial Bonding

Graphite reinforced bio-based epoxy composites with different particulate fractions of graphite were investigated for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break. The graphite content was varied from 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.% by weight percent in the composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites mainly depend on dispersion condition of the treated graphite filler, aggregate structure and strong interfacial bonding between treated graphite in the bio-based epoxy matrix. The composites showed improved tensile strength and elastic modulus with increase treated graphite weight loading. This also revealed the composites with increasing filler content was decreasing the elongation at break.

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