scholarly journals The Separation of Oil/Water Mixtures by Modified Melamine and Polyurethane Foams: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4142
Author(s):  
Sarah Mohammed Hailan ◽  
Deepalekshmi Ponnamma ◽  
Igor Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Pu Foams

Melamine (MA) and polyurethane (PU) foams, including both commercial sponges for daily use as well as newly synthesized foams are known for their high sorption ability of both polar and unipolar liquids. From this reason, commercial sponges are widely used for cleaning as they absorb a large amount of water, oil as well as their mixtures. These sponges do not preferentially absorb any of those components due to their balanced wettability. On the other hand, chemical and physical modifications of outer surfaces or in the bulk of the foams can significantly change their original wettability. These treatments ensure a suitable wettability of foams needed for an efficient water/oil or oil/water separation. MA and PU foams, dependently on the treatment, can be designed for both types of separations. The particular focus of this review is dealt with the separation of oil contaminants dispersed in water of various composition, however, an opposite case, namely a separation of water content from continuous oily phase is also discussed in some extent. In the former case, water is dominant, continuous phase and oil is dispersed within it at various concentrations, dependently on the source of polluted water. For example, waste waters associated with a crude oil, gas, shale gas extraction and oil refineries consist of oily impurities in the range from tens to thousands ppm [mg/L]. The efficient materials for preferential oil sorption should display significantly high hydrophobicity and oleophilicity and vice versa. This review is dealt with the various modifications of MA and PU foams for separating both oil in water and water in oil mixtures by identifying the chemical composition, porosity, morphology, and crosslinking parameters of the materials. Different functionalization strategies and modifications including the surface grafting with various functional species or by adding various nanomaterials in manipulating the surface properties and wettability are thoroughly reviewed. Despite the laboratory tests proved a multiply reuse of the foams, industrial applications are limited due to fouling problems, longer cleaning protocols and mechanical damages during performance cycles. Various strategies were proposed to resolve those bottlenecks, and they are also reviewed in this study.

An Investigation of Wavy Flow Passages on the Performance of Oil-Water Separators

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Langerman ◽  
Chenoa J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Oil Particles

Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze flow fields within channels bounded by wavy plates and assess the effects of these flow passages on the efficiency of oil-water separators. Results from this study are used to analytically assess an industry accepted result that wavy plate channel surfaces promote a more effective oil-water separation process. For this investigation, an uncoupled, two-dimensional, dispersed-phase, simulation is implemented using a commercially available computational fluid dynamics code. First, the continuous phase (water) velocity field is calculated. For comparison purposes, both fiat and wavy passages are simulated. Next, buoyant oil particles (specific gravity of 0.70 and 0.95) are superimposed as the dispersed phase at the inlet to the channel. Oil droplet diameters of 100, 200, and 300 μm, which are typical droplet diameters encountered in industrial applications, are simulated. The particle trajectories are then determined and observations made of the particle behavior near the channel walls for both channel geometries. Results show that a percentage of the particles are captured in vortices generated in the fluid within the wavy plate corrugations. As more particles are captured within these vortices, the spatial density of oil particles increases thus promoting coalescence. The coalescence results in larger oil particle diameters that, in turn, enhance separation through increased buoyancy. These results appear to substantiate industry observations regarding an increased oil-water separation efficiency using wavy channel passages. Nevertheless, more research is needed to optimize the design of the passages and better understand the coalescence phenomena.

Core–sheath structured electrospun nanofibrous membranes for oil–water separation

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 41861-41870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Ma ◽  
Qilu Zhang ◽  
Sangram Keshari Samal ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Buhong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Nanofibrous Membranes

In recent years, both the increasing frequency of oil spill accidents and the urgency to deal seriously with industrial oil-polluted water, encouraged material scientists to design highly efficient, cost effective oil–water separation technologies.

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/graphene oxide composite sponge: a robust and reusable adsorbent for efficient oil/water separation

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (45) ◽  
pp. 9224-9232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Zhao ◽  
Hongyun Chen ◽  
Huijian Ye ◽  
Bingpan Zhang ◽  
Lixin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oxide Composite ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

The development of polymer sponges with large adsorption capacity, high oil/water selectivity and mechanical stability is an effective strategy for the separation of oil from oil-polluted water.

scholarly journals A Robust PVDF-Assisted Composite Membrane for Tetracycline Degradation in Emulsion and Oil-Water Separation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3201
Author(s):  
Huijun Li ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Jiwei Wang ◽  
Xuefeng Han ◽  
Zhouqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

Tetracycline (TC) contamination in water has progressively exacerbated the environmental crisis. It is urgent to develop a feasible method to solve this pollution in water. However, polluted water often contains oil. This paper reported a glass fiber (FG)-assisted polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hybrid membrane with dual functions: high TC degradation efficiency in emulsion and oil-water separation. It can meet the catalytic degradation of tetracycline in complex water. This membrane was decorated by coating the glass fiber with PVDF solution containing hydrophilic graphene oxide hybridized NH2-MIL-101(Fe) particles. Moreover, due to its strong mechanical strength enhanced by the glass fiber, it can be reused as TC degradation catalysts for dozens of times without cracking. Thanks to the hydrophobicity of PVDF and the surface pore size of MOFs, the prepared membrane showed a good oil-water separation performance. Besides, the hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) and NH2-MIL-101(Fe) improved the membrane’s anti-fouling performance, allowing it to be reused as the separation membrane. Therefore, the outstanding stability and recoverability of the membrane make it as a fantastic candidate material for large-scale removal of TC as well as oil-water separation application.

Drying and low temperature conversion - a process combination to treat sewage sludge obtained from oil refineries

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Th. Steger ◽  
Wolfgang Meißner
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Process Combination

Sewage sludge from oil refineries poses special problems in the disposal of solid, and often hazardous waste. Drying followed by low temperature conversion (i.e., pyrolysis at 400°C) renders sludge to fuel oil and char. This process was operated in full scale, using an input of 40 tonnes. An overall oil yield of 35% and a rate of 45% of char referring to the input of dried solids was achieved during the conversion process using a sludge having 16% dried solids concentration. Halogenated organics and PAH present in the the feed sludge were reduced during the conversion process by 98.4% and 83.7% respectively. Mercury was completely removed from the fuel oil and char through adsorption to the residue of oil/water separation (centrifugal sludge). The conversion oil produced meets fuel oil standards and can be used for industrial purposes. The char produced can be used as a reducing agent in steel manufacture.

A facile preparation of cotton fabric containing hybrid poly(sodium methacrylate)/silver nanoparticles for oil removal and water disinfection

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5096-5107
Author(s):  
Yajie Ding ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Cai ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Jindan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Sodium Methacrylate

Water scarcity and pollution has become one of the most serious problems in the world. Generally, both oils and microorganisms exist in polluted water, hence multi-functional materials for the removal of diverse substances from water are desired. We reported a facile method for preparing cotton fabric possessing hybrid poly(sodium methacrylate) (pNaMAA)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for oil/water separation and water disinfection. A crosslinked pNaMAA layer was generated on the cotton surface by ultraviolet-initiated polymerization. By replacing Na+in pNaMAA molecules, Ag+was incorporated into the fabric and then was reduced to AgNPs in situ by photo-thermal reduction. Due to the high underwater oleophobicity and bactericidal effect of the pNaMAA/AgNP hybrid layer, the gravity-driven oil/water separation efficiency of the prepared fabric was higher than 99% and the bacteria killing ratio achieved nearly 100%. Furthermore, AgNPs exhibited relatively good fastness during application. Combining their excellent oil removal and water disinfection effectiveness, these textile-based materials provide a promising future in the field of point-of-use water purification.

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coatings on Filter Paper for Oil-Water Separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 492-498
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Sriram ◽  
R.K. Singh ◽  
Aditya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Filter Papers

Oil-water separation has become the prime concern for fossil fuel exploration industries. In the present study, superhydrophobic coating on filter paper was prepared to repellent water while allowing oil to flow freely from its porous structures. Coating was generated by solution-casting technique on cellulosic filter paper using silica nanoparticles (SiO2) along with silane coupler hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). The contact angle was measured, and it has shown 175.1° ± 1.5°, and the tilting angle is 1.5° ± 0.2°. The surface topography of coated and treated samples was also examined. Furthermore, thermal stability of fabricated filter papers was evaluated by annealing at a different range of temperatures (20 °C-220 °C). The pH resistance of the coatings were inspected by immersing the specimens in acidic and alkali solutions (pH 2-13). The mechanical durability was examined by tape-peeling and abrasion tests. Moreover, these samples have shown waterjet impact resistance. Filtration study was performed on coated filter papers using various oil-water mixtures of kerosene-water and petroleum ether-water and results have shown the separation efficiency of 99% and 98.5%, respectively. Thus these filter papers can have potential practical and industrial applications.

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