scholarly journals Biodegradation of Polylactic Acid-Based Bio Composites Reinforced with Chitosan and Essential Oils as Anti-Microbial Material for Food Packaging

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4019
Author(s):  
Teuku Rihayat ◽  
Agung Efriyo Hadi ◽  
Nurhanifa Aidy ◽  
Aida Safitri ◽  
Januar Parlaungan Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Maximum Temperature

This study aims to produce and investigate the potential of biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA)-based composites mixed with chitosan and Turmeric Essential Oil (TEO) as an anti-microbial biomaterial. PLA has good barrier properties for moisture, so it is suitable for use as a raw material for making packaging and is included in the GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe). Chitosan is a non-toxic and antibacterial cationic polysaccharide that needs to be improved in its ability to fight microbes. TEO must be added to increase antibacterial properties due to a large number of hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl functional groups. The samples were prepared in three different variations: 2 g of chitosan, 0 mL TEO and 0 mL glycerol (Biofilm 1), 3 g of chitosan, 0.3 mL TEO and 0.5 mL of glycerol (Biofilm 2), and 4 g of chitosan, 0.3 of TEO and 0.5 mL of glycerol (Biofilm 3). The final product was characterized by its functional group through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); the functional groups contained by the addition of TEO are C-H, C=O, O-H, and N-H with the extraction method, and as indicated by the emergence of a wide band at 3503 cm−1, turmeric essential oil interacts with the polymer matrix by creating intermolecular hydrogen bonds between their terminal hydroxyl group and the carbonyl groups of the ester moieties of both PLA and Chitosan. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of PLA as biofilms, the maximum temperature of a biofilm was observed at 315.74 °C in the variation of 4 g chitosan, 0.3 mL TEO, and 0.5 mL glycerol (Biofilm 3). Morphological conditions analyzed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the addition of TEO inside the chitosan interlayer bound chitosan molecules to produce solid particles. Chitosan and TEO showed increased anti-bacterial activity in the anti-microbial test. Furthermore, after 12 days of exposure to open areas, the biofilms generated were able to resist S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.

scholarly journals The The Effect of Concentration of Citric Acid Solution on Extraction of Pectin from Watermelon Albedo

KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
Tifa Paramitha ◽  
Tika Paramitha
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Citric Acid Solution

Watermelon albedo or the white flesh of watermelon rind contains pectin with high enough content. In this study was conducted the extraction of pectin from watermelon albedo by the liquid-solid extraction method. The citric acid solution was used as a solvent with concentrations varied by 4%, 7%, and 10%. The research steps include the pretreatment of raw material, the extraction, the posttreatment of extraction, and the analysis of pectin. The pretreatment aimed to reduce water content and reduce the size of raw material. The extraction process was the main process in which pectin dissolution occurred in the citric acid solvent. Furthermore, the posttreatment of extraction aimed to obtain pectin solid with the addition of ethanol. The final step was the analysis, including pectin yield, moisture content, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid content, and pectin functional group. Based on research obtained, an increase in the concentration of citric acid increased pectin yield, methoxyl content, and galacturonic acid content. The moisture content of pectin decreased with the increasing concentration of citric acid. Pectin yield, moisture content, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid content resulted from 10% concentration of citric acid solvent are 8.356%, 19.748%, 7.029%, and 69.048%, respectively. Based on FTIR analysis, the functional groups contained in pectin are hydroxyl group, methyl group, carbonyl group, and ether group. This functional groups are main constituents of pectin structure.

Impregnation of Cinnamon Essential Oil into Plasticised Polylactic Acid Biocomposite Film for Active Food Packaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Anuar ◽  
A. B. Nur Fatin Izzati ◽  
S. M. Sharifah Nurul Inani ◽  
M. A. Siti Nur E’zzati ◽  
A. B. Siti Munirah Salimah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Cinnamon Essential Oil ◽  
Biocomposite Film

Development of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/sodium alginate blend active film incorporated with Dracocephalum moldavica L. essential oil for food preservation

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572096215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajed Amjadi ◽  
Saghar Nouri ◽  
Roghieh Ashrafi Yorghanlou ◽  
Leila Roufegarinejad
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Active Food Packaging

The present study aimed to fabrication and characterization the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films containing different concentrations of sodium alginate (0.5, 1, and 3% v/v) and Dracocephalum moldavica L. essential oil (DEO; 1, 3 and 5% v/v) as a biodegradable active packaging system. FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction of alginate groups with the hydroxyl group of HPMC. SEM images indicated that the addition of alginate decreased the size and number of the cracks. As a result, the incorporation of alginate and DEO significantly (p < 0.05) improved the water barrier properties of films and the lowest values of water vapor permeability (.38 × 10−10 g/m·h·Pa), moisture content (6.30 ± 0.08%) and water solubility (29.49 ± 0.04%) were related to the sample containing 1.5% alginate and 5% DEO. Additionally, blending with alginate significantly (p < 0.05) improved the mechanical properties of the films and the blended film sample with 0.5% alginate showed the highest tensile strength (16.13 MPa). The blend films showed high thickness and whiteness Index. Also, the antioxidant activity of the films was enhanced by incorporation DEO and the highest DPPH scavenging activity (74.58 ± 2.31%) was attributed to the samples incorporated with 5% DEO. In conclusion, the fabricated blend film showed considerable potential for active food packaging.

scholarly journals Production of Hydrophobic Zein-Based Films Bioinspired by The Lotus Leaf Surface: Characterization and Bioactive Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís ◽  
Domingues ◽  
Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Lotus Leaf ◽  
Surface Patterns

Hydrophobic zein-based functional films incorporating licorice essential oil were successfully developed as new alternative materials for food packaging. The lotus-leaf negative template was obtained using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The complex surface patterns of the lotus leaves were transferred onto the surface of the zein-based films with high fidelity (positive replica), which validates the proposed proof-of-concept. The films were prepared by casting method and fully characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The grammage, thickness, contact angle, mechanical, optical and barrier properties of the films were measured, together with the evaluation of their biodegradability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities against common foodborne pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes). The zein-based films with the incorporation of licorice essential oil presented the typical rugosities of the lotus leaf making the surfaces very hydrophobic (water contact angle of 112.50°). In addition to having antioxidant and antibacterial properties, the films also shown to be biodegradable, making them a strong alternative to the traditional plastics used in food packaging.

scholarly journals Extraction Process and Analysis of Components in Essential Oils of Piper longum Linn. Harvested in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2639-2646
Author(s):  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Van Chi Khang ◽  
Hoang Duy Ngo ◽  
Xuan Tien Le
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Nowadays, plants containing biological activities are increasingly interested for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In particular, Pepper longum Linn. was known as one of the popular types of pepper family in Vietnam with many different uses in food and medicine. In this study, Pepper longum fruits were studied for extraction to essential oil by hydrodistillation through two survey methods such as single factor investigation method and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis results by design expert software program version 11 shown that at the condition that the ratio of water to raw material 6:1 (mL/g), during 225 min extraction at 130 ºC, the essential oil yield was obtained 0.8%. The model predicts this result for F-value, P-values and Lack of Fit are mathematically significant and values for reliability R2 = 0.9963, C.V. % =1.99. Essential oil obtained was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, which accounted that β-caryophyllene contains the highest amount among the other 43 components present.

scholarly journals Preparation of Graphite Oxide Containing Different Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups and the Study of Ammonia Gas Sensitivity

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Luo ◽  
Tongjiang Peng ◽  
Mingliang Yuan ◽  
Hongjuan Sun ◽  
Shichan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Gas Sensitivity ◽  
X Ray

A series of graphite oxide samples were prepared using the modified Hummers method. Flake graphite was used as the raw material and the reaction temperature of the aqueous solution was changed (0 °C, 30 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C). X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectral analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle tests were performed to characterize the structure, chemical bonding, type, and content of oxygen-containing functional groups of the graphite oxide samples. The results showed that the type and content of each oxygen-containing functional group could be controlled by changing the reaction temperature with the addition of water. As the temperature of the system increased, the degree of oxidation of the graphite oxide samples first increased and then decreased. Too high a temperature (100 °C) of the system led to the formation of epoxy groups by the decomposition of some hydroxyl groups in the samples, causing the reduction of oxygen-containing functional groups between the graphite layers, poor hydrophilic properties, and low moisture content. When the system temperature was 50 °C, the interlayer spacing of the graphite oxide samples was at its highest, the graphite was completely oxidized (C/O = 1.85), and the oxygen-containing functional groups were mainly composed of hydroxyl groups (accounting for approximately 28.88% of the total oxygen-containing functional groups). The high content of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups had good hydrophilic ability and showed the highest moisture content. The sample at 50 °C had better sensitivity to ammonia because of its high hydroxyl group and carboxyl group content, with the sample showing an excellent profile when the ammonia concentration was 20–60 ppm.

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