scholarly journals 4D Printing of Smart Polymer Nanocomposites: Integrating Graphene and Acrylate Based Shape Memory Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Jaydeep Chowdhury ◽  
Premnath Vijay Anirudh ◽  
Chandrasekaran Karunakaran ◽  
Vasudevan Rajmohan ◽  
Arun Tom Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Stress Surface ◽  
Graphene Nanoparticles ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Novel Applications

The ever-increasing demand for materials to have superior properties and satisfy functions in the field of soft robotics and beyond has resulted in the advent of the new field of four-dimensional (4D) printing. The ability of these materials to respond to various stimuli inspires novel applications and opens several research possibilities. In this work, we report on the 4D printing of one such Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) tBA-co-DEGDA (tert-Butyl Acrylate with diethylene glycol diacrylate). The novelty lies in establishing the relationship between the various characteristic properties (tensile stress, surface roughness, recovery time, strain fixity, and glass transition temperature) concerning the fact that the print parameters of the laser pulse frequency and print speed are governed in the micro-stereolithography (Micro SLA) method. It is found that the sample printed with a speed of 90 mm/s and 110 pulses/s possessed the best batch of properties, with shape fixity percentages of about 86.3% and recovery times as low as 6.95 s. The samples built using the optimal parameters are further subjected to the addition of graphene nanoparticles, which further enhances all the mechanical and surface properties. It has been observed that the addition of 0.3 wt.% of graphene nanoparticles provides the best results.

scholarly journals Structural multi-colour invisible inks with submicron 4D printing of shape memory polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
John You En Chan ◽  
Hailong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Shape Memory Effects ◽  
Nanoscale Structure

AbstractFour-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymer (SMP) imparts time responsive properties to 3D structures. Here, we explore 4D printing of a SMP in the submicron length scale, extending its applications to nanophononics. We report a new SMP photoresist based on Vero Clear achieving print features at a resolution of ~300 nm half pitch using two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL). Prints consisting of grids with size-tunable multi-colours enabled the study of shape memory effects to achieve large visual shifts through nanoscale structure deformation. As the nanostructures are flattened, the colours and printed information become invisible. Remarkably, the shape memory effect recovers the original surface morphology of the nanostructures along with its structural colour within seconds of heating above its glass transition temperature. The high-resolution printing and excellent reversibility in both microtopography and optical properties promises a platform for temperature-sensitive labels, information hiding for anti-counterfeiting, and tunable photonic devices.

Design and Realization of Temperature-Driven Smart Structure Based on Shape Memory Polymer in 4D Printing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiong Feng ◽  
Siyuan Zeng ◽  
Yicong Gao ◽  
Hao Zheng ◽  
Hao Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Smart Structure ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Printing Method

Abstract In the traditional 4D printing method using Shape Memory Polymer (SMP), the design process and preparation of 4d printing are complex. In this research, we proposed a design method of a temperature-driven SMP smart structure and made Realization. This smart structure also a bilayer structure use an SMP material in one printing process to realize the deformation in 4D printing. The design of the smart structure is mainly realized by parameter allocation in the printing process, such as print line width, print line height, print temperature, simulation temperature, and fill the form in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Through experimental determination and analysis of statics and thermodynamics, our method fitting out the model relationship between process parameters and the curvature and strain of smart structure. This bilayer smart structure widely applied to the self-folding. In the example stage, this paper mainly uses PLA as an SMP material for the preparation of structure. Observing that the motion behaviors of the smart structure conformed to the model measured in this paper, the average accuracy of the strategy reaches 95%.

4D Printing of a Digital Shape Memory Polymer with Tunable High Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (35) ◽  
pp. 32408-32413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Limei Huang ◽  
Huijie Song ◽  
Chujun Ni ◽  
Jingjun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
4D Printing

4D printing reconfigurable, deployable and mechanically tunable metamaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yang ◽  
Manish Boorugu ◽  
Andrew Dopp ◽  
Jie Ren ◽  
Raymond Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials

Digital 3D printing with a shape memory polymer is utilized to create mechanical metamaterials exhibiting dramatic and reversible changes in stiffness, geometry, and functions.

scholarly journals 4D printing of shape memory polymer via liquid crystal display (LCD) stereolithographic 3D printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 105305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubin Shan ◽  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Mo Hu ◽  
Shigang Qin ◽  
Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
4D Printing

Frontally polymerizable shape memory polymer for 3D printing of free-standing structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsan An ◽  
Joon Hyeok Jang ◽  
Ji Ho Youk ◽  
Woong-Ryeol Yu
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Polymerization ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Time Shape ◽  
Standing Structure ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) printing is used to describe three-dimensional (3D)-printed objects with properties that change over time. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are representative materials for 4D printing technologies. The ability to print geometrically complex, free-standing forms with SMPs is crucial for successful 4D printing. In this study, an SMP capable of frontal polymerization featuring exothermic self-propagation was synthesized by adding cyclooctene to a poly(dicyclopentadiene) network, resulting in switching segments. The rheological properties of this SMP were controlled by adjusting incubation time. A nozzle system was designed such that the SMP could be printed with simultaneous polymerization to yield a free-standing structure. The printing speed was set to 3 cm/min according to the frontal polymerization speed. A free-standing, hexagonal spiral was successfully printed and printed spiral structure showed excellent shape memory performance with a fixity ratio of about 98% and a recovery ratio of 100%, thereby demonstrating the 3D printability and shape memory performance of frontally polymerizable SMPs.

4D printing of high performance shape memory polymer using stereolithography

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ying Clarrisa Choong ◽  
Saeed Maleksaeedi ◽  
Hengky Eng ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Pei-Chen Su
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
4D Printing
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