scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Fabricated Graphene Nanoplates/Polystyrene Nanofibrous Membrane for DCMD

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3499
Author(s):  
Ahmad Abdullah ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Qahatani ◽  
Mohammed Alquraish ◽  
Colin Baily ◽  
Salah El-Mofty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Base Polymer ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Average Flux ◽  
Overall Performance

In recent decades, the fabrication of composite membranes using nanoparticles has played a vital role in membrane distillation (MD) technique. It could make available membranes with superior characteristics as excellent candidates for MD technique. The most well-known obstacles regarding the MD method are the low productivity and high cost. Thus, fabricating membranes with superior properties is a significant challenge. In the current study, a composite membrane has been fabricated using 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 weight percent (wt.%) of graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) with polystyrene (PS) as a base polymer and characterized using SEM, FTIR, and contact angle. The characterization results prove the successful fabrication using electrospinning and the validity of the fabricated membranes to be applied to direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). In addition, a DCMD experimental setup has been designed to examine the performance of the fabricated membranes and compare the performance of blank PS with composite PS/GNPs membranes. The results show that all fabricated membranes produced an approximately similar average flux of about 10 kg/m2 h, while the highest GNPs wt.% showed the highest salt rejection. Accordingly, this composite membrane has been examined at different operating parameters and showed stable performance. Moreover, feed temperature and the rate of flow have a positive impact on the overall performance of the DCMD.

Robust superhydrophobic dual layer nanofibrous composite membranes with a hierarchically structured amorphous polypropylene skin for membrane distillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 11282-11297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Deng ◽  
Peiyun Li ◽  
Kang Liu ◽  
Xuefen Wang ◽  
Benjamin S. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Layer Composite

A novel superhydrophobic aPP/PVDF dual layer composite membrane consisting of a hierarchically structured selective skin from aPP and a PVDF nanofibrous support for efficient desalination by DCMD.

Physicochemical study of polyvinylidene fluoride–Cloisite15A® composite membranes for membrane distillation application

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (108) ◽  
pp. 63367-63379 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Mokhtar ◽  
W. J. Lau ◽  
A. F. Ismail ◽  
B. C. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Physicochemical Study ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membranes ◽  
Fiber Membranes

The effect of Cloisite15A® on the physicochemical properties of PVDF hollow fiber membranes was studied. The inclusion of Cloisite15A® in PVDF has a positive impact on the physicochemical properties of the membrane and significantly improves the DCMD performance.

Performance evaluation of novel PVDF–Cloisite 15A hollow fiber composite membranes for treatment of effluents containing dyes and salts using membrane distillation

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (48) ◽  
pp. 38011-38020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Mokhtar ◽  
W. J. Lau ◽  
A. F. Ismail ◽  
W. Youravong ◽  
W. Khongnakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Hollow Fiber Composite Membrane ◽  
Cloisite 15A

Performances of a novel PVDF–Cloisite 15A hollow fiber composite membrane in treating a dyeing solution containing 50 ppm AR1 and 0.1–1.0 M NaCl.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of Fabricated Graphene Nanoplates/Polystyrene Nanofibrous Membrane for DCMD

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Abdullah ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Qahatani ◽  
Mohammed Alquraish ◽  
Colin Bailey ◽  
Ahmed El-Shazly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Porosity Characterization ◽  
Graphene Nanoplates

Membrane distillation is an active technique that provides pure water with very good rejection and could be applied to water of extremely high salinity. The low productivity of membrane distillation needs intensive efforts to be competitive with other desalination techniques. In this current study, a composite (PS/GNP) membrane, which is composed of polystyrene (PS) based and 0.25% weight percent graphene nanoplates (GNP) has been fabricated via electrospinning and compared with the blank PS membrane. SEM, FTIR, contact angle and porosity characterization have been performed, and the results show that the validity of the predefined conditions, and the contact angle of the composite membrane, which is found to be 91.68°, proved the hydrophobic nature of the composite membrane. A numerical simulation using Ansys 2020 software has been introduced to study the performance of the fabricated composite membrane when used in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The numerical model has been validated with experimental work from the literature and showed an excellent match. The blank PS and composite PS/GNP membranes have been investigated and compared at different operating conditions, i.e., hot water supply temperature and system flow rate. The results show that the composite PS/GNP membrane outperforms the blank PS membrane at all studied operating conditions.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Fabricated MWCNTs/Polystyrene Nanofibrous Membrane for DCMD

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Asmaa Elrasheedy ◽  
Mohammed Rabie ◽  
Ahmed El-Shazly ◽  
Mohamed Bassyouni ◽  
S.M.S. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Nanofibrous Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Static Water Contact Angle ◽  
Static Water

The effect of compositing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) to fabricate nanofibrous membrane by electrospinning technique and comparing the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) performance of the blank and composite membranes is evaluated numerically. Surface morphology of both the pristine and the composite membrane was studied by SEM imaging while the average fiber diameter and average pore size were measured using ImageJ software. Static water contact angle and porosities were also determined for both membranes. Results showed significant enhancement in both the hydrophobicity and porosity of the composite membrane by increasing the static water contact angle from 145.4° for the pristine PS membrane to 155° for the PS/MWCNTs composite membrane while the porosity was increased by 28%. Simulation results showed that at any given feed inlet temperature, the PS/MWCNTs membrane have higher permeate flux and better overall system performance.

Anti-oil-fouling hydrophobic-superoleophobic composite membranes for robust membrane distillation performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 133883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tang ◽  
Deyin Hou ◽  
Chunli Ding ◽  
Kunpeng Wang ◽  
Dewu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Oil Fouling

scholarly journals Caregiver Burden: Caregiving Workshops Have a Positive Impact on Those Caring for Individuals With Dementia in Arkansas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237437352110180
Author(s):  
Robin E. McAtee ◽  
Laura Spradley ◽  
Leah Tobey ◽  
Whitney Thomasson ◽  
Gohar Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Complex Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Burden Scale

Millions of Americans live with dementia. Caregivers of this population provide countless hours of multifaceted, complex care that frequently cause unrelenting stress which can result in immense burden. However, it is not fully understood what efforts can be made to reduce the stress among caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD). Therefore, the aim of this pretest–posttest designed study was to evaluate changes in caregiver burden after providing an educational intervention to those caring for PWD in Arkansas. Forty-one participants completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale before and after attending a 4-hour dementia-focused caregiving workshop. The analysis of the means, standard deviations, and paired t tests showed that there was an increase in the confidence and competence in caring for PWD 30 to 45 days after attending the workshop. Health care providers need to understand both the vital role caregivers provide in managing a PWD and the importance of the caregiver receiving education about their role as a caregiver. Utilizing caregiver educational programs is a first step.

Cascading failure with preferential redistribution on bus–subway coupled network

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150103
Author(s):  
Sonnam Jo ◽  
Liang Gao ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Menghui Li ◽  
Zhesi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Overall Performance

Robustness studies on integrated urban public transport networks have attracted growing attention in recent years due to the significant influence on the overall performance of urban transport system. In this paper, topological properties and robustness of a bus–subway coupled network in Beijing, composed of both bus and subway networks as well as their interactions, are analyzed. Three new models depicting cascading failure processes on the coupled network are proposed based on an existing binary influence modeling approach. Simulation results show that the proposed models are more accurate than the existing method in reflecting actual passenger flow redistribution in the cascading failure process. Moreover, the traffic load influence between nodes also plays a vital role in the robustness of the network. The proposed models and derived results can be utilized to improve the robustness of integrated urban public transport systems in traffic planning.

Nafion/PBI Nanofiber Composite Membranes for Fuel Cells Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzyy-Lung Leon Yu ◽  
Shih-Hao Liu ◽  
Hsiu-Li Lin ◽  
Po-Hao Su
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Nano Fiber

The PBI (poly(benzimidazole)) nano-fiber thin film with thickness of 18–30 μm is prepared by electro-spinning from a 20 wt% PBI/DMAc (N, N′-dimethyl acetamide) solution. The PBI nano-fiber thin film is then treated with a glutaraldehyde liquid for 24h at room temperature to proceed chemical crosslink reaction. The crosslink PBI nano-fiber thin film is then immersed in Nafion solutions to prepare Nafion/PBI nano-fiber composite membranes (thickness 22–34 μm). The morphology of the composite membranes is observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties, conductivity, and unit fuel cell performance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the composite membrane are investigated and compared with those of Nafion-212 membrane (thickness ∼50 μm) and Nafion/porous PTFE (poly(tetrafluoro ethylene)) composite membrane (thickness ∼22 μm). We show the present composite membrane has a similar fuel cell performance to Nafion/PTFE and a better fuel cell performance than Du Pont Nafion-212.

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