scholarly journals Effect of a Natural Processing Aid on the Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Study on Soybean Oil Fatty Acid from Seed Crop

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3459
Author(s):  
Phattarawadee Nun-anan ◽  
Chesidi Hayichelaeh ◽  
Kanoktip Boonkerd
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Higher Temperature

For the industrial production of rubber, one of the key ingredients is a processing aid. It not only facilitates the processability but also tunes the final properties of the resultant rubber. In general, for a polar rubber like acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), the processing aids earning the most attention are synthesized from petroleum, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP). However, due to their toxicity, many rubber chemists have tried to find alternative chemicals that are environmentally friendly and derived from a renewable resource. In this research, we investigated the effects of the soybean oil fatty acid (SBOFA), synthesized in house via hydrolysis of SBO, on the properties of NBR in comparison with DOP. Initially, it was found that the addition of SBOFA improved the flowability of the NBR compound, as indicated by the progressive decrease in the Mooney viscosity with increasing levels of SBOFA. The results from various techniques indicated that the crosslink density of the NBR vulcanizates passed through the maximum at the SBOFA loading of 4 phr. Upon loading SBOFA up to 4 phr, there was no significant deterioration in the mechanical strength of the SBOFA-plasticized NBR vulcanizates. Typically, the presence of SBOFA at 4 phr enhanced the thermal resistance of the NBR vulcanizate by shifting the thermal decomposition to a higher temperature. At a given loading, it was found that the SBOFA-plasticized NBR vulcanizate showed a comparable plasticizing efficiency and mechanical strength with the DOP-plasticized one. The result from this study shows that SBOFA is a good alternative sustainable eco-friendly processing aid to use for NBR.

FUNCTIONALIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE RUBBER WITH META-PENTADECENYL PHENOL, A MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVE AND A RENEWABLE RESOURCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Samantarai ◽  
Denial Mahata ◽  
Ahindra Nag ◽  
Golok B. Nando ◽  
Narayan C. Das
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Flow Behavior Index ◽  
Multifunctional Additive ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Index Value

ABSTRACT The present invention deals with the functionalization of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) by chemically grafting meta-pentadecenyl phenol (cardanol) onto the backbone chain. This imparts inherent multifunctional characteristics to the nitrile rubber. The grafting of cardanol onto NBR was accomplished successfully in emulsion stage using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a free radical initiator. The grafted NBR is characterized by ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Cardanol grafted NBR (CGNBR) shows an increase in molecular weight (6.6%) with an increase in polydispersity index value. The optimal conditions of grafting are found out to be, “1 phr BPO, 15 phr cardanol, at a reaction temperature of 60 °C and a reaction time 10 h” by using the “Taguchi L9 orthogonal array” method. The grafting efficiency and percentage grafting are calculated to be 79.2% and 7.1%, respectively, at the optimum combination of parameters. The CGNBR shows an increase in molecular weight and reduction in Wallace plasticity number as well as Mooney viscosity, but exhibits a higher plasticity retention index value, as compared to ungrafted NBR. The rheological characteristics of CGNBR exhibit a better flow behavior index than NBR. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis results exhibit a decrease in Tg value for grafted NBR. Thermogravimetric analysis results displayed an increase in thermal stability of the functionalized NBR than that of raw NBR.

PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF META-PENTADECENYL PHENOL FUNCTIONALIZED ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE RUBBER NANOCLAY COMPOSITES

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Samantarai ◽  
Ahindra Nag ◽  
Nitesh Singh ◽  
Debabrata Dash ◽  
Golok B. Nando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Free Radical Initiator

ABSTRACT The physico-mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of meta-pentadecenyl phenol (cardanol) functionalized acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (CGNBR) composites containing sodium montmorillonite clay were determined via studies on the functionalization of NBR by grafting cardanol onto its backbone main chain in the latex stage using benzoyl peroxide as a free radical initiator. Results show an improvement in technical properties for functionalized NBR nanocomposites over the NBR nanocomposite. Air and ASTM 3 oil aging studies at 100 °C confirmed an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in elongation at break for CGNBR compared to the dioctyl phthalate plasticized NBR nanocomposite. Fire and flame retardancy studies showed an increased limiting oxygen index for functionalized NBR over the NBR nanoclay composite. Results delineate the method of preparation and characterization of functionalized NBR and oil plasticized NBR nanoclay composites to achieve an improved oil resistance effect for functionalized NBR over NBR nanocomposite.

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