scholarly journals Sandwich Structures Reflecting Thermal Radiation Produced by the Human Body

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3309
Author(s):  
Jiří Militký ◽  
Dana Křemenáková ◽  
Mohanapriya Venkataraman ◽  
Josef Večerník ◽  
Lenka Martínková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Shape Stability ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Functional Textiles ◽  
Reflecting Surface

Far infrared (FIR) textiles are a new category of functional textiles that have presumptive health and well-being functionality and are closely related to human thermo-physiological comfort. FIR exerts strong rotational and vibrational effects at the molecular level, with the potential to be biologically beneficial. In general, after absorbing either sunlight or heat from the human body, FIR textiles are designed to transform the energy into FIR radiation with a wavelength of 4–14 μm and pass it back to the human body. FIR textiles can meet increased demand for light, warm, comfortable, and healthy clothing. The main aim of this research is to describe the procedure for creating the FIR reflective textile layer as part of multilayer textile structures that have enhanced thermal protection. To develop the active FIR reflecting surface, the deposition of copper nanolayer on lightweight polyester nonwoven structure Milife, which has beneficial properties of low fiber diameters, good shape stability and comfort, was used. This FIR reflective layer was used as an active component of sandwiches composed of the outer layer, insulation layer, active layer, and inner layer. The suitable types of individual layers were based on their morphology, air permeability, spectral characteristics in the infra-red region, and thermal properties. Reflectivity, transmittance, and emissivity were evaluated from IR measurements. Human skin thermal behavior and the prediction of radiation from the human body dependent on ambient conditions and metabolic rate are also mentioned. The FIR reflective textile layer created, as part of multilayer textile structures, was observed to have enhanced thermal protection.

scholarly journals Effect of perspired moisture and material properties on evaporative cooling and thermal protection of the clothed human body exposed to radiant heat

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (18) ◽  
pp. 3663-3676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manhao Guan ◽  
Agnes Psikuta ◽  
Martin Camenzind ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Sumit Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Active Liquid

Perspired moisture plays a crucial role in the thermal physiology and protection of the human body wearing thermal protective clothing. Until now, the role of continuous sweating on heat transfer, when simultaneously considering internal and external heat sources, has not been well-investigated. To bridge this gap, a sweating torso manikin with 12 thermal protective fabric systems and a radiant heat panel were applied to mimic firefighting. The results demonstrated how the effect of radiant heat on heat dissipation interacted with amount of perspired moisture and material properties. A dual effect of perspired moisture was demonstrated. For hydrophilic materials, sweating induced evaporative cooling but also increased radiant heat gain. For hydrophilic station uniforms, the increment of radiant heat gain due to perspired moisture was about 11% of the increase of heat dissipation. On the other hand, perspired moisture can increase evaporative cooling and decrease radiant heat gain for hydrophobic materials. In addition to fabric thermal resistance ( Rct) and evaporative resistance ( Ret), material hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, emissivity and thickness are important when assessing metabolic heat dissipation and radiant heat gain with profuse sweating under radiant heat. The results provide experimental evidence that Rct and Ret, the general indicators of the clothing thermo-physiological effect, have limitations in characterizing thermal comfort and heat strain during active liquid sweating in radiant heat. This paper offers a more complete insight into clothing thermal characteristics and human thermal behaviors under radiant heat, contributing to the accurate evaluation of thermal stress for occupational and general individuals.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DIET LINE PROVISIONS OF CHARAKA SAMHITA: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
Raju Kumar ◽  
Vijay Shankar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Spiritual Well Being

Ahara is the foremost factor among all which sustain the life and maintain the normal physiological functioning of the human body and comprises the basic most cause of life. Provide longevity, complexion, satisfaction, strength, nourishment, growth and development also imparts mental as well as spiritual well-being. That is why in Ayurveda it is considered that healthy nutrition nourishes the body, mind and soul, through which a person can afford to perform all the activities which lead to happiness, heaven and salvation. But without knowing the proper dietary guidelines one cannot gain adequate nutrition and hence optimum benefits from the food. That is why it is important to awake people about the importance of dietary discipline. Otherwise from the beginning, it has to be seen that the dietary unconcern comprises the susceptibility to several diseases. Hence in Ayurveda, there are many guidelines related to diet and its contents are given which govern the adequate nutritional profile for a healthy life. Such diet line provisions are more precisely prescribed in Charka Samhita Vimana Sthana called the Ahara Vidhi Vidhana.

Gravidanotherapy

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1078-1090
Author(s):  
M. E. Vinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Subjective Improvement ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

As any new method of treatment, gravidanotherapy is met with varying opinions. Some expect "miracles" from this method of treatment, believing that gravidanotherapy has found a new all-encompassing, excluding all other methods of treatment. On the other hand, there is an undeniable tendency to downplay or even completely deny the importance of gravidanotherapy. Finally, some authors consider gravidanotherapy as a method giving only subjective improvement of patients' well-being, the success of which is based on mass psychotherapy. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that gravidan, given its composition, should have a significant effect on the human body. It is only necessary that clinical observations and experimental verification give an unbiased assessment of the action of the drug and determine the place of gravidanotherapy in the arsenal of means of modern medicine.

Buddhism and Medicine in Japan

Buddhism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Japanese History ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Health And Healing ◽  
Medical Traditions

Japan’s long engagement with Buddhist ideas about rebirth, the human body, and healing has resulted in diverse forms of thought and practice about these issues that have persisted throughout the ebbs and flows of Japanese history. After Buddhism was introduced to Japan from Korea in the 6th century, a wealth of Buddhist scriptures, treatises, and commentaries, translated from Sanskrit and other Central Asian languages into Chinese, began to arrive from the continent. These scholarly texts often addressed existential issues of how to achieve enlightenment and rebirth in divine buddha-lands, and what constituted karmic obstacles to doing so. Buddhist scriptures also contained prescriptions for healing with sutra or spell recitation, talismans, and drug formulas; they recommended elaborate rites to avert disasters, epidemics, or personal physical, spiritual, and mental afflictions. Added to the indigenous Chinese and Korean medical ideas that were also transmitted to Japan throughout all historical periods, Buddhist sources dealing with illness and health, including special deities and rituals, were selectively adopted for use by Japanese Buddhist scholars, monastics, and lay practitioners based at large metropolitan and small remote temples as well as private homes and facilities. Buddhist temples in particular served as hubs accumulating special kinds of knowledge about the human body, healing, medicine, and materia medica, in addition to the ritually oriented healing. A diverse array of Buddhist practitioners specialized in collecting medicinal plants and producing drugs, copying and further adopting Indian and East Asian drug formulas and prescriptions. Some individually practiced various methods of massage, moxibustion, acupuncture, surgery, midwifery, and veterinary medicine. Virtually all practitioners of Buddhism and healing in Japan had to deal with the issue of pollution (kegare穢れ), resulting from death, childbirth, and contagious diseases. This issue and the concept of pollution, as well as various methods of its purification, played a vital role in the historical formation of healing practices, medicinal and ritual curing, and avoidance of disease in Japan. Various Buddhist denominations championed intellectual, ritual, and medical traditions of their choice. This resulted in at times subtly competing, but more often peacefully coexisting, paradigms of healing that prioritized different forms of well-being: “this-worldly” physical and mental health and stability, or karmically substantiated, “other-worldly” spiritual salvation, as well as a multitude of shades in between. This conglomerate of transculturally mediated Buddhist and East Asian ideas and practices regarding health and healing remained subject to constant adoption and change throughout Japanese history. Perhaps this is what the ambiguous Japanese term “Buddhist medicine” (bukkyō igaku仏教医学) attempts to cover. This term appears to have been coined by the Japanese scholar of Buddhism Obinata Daijō in the 1960s and further promoted by Fukunaga Katsumi 福永勝美 in the early 1970s and 1980s. Their early publications in Japanese formed intellectual premises for a new field of academic studies that has also been gaining scholarly attention in the West. This article surveys the primary and secondary sources focusing on Buddhism, medicine, and healing, mainly from the viewpoint of Japanese history and anthropology, as well as Buddhist and religious studies and art history.

scholarly journals The Influence of Thermal Protection on Winter Den Selection by Porcupines, Erethizon dorsatum, in Second-Growth Conifer Forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Todd N. Zimmerling
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Erethizon Dorsatum ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Thermal Cover

I investigated den type selection by Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), in relation to the thermal cover provided by the den type, over a period of four winters. Porcupines used log dens, stump dens and rock dens in proportion to the thermal cover provided by each den type. Based on behavioural observations of Porcupines, I assumed that the lower critical temperature for porcupines in my study area was -4°C. Both stump and rock dens provided adequate thermal protection, under most ambient conditions, to allow Porcupines to maintain their body temperature, without increasing basal metabolic rate. In most cases rock and stump dens maintained den temperatures above -4°C until ambient temperatures reached -12°C or lower. In contrast log dens provided poor thermal protection, even in years of thick snowcover. When ambient temperatures dropped below -4°C, den temperatures within log dens were also recorded below -4°C. Log dens were used least often by Porcupines, whereas stump and rock dens were used most often. Despite the large number of potential dens available to Porcupines within the study area, den use was generally limited to three dens per porcupine per winter. The limited use of dens by an individual porcupine during winter may be related to the energetic cost of finding a new den or it may be related to specific selection criteria used by Porcupines.

scholarly journals Impacts and effects of the use of medications by crew and passengers during air transport

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e44011125251
Author(s):  
Gilberto Gomes Soares Júnior ◽  
Omar Ayub ◽  
Jose Carlos Gasparim ◽  
Luciana Maria Malosá Sampaio ◽  
José Celso Contador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Social Contribution

During a flight, changes occur in the human body, whose possible reactions can influence the well-being and quality of health of medicine users, subject of scarce studies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impacts and effects of medication use during air transport. Through a literature review and documentary research methodology, relevant facts about the precautions that should be taken regarding the use of medication in flights were considered. As a practical contribution, some important medications and their possible effects during flights are presented, as well as some warnings about medication interactions, and some advice for better quality air travel for the health of passengers and crew are given. As a theoretical contribution, this study gathers the scattered information presented in the literature about the problems that the use of medications during a flight can cause to the human body and possible recommendations. As social contribution, this study warns about the risks of self-medication, and establishes a basis for future discussions with society about the use of medication in flights.

scholarly journals Thermal Environment of Urban Schoolyards: Current and Future Design with Respect to Children’s Thermal Comfort

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Antoniadis ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas ◽  
Dimitris Κ. Papanastasiou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort

Urban outdoor thermal conditions, and its impacts on the health and well-being for the city inhabitants have reached increased attention among biometeorological studies during the last two decades. Children are considered more sensitive and vulnerable to hot ambient conditions compared to adults, and are affected strongly by their thermal environment. One of the urban outdoor environments that children spend almost one third of their school time is the schoolyard. The aims of the present manuscript were to review studies conducted worldwide, in order to present the biophysical characteristics of the typical design of the urban schoolyard. This was done to assess, in terms of bioclimatology, the interactions between the thermal environment and the children’s body, to discuss the adverse effects of thermal environment on children, especially the case of heat stress, and to propose measures that could be applied to improve the thermal environment of schoolyards, focusing on vegetation. Human thermal comfort monitoring tools are mainly developed for adults, thus, further research is needed to adapt them to children. The schemes that are usually followed to design urban schoolyards create conditions that favour the exposure of children to excessive heat, inducing high health risks to them. The literature survey showed that typical urban schoolyard design (i.e., dense surface materials, absence of trees) triggered high surface temperatures (that may exceed 58 °C) and increased absorption of radiative heat load (that may exceed 64 °C in terms of Mean Radiant Temperature) during a clear day with intense solar radiation. Furthermore, vegetation cover has a positive impact on schoolyard’s microclimate, by improving thermal comfort and reducing heat stress perception of children. Design options for urban schoolyards and strategies that can mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress are proposed with focus on vegetation cover that affect positively their thermal environment and improve their aesthetic and functionality.

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