Effect of Modified Silica Fume Using MPTMS for the Enhanced EPDM Foam Insulation

Rudeerat Suntako

doi:10.3390/polym13172996

Effect of Modified Silica Fume Using MPTMS for the Enhanced EPDM Foam Insulation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13172996 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2996

Author(s):

Rudeerat Suntako

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Silica Fume ◽

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽

Modified Silica ◽

Maximum Torque ◽

Compression Set ◽

Silica Concentration ◽

Cure Time ◽

High Silica ◽

Surface Modified

Silica fume (SF) is a by-product from the production of silicon metal, which has a relatively high silica concentration. The surface modified silica fume (mSF) is treated with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) as filler in ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) foam. The FTIR spectra of mSF clearly indicated that MPTMS can be successfully bonded to the SF surface. The reinforcing efficiency of mSF-filled EPDM foam insulation indicated that the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, modulus, and compression set enhanced higher than in case of SF and calcium carbonate. While the cure characteristics such as the maximum torque (MH), the minimum torque (ML) and the differential torque (MH-ML) are increasing in proportion to increasing filler contents, mainly with mSF. For the cure behavior, the mSF-filled EPDM foam insulation showed the fastest cure time (tc90) and scorch time (ts2) due to reduced accelerator adsorption. Whereas, the calcium carbonate-filled EPDM foam insulation increased the cure time (tc90) and scorch time (ts2), therefore, it also prevents compound scorching. The results indicated that the mSF with MPTMS can be used as an alternative filler for EPDM foam insulation.

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Curing characteristics and mechanical and aging properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/calcium carbonate/bentonite hybrid composites

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics ◽

10.1177/0095244316663812 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 397-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurus Sakinah Che Mat ◽

Hanafi Ismail ◽

Nadras Othman

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Life ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽

Ethylene Propylene ◽

Curing Characteristics ◽

Roll Mill ◽

Cure Time ◽

Loading Ratio

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/calcium carbonate/bentonite (Bt) hybrid composites were prepared via a laboratory size two-roll mill. In this work, loading ratio of calcium carbonate to Bt was varied, that is, 30/0, 5/25, 15/15, 25/5 and 0/30 parts per hundred rubber. The effect of partial replacement of calcium carbonate with Bt on the curing characteristics, tear properties, morphology, aging and fatigue life of the hybrid composites was studied. On increasing Bt loading, cure time, scorch time and maximum torque of EPDM/calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/Bt composites decreased, whereas minimum torque increased. The tear strength and fatigue life of EPDM/CaCO3/Bt hybrid composites showed improvement with increasing Bt loading. The results also showed that the retention of aging of EPDM/CaCO3/Bt hybrid composites decreased with increasing Bt loading.

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Influence of Filler Types on Mechanical Properties and Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.646 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 264-265 ◽

pp. 646-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wittawat Wongsorat ◽

Nitinat Suppakarn ◽

Kasama Jarukumjorn

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Sisal Fiber ◽

Maximum Torque ◽

Cure Characteristics ◽

Roll Mill ◽

Fiber Treatment ◽

Cure Time

Natural rubber (NR) was reinforced with three types of filler: carbon black, calcium carbonate, and sisal fiber. NR composites were prepared on a two-roll mill. Filler content was 20 phr. Mechanical properties and cure characteristics of NR composites were studied. All NR composites had higher maximum torque than NR. NR filled with carbon black showed the highest maximum torque. However, scorch time and cure time of the NR composites were not much affected by filler types. In addition, influence of fiber treatment (alkalization) on mechanical properties and cure characteristics of sisal fiber-NR composites was investigated. Alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite exhibited higher tensile properties and hardness than untreated sisal fiber- NR composite due to improved adhesion between the fiber and NR matrix. Moreover, alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite had superior specific modulus and strength than NR composites filled with carbon black and calcium carbonate.

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Effect of micro sized marble sludge on physical properties of natural rubber composites

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq111225062a ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 281-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Khalil Ahmed ◽

Shaikh Nizami ◽

Nudrat Raza ◽

Khalid Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Maximum Torque ◽

Swelling Properties ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Compression Set ◽

Natural Rubber Composites ◽

Cure Time ◽

Swelling Coefficient ◽

Marble Waste

Marble waste as sludge is collected from Marble industry, as a way of solving the environmental problem of industrial waste. The sludge was dried, ground and passed through desire sieves (10, 15, 20, 37 and 75 ?m), This powder was characterized by the X-ray fluorescence technique and then incorporated in the formulation of NR composites with different loading of micro sized MS particles (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 parts per hundred of rubber, phr). The cure characteristics, mechanical properties and swelling properties of MS/NR composites were evaluated. Results indicate that minimum torque, maximum torque, tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, hardness, crosslink density were increased while the scorch time, cure time, cure rate, cure rate index (CRI), elongation at break, compression set, rebound resilience, abrasion loss, swelling coefficient, average molecular weight and filler-rubber interaction decrease with increasing MS loading.

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The Study on Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Blended with Recycled Nitrile Gloves (EPDM/NBRr)

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.120 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 754-755 ◽

pp. 120-124

Author(s):

Z. Norhafizah ◽

N.Z. Noriman ◽

S.T. Sam ◽

Hanafi Ismail ◽

Mohd Firdaus Omar

Keyword(s):

Polymeric Materials ◽

Crosslinking Density ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽

Maximum Torque ◽

Ethylene Propylene ◽

Curing Characteristics ◽

Cure Time ◽

Waste Rubber Powder ◽

Recycled Waste

Most of the polymeric materials blending together with recycled waste rubber powder attributed to the economical and processing advantages for product specification. Therefore, the effect of curing characteristics, hardness and crosslink density of ethylene propylene diene monomer/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (EPDM/NBRr) blends were studied. The EPDM/NBRr blends were prepared at four different compositions (95/5, 85/15, 75/25 and 65/35) with two different sizes (S1: 250-500μm and S2: 3-10cm) of NBRr. Results indicated that the scorch time t2, cure time t90, and maximum torque (MH) for both EPDM/NBRr (S1) and EPDM/NBRr (S2) decreased, but the minimum torque (ML) increased.The increase of NBRr content in EPDM/NBRr leads to the increase in hardness and consequently decreases the crosslinking density of the blends. The incorporation of 15phr of S1 recycled NBRr appeared to better overall properties.

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Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/Recycled Acrylonitrile – Butadiene Rubber Blends (EPDM/rNBR): Effect of the Addition of Bamboo Fillers

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.815.19 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 815 ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Z. Norhafizah ◽

N.Z. Noriman ◽

H. Kamarudin ◽

S.T. Sam ◽

Hanafi Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Crosslink Density ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽

Maximum Torque ◽

Blend Ratio ◽

Ethylene Propylene ◽

Rubber Blends ◽

Cure Time ◽

Minimum Torque

Cure characteristics and physical properties of EPDM/rNBR filled bamboo fillers were studied. Results indicated that the addition of bamboo fillers has significant effects on EPDM/rNBR blends. The scorch time, t2decreased up to 25 phr fillers loading but increased further to 50 phr fillers loading. Cure time, t90increases as the increase in bamboo fillers in the blends. At a similar blend ratio fine sizes bamboo fillers in EPDM/rNBR (S1: ≤125μm) exhibited higher value of t2ad t90compared to EPDM/rNBR (S2: 125-250μm & S3: 250-500μm). The minimum torque, MLalso increases with increasing bamboo fillers in the blend. Meanwhile, the maximum torque, MHof the EPDM/rNBR filled bamboo fillers were in contrast. The hardness and degree of crosslink density of the blends increased with the increase in bamboo fillers and reduce percentage of resilience at all blends. The fine sizes of bamboo fillers contributed to the better properties compared to the coarse sizes and medium sizes.

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Comparative Study of Silica-, Nanoclay- and Carbon Black-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Rubbers Treated by Ultrasound

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3548193 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 138-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haisheng Tan ◽

A. I. Isayev

Keyword(s):

Ultrasonic Treatment ◽

Frequency Measurement ◽

Measurement Range ◽

Filler Loading ◽

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽

Complex Dynamic ◽

Maximum Torque ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Storage And Loss Moduli ◽

Cure Time

Abstract The ultrasonic treatment of unfilled EPDM and silica-, nanoclay- and CB-filled EPDM mixtures was carried out using a coaxial ultrasonic extruder at various ultrasonic amplitudes. Rheological properties, morphology, cure characteristics and mechanical properties were measured. The storage and loss moduli and complex dynamic viscosity of untreated and ultrasonically treated silica-filled EPDM mixtures were significantly higher than those of the nanoclay- and CB-filled EPDM mixtures in the frequency measurement range with the Tan Delta being significantly lower than that of the nanoclay-filled EPDM mixtures. The increase of the tensile strength and elongation at break of silica-, nanoclay- and CB-filled EPDM vulcanizates was observed with increasing ultrasonic amplitude and filler loading with the values being 26.5 MPa and 1070% in treated 30 phr silica-filled vulcanizates. The hardness of all samples was slightly decreased with increasing ultrasonic amplitude with the silica-filled EPDM showing the highest values. The minimum torque of filled EPDM mixtures gradually decreased with increasing ultrasonic amplitude. Depending of filler type and loading the maximum torque showed an increase or a decrease with ultrasonic amplitude. The scorch time of silica- and CB-filled EPDM mixtures slightly increased with increasing ultrasonic amplitude. The optimum cure time of the silica- and nanoclay-filled EPDM mixtures gradually increased and the CB-filled mixtures slightly decreased with filler loading. Ultrasonic treatment of the silica-filled EPDM leads to the formation of a transition layer on the surface of agglomerates into which macromolecular chains penetrate.

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Surface modified silica gel for extraction of metal ions: an environment friendly method for waste treatment

Surface Engineering ◽

10.1179/174329405x50082 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 232-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. K. Sharma ◽

S. Mittal ◽

S. Azami ◽

A. Adholeya

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Silica Gel ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Modified Silica ◽

Modified Silica Gel ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Surface Modified

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Polyimide-Surface-Modified Silica Tubes: Preparation and Cryogenic Properties

Chemistry of Materials ◽

10.1021/cm062540m ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1939-1945 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yihe Zhang ◽

Yuanqing Li ◽

Guangtao Li ◽

Haitao Huang ◽

H. L. W. Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Modified Silica ◽

Surface Modified

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Mixing and Comparative Properties of NR Compounds Filled with Different Types of Reinforcing Fillers

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.266.172 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 266 ◽

pp. 172-176

Author(s):

Pattarawadee Maijan ◽

Nitinart Saetung ◽

Wisut Kaewsakul

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Silica Surface ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Modified Silica ◽

Reinforcing Fillers ◽

Silane Coupling ◽

Different Types ◽

Cure Time

Mixing behaviors of the compounds filled with different reinforcing fillers were studied in correlation with compound and vulcanizate properties. Four filler systems were used including: 1) silica plus small amount of silane coupling agent; 2) carbon black; 3) pre-modified silica; and 4) silica+silane-carbon black mixed one. The results have shown that silica provides longer optimum cure time and shorter cure rate than carbon black due to accelerator adsorption on silica surface. In addition, owing to highly polar nature on silica surface the silica-based compounds show rather high viscosity, attributed to stronger filler-filler interaction as can be confirmed by Payne effect and reinforcement index. However, the commercial surface treatment or pre-modified form of silica shows superior properties than in-situ modification of silica by silane during mixing, while it gives comparable properties to carbon black-based compound. Tensile properties of vulcanizates show a good correlation with the basic properties of their compounds.

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