scholarly journals Sustainable Development of Hot-Pressed All-Lignocellulose Composites—Comparing Wood Fibers and Nanofibers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Erfan Oliaei ◽  
Tom Lindström ◽  
Lars A. Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Fiber Materials

Low-porosity materials based on hot-pressed wood fibers or nanocellulose fibrils (no polymer matrix) represent a new concept for eco-friendly materials with interesting mechanical properties. For the replacement of fossil-based materials, physical properties of wood fiber materials need to be improved. In addition, the carbon footprint and cumulative energy required to produce the material also needs to be reduced compared with fossil-based composites, e.g., glass fiber composites. Lignin-containing fibers and nanofibers are of high yield and special interest for development of more sustainable materials technologies. The present mini-review provides a short analysis of the potential. Different extraction routes of lignin-containing wood fibers are discussed, different processing methods, and the properties of resulting fiber materials. Comparisons are made with analogous lignin-containing nanofiber materials, where mechanical properties and eco-indicators are emphasized. Higher lignin content may promote eco-friendly attributes and improve interfiber or interfibril bonding in fiber materials, for improved mechanical performance.

Effect of the delignification of wood fibers on the mechanical properties of wood fiber–polypropylene composites

2006 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 4759-4763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinaghi Karimi ◽  
Saleh Nazari ◽  
Ismaeil Ghasemi ◽  
Mehdi Tajvidi ◽  
Ghanbar Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Polypropylene Composites

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD-FIBER MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yur'yevich Vititnev ◽  
Yuriy Davydovich Alashkevich ◽  
Natal'ya Geral'dovna Chistova ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Marchenko ◽  
Venera Nurullovna Matygullina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
Traditional Construction

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the physical and mechanical properties of wood-fiber boards of the wet production method when regulating the design and technological parameters of the grinding process. This allowed us to determine the influence of the working clearance between the grinding discs and the concentration of fibre mass with the subject to of quality change wood fiber after defibrator using the developed construction of the disc fibrillation action on the physico-mechanical properties of boards. As a result of the experiment, regression models were obtained that adequately describe the studied grinding process and allow predicting the values of physical and mechanical properties of the finished product depending on the established  parameters process. A comparative analysis of the size and quality characteristics of the fiber semi-finished product and its fractional composition when using a developed construction the disc of refiner fibrillation action and a traditional design used in industry is carried out. The preferential efficiency of the grinding process under the fibrillating effect the disc of refiner in comparison with the traditional construction disc of refiner is established. As a result, there is a significant improvement in the quality indicators of the fiber semi-finished product and its composition due to the formation and predominance in the total mass of long and thin, respectively, flexible fibrillated fibers with high tile-forming properties, which allows to increase the strength properties of the product (by 20–25%), without using binding resins.

scholarly journals Flame Retardancy of Wood Fiber Materials Using Phosphorus-Modified Wheat Starch

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gebke ◽  
Katrin Thümmler ◽  
Rodolphe Sonnier ◽  
Sören Tech ◽  
André Wagenführ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Starch Derivatives ◽  
Fiber Materials

Biopolymer-based flame retardants (FR) are a promising approach to ensure adequate protection against fire while minimizing health and environmental risks. Only a few, however, are suitable for industrial purposes because of their poor flame retardancy, complex synthesis pathway, expensive cleaning procedures, and inappropriate application properties. In the present work, wheat starch was modified using a common phosphate/urea reaction system and tested as flame retardant additive for wood fibers. The results indicate that starch derivatives from phosphate/urea systems can reach fire protection efficiencies similar to those of commercial flame retardants currently used in the wood fiber industry. The functionalization leads to the incorporation of fire protective phosphates (up to 38 wt.%) and nitrogen groups (up to 8.3 wt.%). The lowest levels of burning in fire tests were measured with soluble additives at a phosphate content of 3.5 wt.%. Smoldering effects could be significantly reduced compared to unmodified wood fibers. The industrial processing of a starch-based flame retardant on wood insulating materials exhibits the fundamental applicability of flame retardants. These results demonstrate that starch modified from phosphate/urea-systems is a serious alternative to traditional flame retardants.

Investigation of the Fracture of Resinated Single Wood Fibers in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (Esem)

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 838-839
Author(s):  
A. Egan ◽  
S. Shaler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Single fiber fracture is important in understanding the fundamental failure mechanisms in wood/polymer composite products such as medium density fiberboard (MDF). The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of individual wood fibers has only recently been observable using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy and digital image correlation (DIC). Previous work has shown that specific areas on the fiber such as microcompressions and pits acted as crack nucelators and induce a brash fracture across the surface of the fiber. Given the development of these procedures it is now possible to observe and measure the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of the wood fiber/ polymer composite fibers.Individual black spruce wood fibers were coated with diphenylmethane 4-4'diisocyanate resin containing Hostasol Red GG. The addition of the Hostasol Red flurochrome provided the option of quantifying resin coverage by fluorescence microscopy.

scholarly journals A novel DOPO-g-KH550 modification wood fibers and its effects on the properties of composite phenolic foams

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Ma ◽  
Xiang Geng ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Chunpeng Wang ◽  
Fuxiang Chu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

Abstract A novel 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) graft γ-amino propyl triethoxy silane (KH550) was synthesized and introduced on the surface of wood fiber. Finally DOPO-g-KH550 treated wood fiber (DKTWF) was used to prepare DKTWF composite phenolic foams (DKTWFCPF). The structures of DOPO-g- KH550 was acknowledged by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The structures of DKTWF were confirmed by FT-IR. Compared with wood fiber, the diffraction peaks’ position was basically unchanged, but the crystallinity was slightly increased and thermal stability were dramatically improved, T5% and Tmax increased by 21.9o and 36.1o respectively. But the char yield (800o) was slightly reduced. With the dosage of DKWF, there were different degrees of improvement including the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and microstructure of DKTWFCPF. Comprehensive analysis, the interfacial compatibility was significantly improved between DKTWF and phenolic resin, and the suitable content of DKTWF was 4%.

scholarly journals Influence of Veneer Density on Plywood Thickness and Some Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (341) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Laimonis Kūliņš ◽  
Anete Meija ◽  
Rihards Roziņš ◽  
Kārlis Hermanis Liepa ◽  
Uldis Spulle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Symmetry Axis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Direct Production

Abstract It has been common knowledge that as the density of wood increases, the mechanical properties also improve. In turn, the density of wood depends on many factors, including the wood moisture content, location and cross-section in the trunk, the type of treatment and the parameters of technological processes. There is a great deal of research reported in the scientific literature on the effect of solid wood density on mechanical properties for different wood species as well as for structural timber. However, no research data can be found related investigation of the influence of veneer density on the properties of the birch plywood. In the present study, researching the properties of 7-ply birch plywood (thickness 9 mm), it was concluded that as the density of veneers increases, the bending properties of plywood in the direction of wood fibers (covered veneers) increases. When determining the plywood gluing quality, similar tendencies have been observed. For plywood with a lower density in all veneer plies the gluing quality (tensile-shear test) for perpendicular wood fiber veneers increases in the direction from the symmetry axis or middle veneer to the plywood outer plies, which can be explained by the fact that the outer plies become denser at the time of the hot pressing process. The results of the study will allow birch plywood manufacturers in direct production, sort veneers by density, to produce plywood with very predictable gluing quality, plywood thickness and mechanical properties in bending.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wood and Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) Reinforced Polymer Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089
Author(s):  
Zainab Al-Maqdasi ◽  
Guan Gong ◽  
Birgitha Nyström ◽  
Nazanin Emami ◽  
Roberts Joffe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

This paper investigates the utilization of commercial masterbatches of graphene nanoplatelets to improve the properties of neat polymer and wood fiber composites manufactured by conventional processing methods. The effect of aspect ratio of the graphene platelets (represented by the different number of layers in the nanoplatelet) on the properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is discussed. The composites were characterized for their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact) and physical characteristics (morphology, crystallization, and thermal stability). The effect of the addition of nanoplatelets on the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the reinforced polymer with different contents of reinforcement was also investigated. In general, the mechanical performance of the polymer was enhanced at the presence of either of the reinforcements (graphene or wood fiber). The improvement in mechanical properties of the nanocomposite was notable considering that no compatibilizer was used in the manufacturing. The use of a masterbatch can promote utilization of nano-modified polymer composites on an industrial scale without modification of the currently employed processing methods and facilities.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Durability of Polypropylene and Steel Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Aggregates Concrete (FRRAC): A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9509
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yonghui Yang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Shaowei Hu ◽  
Meiju Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
High Durability ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Fiber Materials

With the development of concrete engineering, a large amount of construction, demolition, excavation waste (CDEW) has been produced. The treated CDEW can be used as recycled aggregate to replace natural aggregate, which can not only reduce environmental pollution and construction-related resource waste caused by CDEW, but also save natural resources. However, the mechanical properties and durability of Recycled Aggregates Concrete (RAC) are generally worse than that of ordinary concrete. Various fiber or mineral materials are usually used in RAC to improve the mechanical properties and durability of the matrix. In RAC, polypropylene (PP) fiber and steel fiber (SF) are two kinds most commonly used fiber materials, which can enhance the strength and toughness of RAC and compensate the defects of RAC to some extent. In this paper, the literature on PP fiber- and SF-reinforced RAC (FRRAC) is reviewed, with a focus on the consistence, mechanical performance (compressive strength, tensile strength, stress–strain relationship, elastic modulus, and shear strength), durability (water absorption, chloride permeability, carbonation, freeze–thaw cycling, and shrinkage), and microstructure. The research findings regarding FRRAC were analyzed and compared. The results showed that adding mineral additives and fiber in RAC had a good synergistic effect, which made FRRAC have good mechanical properties, high durability and high temperature resistance, and several application prospects. The information and summary presented in this paper exhibit new knowledge and information on the application of FRRAC.

scholarly journals Valorization of Date Palm Waste for Plastic Reinforcement: Macro and Micromechanics of Flexural Strength

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Chihaoui Belgacem ◽  
Ferran Serra-Parareda ◽  
Quim Tarrés ◽  
Pere Mutjé ◽  
Marc Delgado-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Specific Property ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Date Palm Fibers ◽  
Date Palm Waste ◽  
Palm Waste

Date palm waste is an abundant agricultural residue in Tunisia and can be used for plastic reinforcement. Moreover, its use in plastic composites can help to reduce dependence on fossil resources for material production. In this work, the valorization of date palm residues was studied by employing high-yield processes following mechanical, chemical, and enzymatical treatments. Fibers obtained by soft chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide and enzymatic treatment with xylanases and pectinases were evaluated for their use in the reinforcement of plastic materials. The flexural strength property, truly relevant for structural, construction, automotive, or other market sectors, was adopted to assess the reinforcing potential of the fibers. Polypropylene was effectively reinforced with date palm fibers (60 wt.%), exhibiting a flexural strength increases of 80% (73.1 MPa), 93% (78.5 MPa), and 106% (83.9 MPa) for mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic fibers, respectively. The different treatments had an impact on the chemical composition of the fibers, and by extension on the final properties of the composites. The holocellulose content could provide good interfacial adhesion using a coupling agent, whereas the lignin content improved the dispersion of the phases. Two interesting outcomes were that the flexural performance of enzymatic fibers was like that of wood composites, whereas the specific flexural strength was comparable to that of glass fiber composites. Overall, the present work has shown the potential behind date palm waste in the composite sector when a specific property or application is desired. Novel treatments have been used for greater fiber compatibility, increasing the sustainability of the process, and improving the applicability of the palm residue.

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