scholarly journals Critical Review of Biodegradable and Bioactive Polymer Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2623
Author(s):  
Shubham Sharma ◽  
P. Sudhakara ◽  
Jujhar Singh ◽  
R. A. Ilyas ◽  
M. R. M. Asyraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Bioactive Polymers ◽  
Drug Molecules

In the determination of the bioavailability of drugs administered orally, the drugs’ solubility and permeability play a crucial role. For absorption of drug molecules and production of a pharmacological response, solubility is an important parameter that defines the concentration of the drug in systemic circulation. It is a challenging task to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs that have poor water solubility. Most drug molecules are either poorly soluble or insoluble in aqueous environments. Polymer nanocomposites are combinations of two or more different materials that possess unique characteristics and are fused together with sufficient energy in such a manner that the resultant material will have the best properties of both materials. These polymeric materials (biodegradable and other naturally bioactive polymers) are comprised of nanosized particles in a composition of other materials. A systematic search was carried out on Web of Science and SCOPUS using different keywords, and 485 records were found. After the screening and eligibility process, 88 journal articles were found to be eligible, and hence selected to be reviewed and analyzed. Biocompatible and biodegradable materials have emerged in the manufacture of therapeutic and pharmacologic devices, such as impermanent implantation and 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration and biomedical applications. Substantial effort has been made in the usage of bio-based polymers for potential pharmacologic and biomedical purposes, including targeted deliveries and drug carriers for regulated drug release. These implementations necessitate unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic, microbiological, metabolic, and degradation characteristics of the materials in order to provide prolific therapeutic treatments. As a result, a broadly diverse spectrum of natural or artificially synthesized polymers capable of enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolyzing, or enzyme decomposition are being explored for biomedical purposes. This summary examines the contemporary status of biodegradable naturally and synthetically derived polymers for biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, targeted drug discovery and delivery, implantation, and wound repair and healing. This review presents an insight into a number of the commonly used tissue engineering applications, including drug delivery carrier systems, demonstrated in the recent findings. Due to the inherent remarkable properties of biodegradable and bioactive polymers, such as their antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, certain materials have gained significant interest in recent years. These systems are also actively being researched to improve therapeutic activity and mitigate adverse consequences. In this article, we also present the main drug delivery systems reported in the literature and the main methods available to impregnate the polymeric scaffolds with drugs, their properties, and their respective benefits for tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Polymer based Drug Delivery Systems- benchtop to Bedside Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Priyanka Ray ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Stability

Research in the field of polymers and polymeric materials has garnered immense attention in the past few decades due to the versatile functional and structural capabilities of polymers which often can be manipulated for applications in the field of therapy and diagnosis for a host of diseases and disorders. Polymer therapeutics comprises polymer-drug and polymer-protein conjugates as well as supramolecular systems used as drug delivery systems. Although the pharmacological industry invests immensely in the design and discovery of novel drug molecules, small molecular drugs are often inefficient in targeting many diseases like deep seated low vasculature tumours, metastasized cancers and various autoimmune diseases. Coupled with a rapid clearance rate, low solubility, drug resistance and high off target toxicity these small molecular drugs often present modest benefits for a host of common diseases. In order to improve the therapeutic index of pre-existing drugs and shortening the translation from preclinical validation to clinical approval, a vast area of drug delivery research focuses on the improvement of drug carriers by various alterations. The major challenges currently faced by drug delivery systems include a low payload, transition through the desmoplastic barrier for solid tumours and high hepatic and renal clearance. In order to address these issues numerous polymer–protein and polymer-drug conjugates have been engineered and have reported to enhance the stability and pharmacokinetic properties of the active drugs. Highly toxic anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, cis-platin and gemcitabine have successfully been coupled with high molecular weight polymers to formulate targeted drug delivery agents, some of which have undergone successful clinical trials. Apart from PEGylated polymers, dendritic polymers and polyplexes with DNA or RNA moieties have also been considered as candidates for improving the therapeutic index of various drugs. Ongoing efforts in the development of polymer-based therapeutics are promising and open new horizons for personalized medicine for effective cure of various life-threatening diseases.

scholarly journals Functional Nanofibrous Biomaterials of Tailored Structures for Drug Delivery—A Critical Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Shunqi Mei ◽  
Yajie Dong ◽  
Fenghua She ◽  
Yongzhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymeric Nanofibers ◽  
Insight Into

Nanofibrous biomaterials have huge potential for drug delivery, due to their structural features and functions that are similar to the native extracellular matrix (ECM). A wide range of natural and polymeric materials can be employed to produce nanofibrous biomaterials. This review introduces the major natural and synthetic biomaterials for production of nanofibers that are biocompatible and biodegradable. Different technologies and their corresponding advantages and disadvantages for manufacturing nanofibrous biomaterials for drug delivery were also reported. The morphologies and structures of nanofibers can be tailor-designed and processed by carefully selecting suitable biomaterials and fabrication methods, while the functionality of nanofibrous biomaterials can be improved by modifying the surface. The loading and releasing of drug molecules, which play a significant role in the effectiveness of drug delivery, are also surveyed. This review provides insight into the fabrication of functional polymeric nanofibers for drug delivery.

Putting the fizz into chemistry: applications of supercritical carbon dioxide in tissue engineering, drug delivery and synthesis of novel block copolymers

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tai ◽  
V.K. Popov ◽  
K.M. Shakesheff ◽  
S.M. Howdle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Controlled Polymerization ◽  
Polymeric Scaffolds ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

This paper describes the recent progress at Nottingham towards the exploitation of the unique properties of scCO2 (supercritical carbon dioxide) for the preparation of polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and new devices for controlled drug delivery, as well as the synthesis of novel block copolymers by the combination of eROP (enzymatic ring opening polymerization) and controlled polymerization methods for the potential use as drug carriers.

scholarly journals Niosomal Encapsulation of Curcumin: Formulation and Characterization

2021 ◽  
pp. 300-314
Author(s):  
Deepak Singh ◽  
Prashant Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Delivery Methods

Aim: Because of its many actions, curcumin, a plant-derived polyphenolic substance found naturally in turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been the focus of a significant investigation. The utilization of safe, useful, and highly functional chemicals obtained from natural sources in human nutrition/prevention/therapy needs some modifications to achieve multifunctionality, enhance the bioavailability, and delivery methods, all to enhance their efficacy. Curcumin's limited water solubility, fast metabolism and removal from the body, and hence low bioavailability, are significant obstacles to its use. To address these issues, a variety of new drug delivery systems with multiple routes of administration have evolved. Encapsulating the medication in vesicular structures is one such technique that, if successful in enabling selective absorption, can be predicted to extend the drug's life in systemic circulation and reduce toxicity. As a result, several vesicular drug delivery methods, including liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, and pharmacosomes, have been developed. Since then, developments in vesicular drug delivery have resulted in the creation of systems that enable drug targeting as well as the prolonged or controlled release of traditional medications. The present study aimed to develop and characterize curcumin-loaded niosomes. Design of Study: In present study 32 factorial method was used to formulate different formulations of niosomes containing curcumin. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, IFTM University Moradabad, From December to May 2021. Methodology: Various niosomal formulations of curcumin were developed by using surfactant and cholesterol by thin-film hydration technique. Total 9 formulations were developed and characterized (32 factorial designs). Results: Formulation N7 was considered as an optimized formulation since formulation F7 has maximum drug entrapment and a prolonged drug release rate. The present study suggests that the concentration of surfactant and cholesterol affects % drug loading efficiency of niosomes. The percentage entrapment efficiency of niosomes increases on the increasing concentration of surfactant (Span 60) and cholesterol but above a certain concentration of cholesterol further increment in cholesterol concentration reduces drug entrapment efficiency of niosomes.

Nanomedicine in Human Health Therapeutics and Drug Delivery

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-251
Author(s):  
Manzoor A. Mir ◽  
Basharat A. Bhat ◽  
Bashir A. Sheikh ◽  
Gulzar Ahmed Rather ◽  
Safiya Mehraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Targeted Drug

The 21st century has seen a massive spring up in the applications of nanobiotechnology. Incorporation of functionalized and modified nanostructures in various biomedical applications has generated significant research interests such as implant and tissue engineering, diagnosis, and therapy, thereby aiding in improvement of human health. The unique properties of nanoparticles including non-toxicity and biocompatibility with a large surface area make it possible to modify their surface with different chemicals including different polymers, antibodies, and drug molecules. Therefore, they are utilized for targeted drug delivery in order to carry drugs and selectively release them in desired tissues which reduces destructive effects on healthy cells. This chapter mainly covers the basic properties of nanoparticles including nanomedicine, their preparation and focuses on their diagnosis, and therapeutic applications in disease including cancer and other challenging ailments.

CYCLODEXTRIN IN DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATION: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajveer Bhaskar ◽  
Monika Ola ◽  
Rahul Patel ◽  
Dr. S. S. Chalikwar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Nasal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Wide Range

The cyclodextrins have a wide range of applications in various areas of drug delivery and pharmaceutical industry due to their complexation ability and other versatile characteristics. The most popular pharmaceutical application of cyclodextrin is to increase the solubility, stability, safety and bioavailability of drug molecules. The idea of this review article is to solve and study any of the findings and application of cyclodextrin (CD) and their derivatives in different areas of drug delivery. This review article introduce the molecular structure, properties like complexation, solubility etc. of cyclodextrins and targeted on its use for parenteral, oral, ophthalmic and nasal drug delivery. Other routes including dermal, rectal, sublingual and pulmonary delivery are again briefly addressed. The aim of this contribution is to focus on the potential application of chemically altared cyclodextrins as high-performance drug carriers in drug delivery systems with emphasis on the other recent developments. Thus cyclodextrins, because of their continuing ability to find several novel applications in drug delivery, are expected to solve many problems associated with the delivery of different other novel drugs through different delivery routes. Keywords: Cyclodextrin, complexing agents, bioavailability, industrial application

Constitutive Model of Biodegradable Non-Linear Polymeric Materials for Applications in the Biomedical Field

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao S. Soares ◽  
James E. Moore ◽  
Kumbakonam R. Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Biomedical Field

Synthetic biodegradable polymers have seen a dramatic increase in their availability and utilization over the last few decades. The first reported biomedical application of biodegradable polymers was during the 70s in biodegradable sutures and to date, it remains as the most widespread usage of this family of materials. Biodegradable polymers have also been proven to be effective carriers in local drug delivery therapies and are widely used as a primary constituent of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.

Paclitaxel-tyroserleutide Conjugates Self-assembly into Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 882-891
Author(s):  
Yongjia Liu ◽  
Leilei Shi ◽  
Bangshang Zhu ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Assembly Method

Background: The drug-drug self-assembly was considered as a simple and efficient approach to prepare high drug loading nano-drug carriers and present new opportunities for cancer therapeutics. The strategy of PTX amphiphiles preparation would be a possible way to solve the poor water solubility of PTX. Methods: The PTX-YSL conjugate were synthesized and characterized. The PTX-YSL nanocarriers was prepared by a simple self-assembly method. In vitro cell studies and pharmacokinetic studies were evaluated for their in vitro anti-tumor activities and blood retention time. Results: The structures of PTX-YSL conjugate were confirmed by LC-MS, 1H NMR and FTIR. The size and morphology of the PTX-YSL self-assembled nanocarriers were observed with TEM and DLS. PTX-YSL nanocarriers could facilitate cellular uptake and had low cytotoxicity. PTX-YSL nanocarriers have longer blood retention for enhancing accumulation in the tumor tissues via EPR effect. Conclusion: This drug delivery system formed by PTX-YSL conjugates constitutes a promising and effective drug carrier in cancer therapy.

Recent Development of Copolymeric Nano-Drug Delivery System for Paclitaxel

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 2169-2189
Author(s):  
Shiyu Chen ◽  
Zhimei Song ◽  
Runliang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Property ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery

Background: Paclitaxel (PTX) has been clinically used for several years due to its good therapeutic effect against cancers. Its poor water-solubility, non-selectivity, high cytotoxicity to normal tissue and worse pharmacokinetic property limit its clinical application. Objective: To review the recent progress on the PTX delivery systems. Methods: In recent years, the copolymeric nano-drug delivery systems for PTX are broadly studied. It mainly includes micelles, nanoparticles, liposomes, complexes, prodrugs and hydrogels, etc. They were developed or further modified with target molecules to investigate the release behavior, targeting to tissues, pharmacokinetic property, anticancer activities and bio-safety of PTX. In the review, we will describe and discuss the recent progress on the nano-drug delivery system for PTX since 2011. Results: The water-solubility, selective delivery to cancers, tissue toxicity, controlled release and pharmacokinetic property of PTX are improved by its encapsulation into the nano-drug delivery systems. In addition, its activities against cancer are also comparable or high when compared with the commercial formulation. Conclusion: Encapsulating PTX into nano-drug carriers should be helpful to reduce its toxicity to human, keeping or enhancing its activity and improving its pharmacokinetic property.

Drug/Vehicle Impacts and Formulation Centered Stratagems for Enhanced Transdermal Drug Permeation, Controlled Release and Safety: Unparalleled Past and Recent Innovations-An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balamurugan Manickam ◽  
Rajesh Sreedharan ◽  
Kumarappan Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

:Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are one of the fascinating unconventional drug delivery systems offering plentiful advantages of which patient compliance is of paramount importance. However, as a matter of fact, the transdermal delivery of drug molecules is absolutely a tedious job which is precisely influenced by a number of factors including penetration barrier properties of the skin, drug characteristics formulation allied issues, etc. Over the years, innumerable tremendous efforts have been made in transporting the drugs through the skin into the systemic circulation by noteworthy tactics. This paper discusses such revolutionary formulation based techniques that have been endeavored in achieving the enhanced skin permeation of drugs, controlled release, and safety.

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