scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Biomaterials for Vocal Fold Injection: A Systematic Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2619
Author(s):  
Ng Wan-Chiew ◽  
Marina Mat Baki ◽  
Mh Busra Fauzi ◽  
Yogeswaran Lokanathan ◽  
Mawaddah Azman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Vocal Fold Injection ◽  
The Ideal

Vocal fold injection is a preferred treatment in glottic insufficiency because it is relatively quick and cost-saving. However, researchers have yet to discover the ideal biomaterial with properties suitable for human vocal fold application. The current systematic review employing PRISMA guidelines summarizes and discusses the available evidence related to outcome measures used to characterize novel biomaterials in the development phase. The literature search of related articles published within January 2010 to March 2021 was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The search identified 6240 potentially relevant records, which were screened and appraised to include 15 relevant articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The current study highlights that the characterization methods were inconsistent throughout the different studies. While rheologic outcome measures (viscosity, elasticity and shear) were most widely utilized, there appear to be no target or reference values. Outcome measures such as cellular response and biodegradation should be prioritized as they could mitigate the clinical drawbacks of currently available biomaterials. The review suggests future studies to prioritize characterization of the viscoelasticity (to improve voice outcomes), inflammatory response (to reduce side effects) and biodegradation (to improve longevity) profiles of newly developed biomaterials.

scholarly journals The Role of Biomimetic Hypoxia on Cancer Cell Behaviour in 3D Models: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Zahra Mohri ◽  
Wissal Alsheikh ◽  
Umber Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tissue Models

The development of biomimetic, human tissue models is recognized as being an important step for transitioning in vitro research findings to the native in vivo response. Oftentimes, 2D models lack the necessary complexity to truly recapitulate cellular responses. The introduction of physiological features into 3D models informs us of how each component feature alters specific cellular response. We conducted a systematic review of research papers where the focus was the introduction of key biomimetic features into in vitro models of cancer, including 3D culture and hypoxia. We analysed outcomes from these and compiled our findings into distinct groupings to ascertain which biomimetic parameters correlated with specific responses. We found a number of biomimetic features which primed cancer cells to respond in a manner which matched in vivo response.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Incidence of Congenital Phenylketonuria in 59 Countries: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Nastaran Mojibi ◽  
◽  
Shabnam Ghazanfari-Sarabi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Shed Light

Context: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error of metabolism, in which newborns cannot metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine. Increased phenylalanine in untreated patients with PKU can cause serious intellectual disability; its onerous financial burden also falls on societies. This review study aimed to systematically indicate the frequency of PKU worldwide. We also intended to highlight the global prevalence of PKU, which might shed light on better clinical management and screening programs. Methods: In this systematic review, two electronic databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for the related literature using relevant keywords: “Phenylketonuria” or “PKU” and “Prevalence” or “Incidence” and “Iran” or “Middle East” or “Europe” or “America” or “Asia.” Accordingly, 4306 reports conducted on PKU from January 2007 to December 2018 were retrieved. With the removal of 44 duplicated publications, 44 reports were included in the current systematic review. Prevalence and incidence rates were categorized based on different continents in which nations used various NBS programs to report the incidence and prevalence of PKU. Non-English, non-eligible, duplicated, animal, and in vitro studies are excluded. Results: Based on the reported quantitative data, the prevalence of PKU diagnosed worldwide ranged from 0.00044% to 0.02736% in which Italy possessed the highest prevalence; however, Thailand manifested the lowest prevalence rate. However, for some countries, such as India or Finland, either the related data to the frequency of PKU was outdated or overlooked applying any newborn screening programs respecting PKU. Conclusions: The current study revealed an elevated prevalence of PKU in Iran, compared with other Asian countries; thus, it demands a more serious management program. Moreover, the high prevalence of PKU in European countries should not be underestimated.

Voice Outcome Measures for Adult Patients With Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Walton ◽  
Paul Carding ◽  
Erin Conway ◽  
Kieran Flanagan ◽  
Helen Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Voice Outcome

Methods of Fat Tissue Processing for Human Vocal Fold Injection: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 244.e17-244.e21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle M. Truzzi ◽  
Henrique F. Pauna ◽  
Patricia Bette ◽  
Reinaldo J. Gusmão ◽  
Agrício N. Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Tissue Processing ◽  
Vocal Fold Injection

scholarly journals Fibronectin dependent macrophage fibrin binding

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2900-2907
Author(s):  
SD Blystone ◽  
LK Weston ◽  
JE Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Amino Terminus ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Fibronectin Fragments ◽  
Cell Binding Domain

Plasma fibronectin has been shown to increase the binding of fibrin monomer to macrophages in vitro. In the present study we began characterization of the mechanism underlying this fibronectin activity. Fragments of fibronectin containing the amino terminus enhanced macrophage fibrin binding to the same extent as intact fibronectin on an equimolar basis. However, fibronectin fragments containing the gelatin-binding domain or the cell-binding domain, but lacking the amino terminus, had no effect on fibrin binding. Fibronectin enhanced fibrin binding was not affected by the addition of synthetic peptides containing the RGD adhesion sequence. The ability of fibronectin to augment fibrin binding remained after paraformaldehyde fixation of macrophage monolayers. Fixation did not alter the basal levels of fibrin binding by macrophages. Preincubation of macrophages with exogenous fibronectin did not increase the binding of fibrin. Fibronectin enhanced fibrin binding remained unaltered after the removal of endogenous cell surface fibronectin by capping with F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies to fibronectin. These results suggest that the amino terminus of fibronectin supports the attachment of fibrin to macrophages by an initial fluid-phase interaction that precedes cellular binding and does not require a cellular response.

scholarly journals Fibronectin dependent macrophage fibrin binding

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2900-2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Blystone ◽  
LK Weston ◽  
JE Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Amino Terminus ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Fibronectin Fragments ◽  
Cell Binding Domain

Abstract Plasma fibronectin has been shown to increase the binding of fibrin monomer to macrophages in vitro. In the present study we began characterization of the mechanism underlying this fibronectin activity. Fragments of fibronectin containing the amino terminus enhanced macrophage fibrin binding to the same extent as intact fibronectin on an equimolar basis. However, fibronectin fragments containing the gelatin-binding domain or the cell-binding domain, but lacking the amino terminus, had no effect on fibrin binding. Fibronectin enhanced fibrin binding was not affected by the addition of synthetic peptides containing the RGD adhesion sequence. The ability of fibronectin to augment fibrin binding remained after paraformaldehyde fixation of macrophage monolayers. Fixation did not alter the basal levels of fibrin binding by macrophages. Preincubation of macrophages with exogenous fibronectin did not increase the binding of fibrin. Fibronectin enhanced fibrin binding remained unaltered after the removal of endogenous cell surface fibronectin by capping with F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies to fibronectin. These results suggest that the amino terminus of fibronectin supports the attachment of fibrin to macrophages by an initial fluid-phase interaction that precedes cellular binding and does not require a cellular response.

Processing of Fascia for Vocal Fold Injection

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Rihkanen ◽  
Eila Kaliste ◽  
Ilmo Leivo
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Fascia Graft ◽  
Vocal Fold Injection ◽  
A Prospective Study

To evaluate the simplest and safest method to mince fascia for autologous vocal fold injection, we performed an in vitro study applying porcine fascia and a prospective study using a canine model. Six different surfaces were tested in the laboratory for mincing fascia. The ease of handling of tissue on each surface was noted. Minced fascia was studied by microscope under polarized illumination, and the number and nature of foreign particles were recorded. After the safest method to mince fascia was established, 2 dogs were operated on. The recurrent nerve was sectioned, and a piece of fascia lata was harvested and cut with scissors on a steel surface. Fascia injection deep into the thyroarytenoid muscle was performed. The dogs were painlessly sacrificed 6 months later, and the larynges were removed for histomorphological study. On cutting, all polymer surfaces released small amounts of particles. These were not evident when we used glass or steel plates, but their hard surfaces were difficult to work on. Cutting a piece of fascia with scissors was found to be effective and safe in terms of microscopic foreign particles. The two dogs suffered no perioperative or late complications. Six months later, a well-preserved, vascularized, collagen-rich tissue was in its place without any evidence of acute or chronic inflammation. The histomorphological findings were identical to those of our previous study, with the exception that this time, no foreign particles from the mincing surface were present. An autologous fascia graft proves to be well preserved and well tolerated in the augmentation of a paralyzed vocal fold, and scissors are simple and effective in mincing it for injection.

Dispersed rat parotid acinar cells. III. Characterization of cholinergic receptors

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Mangos ◽  
NR McSherry ◽  
T Barber
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Cholinergic Receptors ◽  
Cholinergic Agonists ◽  
Cholinergic Agonist ◽  
Parotid Acinar Cells ◽  
Rat Parotid

The in vitro characterization of cholinergic receptors in dispersed rat parotid acinar cells was accomplished through investigations of the net transmembrane fluxes of K in response to exposure of the cells to selected cholinergic agonists and antagonists. Interaction of acetylcholine bromide (ACh) and carbamylcholine (carbachol) with the cholinergic receptors resulted in rapid net efflux of K from the cells. This cellular response was demonstrable in concentrations of carbachol as low as 10(-8) M. With gradual increase in the concentrations of the agonist an increase in the K efflux was observed up to 10(-5) M. At higher concentrations of this cholinergic agonist no further increases in the net K efflux were observed. The response of the cells to cholinergic agonists was inhibited by atropine but not by the adrenergic antagonists phentolamine or propranolol, suggesting cholinergic agonist-antagonist interactions at the receptor site. The dispersed rat parotid acinar cells appear to have functionally intact cholinergic receptors and could be used as valuable experimental tools for the study of receptor physiology and pharmacology as well as of other aspects of secretory function at the cellular level.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Legionella pneumophila in Clinical and Water Isolates—A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5809
Author(s):  
Olga Pappa ◽  
Dimosthenis Chochlakis ◽  
Vassilios Sandalakis ◽  
Chrysa Dioli ◽  
Anna Psaroulaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Interpretation Criteria ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Validity Criteria

The current systematic review investigates the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Legionella pneumophila isolates from the 1980s to the present day, deriving data from clinical and/or water samples from studies carried out all over the world. Eighty-nine papers meeting the inclusion criteria, i.e., “Legionella pneumophila” and “resistance to antibiotics”, were evaluated according to pre-defined validity criteria. Sixty articles referred to clinical isolates, and 18 articles reported water-related L. pneumophila isolates, while 11 articles included both clinical and water isolates. Several methods have been proposed as suitable for the determination of MICs, such as the E-test, broth and agar dilution, and disk diffusion methods, in vivo and in vitro, using various media. The E-test method proposed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EUCAST) seems to be the second most frequently used method overall, but it is the preferred method in the most recent publications (2000–2019) for the interpretation criteria. Erythromycin has been proved to be the preference for resistance testing over the years. However, in the last 19 years, the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin (ERM), levofloxacin (LEV) and azithromycin (AZM) were the ones that saw an increase in their use. A decrease in the sensitivity to antibiotics was identified in approximately half of the reviewed articles.

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