scholarly journals Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2523
Author(s):  
Gregor Lavrič ◽  
Ana Oberlintner ◽  
Inese Filipova ◽  
Uroš Novak ◽  
Blaž Likozar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Water Barrier ◽  
And Function

 The aim of the study was to characterize and compare films made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), nano-fibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in combination with chitosan and alginate in terms of applicability for potential food packaging applications. In total, 25 different formulations were made and evaluated, and seven biopolymer films with the best mechanical performance (tensile strength, strain)—alginate, alginate with 5% CNC, chitosan, chitosan with 3% CNC, BNC with and without glycerol, and CNF with glycerol—were selected and investigated regarding morphology (SEM), density, contact angle, surface energy, water absorption, and oxygen and water barrier properties. Studies revealed that polysaccharide-based films with added CNC are the most suitable for packaging purposes, and better dispersing of nanocellulose in chitosan than in alginate was observed. Results showed an increase in hydrophobicity (increase of contact angle and reduced moisture absorption) of chitosan and alginate films with the addition of CNC, and chitosan with 3% CNC had the highest contact angle, 108 ± 2, and 15% lower moisture absorption compared to pure chitosan. Overall, the ability of nanocellulose additives to preserve the structure and function of chitosan and alginate materials in a humid environment was convincingly demonstrated. Barrier properties were improved by combining the biopolymers, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) was reduced by 15–45% and oxygen permeability (OTR) up to 45% by adding nanocellulose compared to single biopolymer formulations. It was concluded that with a good oxygen barrier, a water barrier that is comparable to PLA, and good mechanical properties, biopolymer films would be a good alternative to conventional plastic packaging used for ready-to-eat foods with short storage time. 

scholarly journals Nanocomposites Materials of PLA Reinforced with Nanoclays Using a Masterbatch Technology: A Study of the Mechanical Performance and Its Sustainability

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Helena Oliver-Ortega ◽  
Josep Tresserras ◽  
Fernando Julian ◽  
Manel Alcalà ◽  
Alba Bala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Food Tray ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Being Moved

Packaging consumes around 40% of the total plastic production. One of the most important fields with high requirements is food packaging. Food packaging products have been commonly produced with petrol polymers, but due to environmental concerns, the market is being moved to biopolymers. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the most promising biopolymer, as it is bio-based and biodegradable, and it is well established in the market. Nonetheless, its barrier properties need to be enhanced to be competitive with other polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Nanoclays improve the barrier properties of polymeric materials if correct dispersion and exfoliation are obtained. Thus, it marks a milestone to obtain an appropriate dispersion. A predispersed methodology is proposed as a compounding process to improve the dispersion of these composites instead of common melt procedures. Afterwards, the effect of the polarity of the matrix was analyzing using polar and surface modified nanoclays with contents ranging from 2 to 8% w/w. The results showed the suitability of the predispersed and concentrated compound, technically named masterbatch, to obtain intercalated structures and the higher dispersion of polar nanoclays. Finally, the mechanical performance and sustainability of the prepared materials were simulated in a food tray, showing the best assessment of these materials and their lower fingerprint.

scholarly journals Compostable Polylactide and Cellulose Based Packaging for Fresh-Cut Cherry Tomatoes: Performance Evaluation and Influence of Sterilization Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Rapisarda ◽  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
Alessandra Pellegrino ◽  
Angelo Malvuccio ◽  
Valeria Rizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fresh Cut

For food packaging, plastic materials display large appeal, mostly due to their versatility, mechanical, optical and barrier properties. However, they play an important role in environmental concerns and waste management issue. Compostable bioplastics represent alternative materials designed for a lower environmental impact. In this work, a biobased compostable packaging, constituted by polylactide (PLA) trays and NatureFlex™ film, was evaluated for fresh-cut cherry tomato. A comparative analysis was accomplished using traditional packaging materials, that is, polyethylene terephtalate (PET) trays and polypropylene (PP Coex) film. Structural stability under food contact conditions, mechanical and physical-chemical properties were investigated. Tensile mechanical properties, puncture resistance, contact angle (CA) and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), before and after UV or radiofrequency (RF) sterilization treatment, were evaluated. UV irradiation method resulted the less invasive one. Therefore, oxygen and water vapor transmission rate (OTR and WVTR), overall chemical migration test, biodegradation assessment by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) according to ISO 14851 and disintegration test by ISO 20200 were carried out to establish the further influence of UV sterilization on the packaging. Overall, data showed that the biobased compostable packaging for a prolonged shelf-life of fresh-cut cherry tomato has better properties that were surprisingly enhanced by the UV treatment.

scholarly journals Oxygen-Scavenging Multilayered Biopapers Containing Palladium Nanoparticles Obtained by the Electrospinning Coating Technique

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Cherpinski ◽  
Piotr Szewczyk ◽  
Adam Gruszczyński ◽  
Urszula Stachewicz ◽  
Jose Lagaron
Keyword(s):  
Palladium Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Oxygen Absorption ◽  
Coating Technique ◽  
Water Barrier ◽  
Oxygen Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Focus Ion Beam

The main goal of this study was to obtain, for the first time, highly efficient water barrier and oxygen-scavenging multilayered electrospun biopaper coatings of biodegradable polymers over conventional cellulose paper, using the electrospinning coating technique. In order to do so, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer-containing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were electrospun over paper, and the morphology, thermal properties, water vapor barrier, and oxygen absorption properties of nanocomposites and multilayers were investigated. In order to reduce the porosity, and to enhance the barrier properties and interlayer adhesion, the biopapers were annealed after electrospinning. A previous study showed that electrospun PHB-containing PdNP did show significant oxygen scavenging capacity, but this was strongly reduced after annealing, a process that is necessary to form a continuous film with the water barrier. The results in the current work indicate that the PdNP were better dispersed and distributed in the PCL matrix, as suggested by focus ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) experiments, and that the Pd enhanced, to some extent, the onset of PCL degradation. More importantly, the PCL/PdNP nanobiopaper exhibited much higher oxygen scavenging capacity than the homologous PHB/PdNP, due to most likely, the higher oxygen permeability of the PCL polymer and the somewhat higher dispersion of the Pd. The passive and active multilayered biopapers developed here may be of significant relevance to put forward the next generation of fully biodegradable barrier papers of interest in, for instance, food packaging.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Functional Barrier Properties of Chitosan Acetate Films with Conventionally Applied Polymers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3491
Author(s):  
Andrea Walzl ◽  
Samir Kopacic ◽  
Wolfgang Bauer ◽  
Erich Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Films ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Migration Experiment ◽  
Materials Used

The current demand to cut back on the use of plastic materials has brought a major boost to the search for bio-based alternatives. Not only are plastic bags and primary food packaging under scrutiny here, but also those materials used as functional barriers to reduce, for example, the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) from recycled paper and board packaging. Most of the barriers now in use are synthetic, often have only moderate barrier functionalities and in addition reduce the environmentally-friendly character of cellulose-based materials. Against this background, bio-based polymers have been evaluated in terms of their functional barrier properties. Chitosan was found to be among the best performers in these materials. In this study, the behavior of a lab-made chitosan acetate film was compared with conventionally produced polymer films. The two-sided migration experiment described recently was used to determine the barrier properties of the tested materials. This not only allowed to test the intrinsic migration of the films and the permeation through them, but also to simulate real packaging situations by using a recycled paper as donor for MOH. The migrated fractions were determined using gas-chromatography-based techniques. While the conventionally produced polymer films showed only moderate barrier function, excellent results were seen for the biopolymer. It reduced the migration from the recycled paper to not detectable, singling it out as a good alternative to conventional materials.

scholarly journals Hybrid Biocomposites Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) and Silica Aerogel for Food Packaging Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Aragón-Gutierrez ◽  
Marina P. Arrieta ◽  
Mar López-González ◽  
Marta Fernández-García ◽  
Daniel López
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Barrier Performance

Bionanocomposites based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and silica aerogel (SiA) were developed by means of melt extrusion process. PLA-SiA composite films were plasticized with 15 wt.% of acetyl (tributyl citrate) (ATBC) to facilitate the PLA processability as well as to attain flexible polymeric formulations for films for food packaging purposes. Meanwhile, SiA was added in four different proportions (0.5, 1, 3 and 5 wt.%) to evaluate the ability of SiA to improve the thermal, mechanical, and barrier performance of the bionanocomposites. The mechanical performance, thermal stability as well as the barrier properties against different gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen) of the bionanocomposites were evaluated. It was observed that the addition of 3 wt.% of SiA to the plasticized PLA-ATBC matrix showed simultaneously an improvement on the thermal stability as well as the mechanical and barrier performance of films. Finally, PLA-SiA film formulations were disintegrated in compost at the lab-scale level. The combination of ATBC and SiA sped up the disintegration of PLA matrix. Thus, the bionanocomposites produced here show great potential as sustainable polymeric formulations with interest in the food packaging sector.

scholarly journals Effects of palm wax on the physical, mechanical and water barrier properties of fish gelatin films for food packaging application

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 100437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahid Nurul Syahida ◽  
Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry ◽  
Zuriyati Mohamed Asa’ari Ainun ◽  
Zainal Abedin Nur Hanani
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Fish Gelatin ◽  
Water Barrier ◽  
Gelatin Films

Mechanical and water barrier properties of corn-protein-based biodegradable plastics

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2612-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lodovico di Gioia ◽  
Bernard Cuq ◽  
Stéphane Guilbert
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Water Barrier ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Water Transmission ◽  
Thermoplastic Resins

Experiments were performed to evaluate the mechanical and water barrier properties of corn-protein-based materials that were compression molded from thermoplastic resins. The influence of varying concentrations of water, glycerol, and octanoic acid was studied. At 0% relative humidity, the material exhibited a linear elastic deformation and a brittle fracture at any glycerol or octanoic acid content. Raising relative humidity from 0% to 97.3%, progressively decreased the tensile strength (from 24.1 to 2.2 MPa and 19.4 to 1.0 MPa), and the modulus of elasticity (from 1.67 to 0.03 GPa and 1.87 to 0.13 GPa), respectively, for the octanoic acid- or glycerol-plasticized materials. Increasing water content did not increase the tensile strain at break of the glycerol-plasticized material, whereas this parameter changed from 1.6 to 52.3% for octanoic-acid-plasticized material. This last material was waterproof during 21 h and its water transmission rate was then 0.05 mmolmm-2 s -1. Differences in water absorption were related to plasticizer solubility and material structure.

scholarly journals Developed Chitosan/Oregano Essential Oil Biocomposite Packaging Film Enhanced by Cellulose Nanofibril

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Shunli Chen ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Caixia Wang ◽  
Shun Yan ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Packaging Film ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil

The use of advanced and eco-friendly materials has become a trend in the field of food packaging. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared from bleached bagasse pulp board by a mechanical grinding method and were used to enhance the properties of a chitosan/oregano essential oil (OEO) biocomposite packaging film. The growth inhibition rate of the developed films with 2% (w/w) OEO against E. coli and L. monocytogenes reached 99%. With the increased levels of added CNFs, the fibrous network structure of the films became more obvious, as was determined by SEM and the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between CNFs and chitosan was observed in FTIR spectra, while the XRD pattern suggested that the strength of diffraction peaks and crystallinity of the films slightly increased. The addition of 20% CNFs contributed to an oxygen-transmission rate reduction of 5.96 cc/m2·day and water vapor transmission rate reduction of 741.49 g/m2·day. However, the increase in CNFs contents did not significantly improve the barrier properties of the film. The addition of 60% CNFs significantly improved the barrier properties of the film to light and exhibited the lowest light transmittance (28.53%) at 600 nm. Addition of CNFs to the chitosan/OEO film significantly improved tensile strength and the addition of 60% CNFs contributed to an increase of 16.80 MPa in tensile strength. The developed chitosan/oregano essential oil/CNFs biocomposite film with favorable properties and antibacterial activity can be used as a green, functional material in the food-packaging field. It has the potential to improve food quality and extend food shelf life.

Modeling the Water Barrier Properties of Nylon Film Intended for Food Packaging Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Nobile ◽  
G.G. Buonocore ◽  
C. Altieri ◽  
G. Battaglia ◽  
L. Nicolais
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Water Barrier

Food Grade Bioplastic Based on Corn Starch with Banana Pseudostem Fibre/Bacterial Cellulose Hybrid Filler

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Hermansyah ◽  
Rena Carissa ◽  
Merisa Bestari Faiz ◽  
Priscilla Deni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Water Barrier

Food grade bioplastic has become a popular research topic these days. However, further studies are still required in order to develop bioplastic that has comparable mechanical and water barrier properties with synthetic plastic. In this research, to improve mechanical and water barrier properties of plant cellulose filled bioplastic, bacterial cellulose is added to create hybrid filler with banana pseudostem fibre in glycerol plasticized corn starch matrix. The filler banana pseudostem fibre and bacterial cellulose were first dispersed in mixture of glycerol and distilled water, starch was added and mixture was heated until gelatinization occured. The mixture was then casted and dried in oven. Research proved that 10wt% against starch mass was an optimum filler composition, which resulted in the highest mechanical strength of bioplastic. The utilization of hybrid filler showed a decrease in mechanical strength compared with bioplastic with single filler. The ratio of banana pseudostem:bacterial cellulose compotition in hybrid filler that gave the best mechanical properties was 25:75 which resulted in tensile strength 4.599 MPa and modulus 174.1 MPa. Although the utilization of hybrid filler did not improve the mechanical properties of bioplastic, the addition of bacterial cellulose was proven to give positive effect to water barrier properties. Bioplastic filled with hybrid 10wt% banana pseudostem fibre and 35wt% bacterial cellulose had water vapour transmission rate 3.8958 g/m2/hour. The mechanical and water barrier properties of bioplastic was confirmed with SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. Soil burial test for 9 days proved that banana pseudostem filler decreased 6.9% of corn starch bioplastic biodegradation rate.

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