scholarly journals Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of a Diclofenac Sodium-Dual Layer Polyvinyl Alcohol Patch

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2459
Author(s):  
Shafizah Sa’adon ◽  
Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari ◽  
Saiful Izwan Abd Razak ◽  
Joseph Sahaya Anand ◽  
Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Freeze Thaw

The aim of this study is to prepare a dual layer polyvinyl (PVA) patch using a combination of electrospinning techniques and cryogelation (freeze-thaw process) then subsequently to investigate the effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness, and diclofenac sodium (DS) loading on the physicochemical and mechanical properties and formulation of dual layer PVA patches composed of electrospun PVA nanofibers and PVA cryogel. After the successful preparation of the dual layer PVA patch, the prepared patch was subjected to investigation to assess the effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness and percentages of DS loading on the morphology, physiochemical and mechanical properties. Various spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water contact angle, and tensile tests were used to evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties of prepared dual layer PVA patches. The morphological structures of the dual layer PVA patch demonstrated the effectiveness of both techniques. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness, and DS percentage loading on the crystallinity of a dual layer PVA patch was investigated using XRD analysis. The presence of a distinct DS peak in the FTIR spectrum indicates the compatibility of DS in a dual layer PVA patch through in-situ loading. All prepared patches were considered highly hydrophilic because the data obtained was less than 90°. The increasing saturation of DS within the PVA matrix increases the tensile strength of prepared patches, however decreased its elasticity. Evidently, the increasing of electrospun PVA nanofibers thickness, freeze-thaw cycles, and the DS saturation has improved the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the DS medicated dual layer PVA patches, making them a promising biomaterial for transdermal drug delivery applications.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A POLYURETHANE/MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITE FEATURING ORGANOMODIFICATION SYNTHESIZED VIA IN SITU POLYMERIZATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Bagheri ◽  
Reza Darvishi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silicate Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Layer Sample ◽  
Silicate Layers

ABSTRACT In this study, polyurethane (PU)/organomodified montmorillonite (cloisite®30B) is synthesized via in situ polymerization by reaction of an ether-based prepolymer with the isocyanate end groups and adiamine chain extender (4, 4-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)) in the presence of different amounts of nanoparticles dispersed in the prepolymer matrix by an ultrasonic mixer for 1 h. The synthesized polymers are cast on a pretreated carbon steel sheet and cured at 120 °C in an oven. The PU and its composites have been characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical testing. The XRD analysis of the cured samples containing 1 to 3 wt% cloisite30B showed intercalation segments in the silicate layers and exfoliation for 0.5 wt% nanoparticles. The highest mechanical properties were obtained using the cured exfoliated silicate layer sample. A twofold increase in the ultimate tensile strength and a 2.3 times increase in the adhesion strength were found for 0.5 wt% organoclay/PU as compared with that of pure PU. In addition, the exfoliated structure sample exhibited a 16% reduction in abrasion compared with that of pure PU.

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2Nanoparticles with Polycarbonate and Investigation of its Mechanical Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 1750012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Jahantigh ◽  
Mehdi Nazirzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this project, nanocomposite films were prepared with different Titanium dioxide (TiO2) percentages. Properties of polycarbonate (PC) and PC–TiO2nanocomposite films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The structure of samples was studied by XRD. The mechanical properties of PC–TiO2nanocomposite films were investigated by conducting tensile tests and hardness measurements. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. The elastic modulus of the composite increased with increasing weight fraction of nanoparticles. The microhardness value increases with increasing TiO2nanoparticles. The results of tensile testing were in agreement with those of micro-hardness measurements. In addition, TGA curves showed that nanocomposite films have higher resistance to thermal degradation compared to polycarbonate. There are many reports related to the modification of polycarbonate films, but still a systematic study of them is required.

CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE/TI6AL4V COMPOSITE POWDER UNDER VARIOUS SINTERING TEMPERATURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Arifin ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Junaidi Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Work Interaction

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, Hydroxyapatite possesses poor mechanical properties and only tolerate limited loads for implants. Titanium is well-known materials applied in implant that has advantage in mechanical properties but poor in biocompatibility. The combination of the Titanium alloy and HA is expected to produce bio-implants with good in term of mechanical properties and biocompatabilty. In this work, interaction and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V was analyzed. The physical and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V composite powder obtained from compaction (powder metallurgy) of 60 wt.% Ti6Al4V and 40 wt.% HA and sintering at different temperatures in air were investigated in this study. Interactions of the mixed powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The hardness and density of the HA/Ti6Al4V composites were also measured. Based on the results of XRD analysis, the oxidation of Ti began at 700 °C. At 1000 °C, two phases were formed (i.e., TiO2 and CaTiO3). The results showed that the hardness HA/Ti6Al4V composites increased by 221.6% with increasing sintering temperature from 700oC to 1000oC. In contrast, the density of the composites decreased by 1.9% with increasing sintering temperature. 

scholarly journals Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of L-PBF Processed 316 L at Cryogenic Temperature

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5856
Author(s):  
Pragya Mishra ◽  
Pia Åkerfeldt ◽  
Farnoosh Forouzan ◽  
Fredrik Svahn ◽  
Yuan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Aerospace Applications

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has attracted great interest in the aerospace and medical sectors because it can produce complex and lightweight parts with high accuracy. Austenitic stainless steel alloy 316 L is widely used in many applications due to its good mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance over a wide temperature range. In this study, L-PBF-processed 316 L was investigated for its suitability in aerospace applications at cryogenic service temperatures and the behavior at cryogenic temperature was compared with room temperature to understand the properties and microstructural changes within this temperature range. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature and at −196 °C to study the mechanical performance and phase changes. The microstructure and fracture surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, and the phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results showed a significant increase in the strength of 316 L at −196 °C, while its ductility remained at an acceptable level. The results indicated the formation of ε and α martensite during cryogenic testing, which explained the increase in strength. Nanoindentation revealed different hardness values, indicating the different mechanical properties of austenite (γ), strained austenite, body-centered cubic martensite (α), and hexagonal close-packed martensite (ε) formed during the tensile tests due to mechanical deformation.

Effect of Nitrogen Addition on Mechanical Property of Ti-Cr-Sn Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2126-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Nakahira ◽  
Tomonari Inamura ◽  
Hiroyasu Kanetaka ◽  
Shuichi Miyazaki ◽  
Hideki Hosoda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Hardening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bcc Phase ◽  
Cold Workability

Effect of nitrogen (N) addition on mechanical properties of Ti-Cr-Sn alloy was investigated in this study. Ti-7mol%Cr-3mol%Sn was selected and less than 0.5wt% of N were systematically added. The alloys were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and tensile tests at room temperature. The apparent phase was β (bcc) phase, whereas the presence of precipitates was confirmed in 0.5wt%N-added alloy only which did not exhibit sufficient cold workability. The grain size was not largely affected by N addition being less than 0.5wt%. Tensile tests revealed that less than 0.5wt%N addition improves the strength which is due to the solution hardening by interstitial N atoms.

Effect of Nitrogen Addition on TiNi Shape Memory Alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1403-1408
Author(s):  
Izaz Ur Rehman ◽  
Tae-Hyun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transformation Temperatures ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Type Phase

In present paper we will show how nitrogen effects microstructures, transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties of equiatomic Ti50–Ni50 and Ti-rich Ti51–Ni49 binary shape memory alloys. 0.5 at.% of nitrogen was added to prepare Ti50–Ni49.5–N0.5, and Ti51–Ni48.5–N0.5 (at.%) alloys by arc-melting. Microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), phase constitutions were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transformation temperatures were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and mechanical properties were tested by tensile tests. Solutions treated Ti–Ni–N shape memory alloys contain TiNi matrix without nitrogen, Ti2Ni type phase containing a small amount of nitrogen and a new Ti2N type phase containing a small amount of nickel. Compared with Ti50–Ni50 and Ti51–Ni49 binary alloys, the martensitic transformation starts temperatures (Ms) of Ti50–Ni49.5–N0.5 and Ti51–Ni48.5–N0.5 ternary alloys decreased from 63.4 °C to 41.6 °C and from 85.3 °C to 79.4 °C, respectively. By adding N, fracture strain decreased and incomplete superelasticity was observed.

scholarly journals Effects of Bi2O3 Doping on the Mechanical Properties of PbO Ceramic Pellets Used in Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Anxia Yang ◽  
Huiping Zhu ◽  
Arslan Muhammad ◽  
Pengwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Eutectic Alloy ◽  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxygen Control ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic

In this paper, the effects of Bi2O3 doping on the mechanical properties of PbO ceramic pellets were studied. Different ratios of Bi2O3/PbO (i.e., xBi2O3-(1−x) PbO, where x is 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 wt.%) were fabricated and sintered at 570, 620, and 670 °C. Mechanical properties including density, hardness, flexural strength, and sintering of PbO were studied for each of the aforementioned compositions. Phase composition, microstructure, and the worn surfaces of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis revealed that a solid solution formed in the composite ceramic. The best suited conditions of temperature and doping of Bi2O3 for optimal sintering were found to be 620 °C and 3 wt.%, respectively. The hardness of the 3 wt.% Bi2O3-97 wt.% PbO ceramic was found to be 717 MPa, which is about four times higher than the hardness of pure PbO. In addition, the strength of the composites was found to be 43 MPa, which is two times higher than that of pure PbO. The integrity of the composites was verified using the lead–bismuth eutectic alloy flushing experiment. The results of this research paper are important for future studies of oxygen control in the lead–bismuth eutectic alloy of lead-cooled fast reactors.

scholarly journals Effect of Intercritical Annealing and Austempering on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High Silicon Manganese Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Franceschi ◽  
Luca Pezzato ◽  
Claudio Gennari ◽  
Alberto Fabrizi ◽  
Marina Polyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intercritical Annealing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Martensitic Microstructure ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
High Silicon

High Silicon Austempered steels (AHSS) are materials of great interest due to their excellent combination of high strength, ductility, toughness, and limited costs. These steel grades are characterized by a microstructure consisting of ferrite and bainite, accompanied by a high quantity retained austenite (RA). The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of an innovative heat treatment, consisting of intercritical annealing at 780 °C and austempering at 400 °C for 30 min, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel high silicon steel (0.43C-3.26Si-2.72Mn wt.%). The microstructure was characterized by optical and electron microscopy and XRD analysis. Hardness and tensile tests were performed. A multiphase ferritic-martensitic microstructure was obtained. A hardness of 426 HV and a tensile strength of 1650 MPa were measured, with an elongation of 4.5%. The results were compared with those ones obtained with annealing and Q&T treatments.

Effects of Extrusion on the Mechanical Properties and Damping Capacity of Mg-1.8Cu-0.5Mn Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yan Zhang ◽  
Li Ming Peng ◽  
Xiao Qin Zeng ◽  
Lin Du ◽  
Lan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solute Atoms

Effects of extrusion on mechanical properties and damping capacity of Mg-1.8wt.%Cu -0.5wt.%Mn (MCM1805) alloy have been investigated. Tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analyzer were respectively used to measure tensile properties and damping capacity at room temperature of as-cast and as-extruded MCM1805 alloy. The microstructure was studied using optical microscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Granato-Lücke model was used to explain the influences of extrusion on damping capacity of MCM1805 alloy. The results showed that extrusion dramatically decreases the grain size but has little influence on phase composition and solute atoms concentration of MCM1805 alloy, and the grain refinement was the dominant reason for the obvious increase of tensile properties and decrease of internal friction of MCM1805 alloy.

Structure and properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/poly(L-lactic acid) quasi core/sheath melt-electrospun microfibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1770-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaizhong Xu ◽  
Benedict Bauer ◽  
Masaki Yamamoto ◽  
Hideki Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A facile route was proposed to fabricate core–sheath microfibers, and the relationships among processing parameters, crystalline structures and the mechanical properties were investigated. The compression molded poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH)/poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) strip enhanced the spinnability of PHBH and the mechanical properties of PLLA as well. The core–sheath ratio of the fibers was determined by the prefab strip, while the PLLA sheath component did not completely cover the PHBH core component due to the weak interfacial tension between the melts of PHBH and PLLA. A rotational target was applied to collect aligned fibers, which were further drawn in a water bath. The tensile strength and the modulus of as-spun and drawn fibers increased with increasing the take-up velocities. When the take-up velocity was above 500 m/min, the jet became unstable and started to break up at the tip of the Taylor cone, decreasing the mechanical properties of the fibers. The drawing process facilitated the crystallization of PLLA and PHBH, and the tensile strength and the modulus increased linearly with the increasing the draw ratio. The crystal information displayed from wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetry heating curves supported the results of the tensile tests.

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