scholarly journals Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2322
Author(s):  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Md Najib Alam ◽  
Amutheesan Manikkavel ◽  
Minseok Song ◽  
Dong-Joo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Nanofillers

Without fillers, rubber types such as silicone rubber exhibit poor mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Carbon black (CB) is traditionally used as a filler in the rubber matrix to improve its properties, but a high content (nearly 60 per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) is required. However, this high content of CB often alters the viscoelastic properties of the rubber composite. Thus, nowadays, nanofillers such as graphene (GE) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used, which provide significant improvements to the properties of composites at as low as 2–3 phr. Nanofillers are classified as those fillers consisting of at least one dimension below 100 nanometers (nm). In the present review paper, nanofillers based on carbon nanomaterials such as GE, CNT, and CB are explored in terms of how they improve the properties of rubber composites. These nanofillers can significantly improve the properties of silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites and have been useful for a wide range of applications, such as strain sensing. Therefore, carbon-nanofiller-reinforced SRs are reviewed here, along with advancements in this research area. The microstructures, defect densities, and crystal structures of different carbon nanofillers for SR nanocomposites are characterized, and their processing and dispersion are described. The dispersion of the rubber composites was reported through atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of these nanofillers on the mechanical (compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, Young’s modulus, glass transition), thermal (thermal conductivity), and electrical properties (electrical conductivity) of SR nanocomposites is also discussed. Finally, the application of the improved SR nanocomposites as strain sensors according to their filler structure and concentration is discussed. This detailed review clearly shows the dependency of SR nanocomposite properties on the characteristics of the carbon nanofillers.

Properties of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Aziz Azira ◽  
Dayang Habibah Abangismawi I. Hassim ◽  
D. Verasamy ◽  
Abu Bakar Suriani ◽  
M. Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Latex

In order to achieve improvements in the performance of rubber materials, the development of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced rubber composites was attempted. The CNT/epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) nanocomposite was prepared through latex technology. Physical and mechanical properties of the CNT/ENR nanocomposites were characterized in contrast to the carbon black (CB)/ENR composite. The dispersion of the CNTs in the rubber matrix and interfacial bonding between them were rather good; monitored transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the CNT-reinforced ENR showed a considerable increase compared to the neat ENR and traditional CB/ENR composite. The storage modulus of the CNT/ENR nanocomposites greatly exceeds that of neat ENR and CB/ENR composites and a maximum conductivity of about 1 S m-1 can be achieved. The approach presented can be adapted to other CNT/polymer latex systems.

Fused Silica Filled Silicone Rubber Composites for Flexible Electronic Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K. Namitha ◽  
M.T. Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Filler Volume Fraction

Silicone rubber composites filled with fused silica were prepared through sigma mixing followed by hot pressing. Filling fraction of fused silica in the silicone rubber matrix was varied from 0-0.51 volume fraction (Vf) and its effects on dielectric properties at different frequencies, thermal properties and moisture absorption were investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of filler volume fraction the relative permittivity increases and dielectric loss decreases. The coefficient of thermal expansion decreased and the moisture absorption increased marginallyas the filler loading increased.

scholarly journals Effect of POSS Particles and Synergism Action of POSS and Poly-(Melamine Phosphate) on the Thermal Properties and Flame Retardance of Silicone Rubber Composites

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
Bartłomiej Syrek ◽  
Dariusz Bradło ◽  
Witold Żukowski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melamine Phosphate

This article presents flame retardant compounds for silicone rubber (SR) in the form of polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes (POSS), containing both isobutyl groups and amino-propyl (AM-POSS) or chloro-propyl group (HA-POSS) or vinyl groups (OL-POSS). Silsequioxanes were incorporated into the silicone rubber matrix in a quantity of 3 and 6 parts by wt by the method of reactive stirring with the use of a laboratory mixing mill. Based on the analyses performed by TG (Thermogravimetry) FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), conical calorimeter, and SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) methods, the thermal degradation mechanism of non-cross-linked and cross-linked silicone rubber has been elucidated. The effects of POSS, and POSS in a synergic system with melamine polyphosphate (MPP), on the thermal properties and flammability of silicone rubber composites were presented. Based on the test results obtained, a mechanism of flame retardant action POSS and POSS-MPP has been proposed. It has been shown that POSS, especially with MPP, considerably increases the thermal stability and decreases the flammability of the SR rubber composites under investigation.

scholarly journals Performance of Silicone Rubber Composites Filled with Aluminum Nitride and Alumina Tri-Hydrate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2489
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zheng ◽  
Shaojian He ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Wenxuan Fang ◽  
Yang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Rubber Filler

In this study, silicone rubber (SR) composites were prepared with various amounts of aluminum nitride (AlN) and alumina tri-hydrate (ATH), and vinyl tri-methoxysilane (VTMS) was also introduced to prepare SR/ATH/AlN–VTMS composites for comparison. Compared to the SR/ATH composites, the SR/ATH/AlN composites with higher AlN loading exhibited higher breakdown strength and thermal conductivity, which were further improved by the addition of VTMS. Such results were related to the enhanced rubber–filler interfacial interactions from VTMS coupling, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and the curing behaviors of the SR composites. Moreover, by replacing ATH with VTMS-coupled AlN, the SR/ATH/AlN–VTMS composites also exhibited lower dielectric loss along with an increased dielectric constant, suggesting the promising application of VTMS-coupled AlN as a filler for the preparation of the SR composites as high-voltage insulators.

Highly sensitive and stretchable graphene-silicone rubber composites for strain sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yang ◽  
XueFeng Yao ◽  
Zhong Zheng ◽  
LingHui Gong ◽  
Li Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Highly Sensitive

scholarly journals Nonlinear Electrical Properties and Field Dependency of BST and Nano-ZnO-Doped Silicone Rubber Composites

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyi Guo ◽  
Xilin Wang ◽  
Zhidong Jia ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Chuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Field Dependency ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Recently, composite materials with nonlinear dielectric or resistive properties performed well in electric field homogenization and space charge suppression in a high voltage transmission and distribution system. For the purpose of obtaining insulation materials with desirable dielectric and electrical resistance properties, we investigated several fillers with nonlinear electrical properties doped in silicon rubber composites, and their dependency on the temperature and field. The samples of silicone rubber composites with different components were prepared using barium strontium titanate (BST) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as the filler, and high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (SiR) as the matrix. The investigations revealed that the BST-doped samples showed different dielectric properties compared to ZnO-doped composites, with an increase in the electric field, which was nonlinear. The resistivity of both doped samples was similar. Results demonstrated that it was possible to achieve higher values of permittivity, and lower values of tanδ and resistivity, with respect to unfilled silicone rubber composites over a wide electrical field and temperature range. Discussion of the results attributes these important functional behaviours to the spontaneous polarization of nonlinear nanoparticles and the interaction between the SiR chains and the nonlinear nanoparticles at the interfacial area.

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