scholarly journals Water-Repellent Characteristics of Beech Wood Coated with Parylene-N

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2076
Author(s):  
Robert Köhler ◽  
Philipp Sauerbier ◽  
Mirco Weber ◽  
Roland-Christian Wander ◽  
Stephan Wieneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Chemical Structures

In recent years, awareness regarding sustainability and the responsible usage of natural resources has become more important in our modern society. As a result, wood as a building material experiences a renaissance. However, depending on the use case, protective measures may be necessary to increase wood’s durability and prolong its service life. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of parylene-N layers offers an interesting alternative to solvent-based and potentially environmentally harmful coating processes. The CVD process utilized in this study generated transparent, uniform barrier layers and can be applied on an extensive range of substrates without the involvement of any solvents. In this study, European beech wood samples (Fagus sylvatica L.) were coated with parylene-N using the CVD process, with paracyclophane as a precursor. The aim of the study was to analyze the water absorption of beech wood, in relation to the different layer thicknesses of parylene-N. Therefore, four different coating thicknesses from 0.5 to 40 μm were deposited, depending on the initial amount of precursor used. The deposited layers were analyzed by reflection interference spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and their chemical structures and compositions were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Due to the chemical structure of parylene-N, the deposited layers led to a significantly increased water contact angle and reduced the water uptake by 25–34% compared to the uncoated reference samples. A linear correlation between layer thickness and water absorption was observed. The coating of wood with parylene-N provides a promising water barrier, even with thin layers.

Nanostructured superhydrophobic lyocell fabrics with asymmetric moisture absorbency: Moisture managing properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-ok Kwon ◽  
Jooyoun Kim ◽  
Myoung-Woon Moon ◽  
Chung Hee Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Vertical Wicking ◽  
Opposite Face

This study investigated moisture management properties of a single-faced superhydrophobic fabric. A single-faced superhydrophobic lyocell fabric, where one face of the surface is superhydrophobic and the opposite face is hydrophilic, was produced by a two-step plasma process on one side of the fabric: (1) the addition of nano-scale roughness by 5 minutes of O2 plasma etching; (2) subsequent 30 seconds of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition with hexamethyldisiloxane to lower the surface energy of lyocell fibers. As a result, the superhydrophobic lyocell fabric exhibited water repellency with a static water contact angle greater than 161° on the treated surface, allowing water absorption from the untreated face. The nanometer depth of the superhydrophobic layer in the hydrophilic textile affected water absorption capacity, drying rate, vertical wicking rate, and moisture management properties. The air permeability and water vapor transmission rate of the superhydrophobic treated lyocell fabric were hardly changed. The superhydrophobic properties were maintained after a gentle wash cycle, although the level of superhydrophobicity was reduced, especially when it was washed with detergent. This superhydrophobic and moisture managing textile would be relevant for an application that requires a water repellent property on one face and water absorbing property on the opposite face, such as medical operation gowns, wound dressings, and hygienic products.

scholarly journals Superhydrophobic organosilicon-based coating system by a novel ultravoilet-curable method

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 184798041770279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojiang Liu ◽  
Taizhou Tian ◽  
Jinlong Yao ◽  
Changgen Huang ◽  
Wenjun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Water Contact

A robust superhydrophobic organosilica sol-gel-based coating on a cotton fabric substrate was successfully fabricated via a cost-effective one-step method. The coating was prepared by modification of silica nanoparticles with siloxane having long alkyl chain that allow to reduce surface energy. The coating on cotton fabric exhibited water contact angle of 151.6°. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and surface chemical composition was measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed the enhanced superhydrophobicity that was attributed to the synergistic effect of roughness created by the random distribution of silica nanoparticles and the low surface energy imparted of long-chain alkane siloxane. In addition, the coating also showed excellent durability against washing treatments. Even after washed for 30 times, the specimen still had a water contact angle of 130°, indicating an obvious water-repellent property. With this outstanding property, the robust superhydrophobic coating exhibited a prospective application in textiles and plastics.

PVDF Films with Superhydrophobic Surface Fabricated by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1451-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiu Zhang ◽  
Wen Fang Yang ◽  
Zhen Ya Gu ◽  
Rui Ting Huo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Lotus Effect ◽  
Pvdf Membrane

Lotus effect is well-known to be governed by chemical properties and nanotextures of the surfaces. In this paper, a method with two-steps treatment technology was applied to develop the superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fruoride(PVDF) membrane with the property of anti-contamination and self-cleaning. First, the PVDF membrane was treated by oxygen plasma so as to get the reactive groups. Second, this film was deposited by perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate precursor/Ar gas via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The modified film surface exhibited ultra water-repellent ability, showing that the water contact angles was larger than 150 °and the dynamic contact angles was usually lower than 5°.

scholarly journals Polyethylene glycol and poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels treated with photo-initiated chemical vapor deposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taraneh Javanbakht ◽  
Ariane Bérard ◽  
Jason R. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition

This study was designed to determine if surface modification via photo-initiated chemical vapor deposition (PICVD) affects the physicochemical properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) differently, given their different chemical structures and properties. Contact angle measurements showed that both polymers increase in surface hydrophobicity after PICVD treatment. Further, the improved hydrophobicity facilitated dispersion into nonpolar solvents. Chemical changes were concentrated near the surface, evidenced by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, indicating namely that partial oxidation occurs during treatment. These findings were discussed in the context of the difference of the molecular structures of PEG and PVA, which, in turn, control their surface functionalization and hydrophobicity.

scholarly journals Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition of Yttrium Oxide Films and Their Properties in Anticorrosion and Water Repellent Coating Applications

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Christian Dussarrat ◽  
Nicolas Blasco ◽  
Wontae Noh ◽  
Jooho Lee ◽  
Jamie Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Yttrium Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Layer Deposition

The thermal atomic layer deposition (ThALD) of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) was developed using the newly designed, liquid precursor, Y(EtCp)2(iPr2-amd), as the yttrium source in combination with different oxygen sources, such as ozone, water and even molecular oxygen. Saturation was observed for the growth of the Y2O3 films within an ALD window of 300 to 450 °C and a growth per cycle (GPC) up to 1.1 Å. The resulting Y2O3 films possess a smooth and crystalline structure, while avoiding any carbon and nitrogen contamination, as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The films showed strong resistance to fluorine-containing plasma, outperforming other resistant materials, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride and alumina. Interestingly, the hydrophilic character exhibited by the film could be switched to hydrophobic after exposure to air, with water contact angles exceeding 90°. After annealing under N2 flow at 600 °C for 4 min, the hydrophobicity was lost, but proved recoverable after prolonged air exposure or intentional hydrocarbon exposure. The origin of these changes in hydrophobicity was examined.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Lightweight Cementitious Composite Reinforced with Different Fibre Types and the Effect of Silane-Based Admixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Geok Wen Leong ◽  
Hui Loo Chua ◽  
Kim Hung Mo ◽  
Zainah Ibrahim ◽  
Zhi Pin Loh
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
Softening Coefficient

This study aims to develop a type of fine-grained lightweight concrete, also known as lightweight cementitious composite (LCC), containing perlite microsphere (PM) and fibres with enhanced impermeability. The effect of polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and basalt fibres on the fresh and hardened properties of LCC was investigated. Besides, silane-based water repellent admixture was incorporated to reduce the water absorption and enhance the hydrophobicity of LCC. The dry densities of LCC developed were in the range of 912–985 kg/m3. PP fibres have lesser influence on the strengths of LCC. However, PVA fibres enhanced the strength of LCC by up to 35.2% and 28% in the compressive strength and flexural strength, respectively, while the basalt fibres increased both strengths up to 30.1% and 43.5%, respectively. By considering the overall performance, LCC with 0.5% PVA fibres has achieved a good balance in workability and strength. Additionally, silane-based water repellent admixture had an excellent effect in reducing the water absorption and improving the hydrophobicity of LCC. By incorporating 1% of silane-based water repellent admixture, the LCC with 0.5% PVA fibres obtained water-resistant properties with the softening coefficient of 0.85 and water contact angle of 128.2°. In conclusion, a combination of PVA-LCC with 1% waterproofing admixture showed the best performance in terms of mechanical strength as well as hydrophobic properties and had the potential to be used in the fabrication of concrete façade.

scholarly journals Hydrophobic Leather Coating for Footwear Applications by a Low-Pressure Plasma Polymerisation Process

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3549
Author(s):  
Carlos Ruzafa Silvestre ◽  
María Pilar Carbonell Blasco ◽  
Saray Ricote López ◽  
Henoc Pérez Aguilar ◽  
María Ángeles Pérez Limiñana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Functional Coatings ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Hydrophobic Coatings ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma ◽  
Plasma Polymerisation

The aim of this work is to develop hydrophobic coatings on leather materials by plasma polymerisation with a low-pressure plasma system using an organosilicon compound, such as hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), as chemical precursor. The hydrophobic coatings obtained by this plasma process were evaluated with different experimental techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and standardised tests including colour measurements of the samples, surface coating thickness and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The results obtained indicated that the monomer had polymerised correctly and completely on the leather surface creating an ultra-thin layer based on polysiloxane. The surface modification produced a water repellent effect on the leather that does not alter the visual appearance and haptic properties. Therefore, the application of the plasma deposition process showed promising results that makes it a more sustainable alternative to conventional functional coatings, thus helping to reduce the use of hazardous chemicals in the finishing process of footwear manufacturing.

scholarly journals Artificial Superhydrophobic and Antifungal Surface on Goose Down by Cold Plasma Treatment

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Ryszard Kapica ◽  
Justyna Markiewicz ◽  
Ewa Tyczkowska-Sieroń ◽  
Maciej Fronczak ◽  
Jacek Balcerzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Plasma Modification ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lotus Leaves ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

Plasma treatment, especially cold plasma generated under low pressure, is currently the subject of many studies. An important area using this technique is the deposition of thin layers (films) on the surfaces of different types of materials, e.g., textiles, polymers, metals. In this study, the goose down was coated with a thin layer, in a two-step plasma modification process, to create an artificial superhydrophobic surface similar to that observed on lotus leaves. This layer also exhibited antifungal properties. Two types of precursors for plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were applied: hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSN). The changes in the contact angle, surface morphology, chemical structure, and composition in terms of the applied precursors and modification conditions were investigated based on goniometry (CA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The microbiological analyses were also performed using various fungal strains. The obtained results showed that the surface of the goose down became superhydrophobic after the plasma process, with contact angles as high as 161° ± 2°, and revealed a very high resistance to fungi.

Low Temperature Deposition of Transparent Ultra Water-Repellent Thin Films by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

2001 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunying Wu ◽  
Yasushi Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Sugimura ◽  
Osamu Takai
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Preparation Conditions

ABSTRACTOne of the most common methods for obtaining water repellent surfaces is spreading fluoropolymer or fluoroalkylsilane onto substrates. However, this method is not applicable to low heat-resistant substrates such as plastics, since after spreading, the method requires a heating process which is generally conducted at a temperature of about 600K. The objective of this study is the preparation of ultra water-repellent and optically transparent thin films at low temperatures below 373K. The films were deposited by means of microwave plasma enhanced plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) using organosilane, that is, trimethylmethoxysilane (TMMOS) as a source with adding Ar, CO2, N2, O2 or air as an excitation gas. Under optimized preparation conditions, films with water contact angles more than 150 degrees and optical transparencies more than 90% were successfully fabricated.

Interactions of Ge Atoms with High- ê Oxide Dielectric Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. Stanley ◽  
John G. Ekerdt
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Tungsten Filament ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dielectric Surfaces ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ge Nanocrystals

AbstractGe is deposited on HfO2 surfaces by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with GeH4. 0.7-1.0 ML GeHx (x = 0-3) is deposited by thermally cracking GeH4 on a hot tungsten filament. Ge oxidation and bonding are studied at 300-1000 K with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ge, GeH, GeO, and GeO2 desorption are measured with temperature programmed desorption (TPD) at 400-1000 K. Ge initially reacts with the dielectric forming an oxide layer followed by Ge deposition and formation of nanocrystals in CVD at 870 K. 0.7-1.0 ML GeHx deposited by cracking rapidly forms a contacting oxide layer on HfO2 that is stable from 300-800 K. Ge is fully removed from the HfO2 surface after annealing to 1000 K. These results help explain the stability of Ge nanocrystals in contact with HfO2.

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