scholarly journals Solution-Based Processing for Scaffold Fabrication in Tissue Engineering Applications: A Brief Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Elisa Capuana ◽  
Francesco Lopresti ◽  
Francesco Carfì Pavia ◽  
Valerio Brucato ◽  
Vincenzo La Carrubba
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
General Information ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Technological Strategies ◽  
Highly Porous

The fabrication of 3D scaffolds is under wide investigation in tissue engineering (TE) because of its incessant development of new advanced technologies and the improvement of traditional processes. Currently, scientific and clinical research focuses on scaffold characterization to restore the function of missing or damaged tissues. A key for suitable scaffold production is the guarantee of an interconnected porous structure that allows the cells to grow as in native tissue. The fabrication techniques should meet the appropriate requirements, including feasible reproducibility and time- and cost-effective assets. This is necessary for easy processability, which is associated with the large range of biomaterials supporting the use of fabrication technologies. This paper presents a review of scaffold fabrication methods starting from polymer solutions that provide highly porous structures under controlled process parameters. In this review, general information of solution-based technologies, including freeze-drying, thermally or diffusion induced phase separation (TIPS or DIPS), and electrospinning, are presented, along with an overview of their technological strategies and applications. Furthermore, the differences in the fabricated constructs in terms of pore size and distribution, porosity, morphology, and mechanical and biological properties, are clarified and critically reviewed. Then, the combination of these techniques for obtaining scaffolds is described, offering the advantages of mimicking the unique architecture of tissues and organs that are intrinsically difficult to design.

Porous and strong three-dimensional carbon nanotube coated ceramic scaffolds for tissue engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (42) ◽  
pp. 8337-8347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Newman ◽  
Z. Lu ◽  
S. I. Roohani-Esfahani ◽  
T. L. Church ◽  
M. Biro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
High Quality

A method to coat high-quality uniform coatings of carbon nanotubes throughout 3D porous structures is developed. Testing of their physical and biological properties demonstrate their potential for application in tissue engineering.

Novel and naturally derived Hydroxyapatite/cellulose nanofibre/curcumin biocomposite for tissue engineering applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridevi S ◽  
Ramya S ◽  
Kavitha L ◽  
Gopi Dhanaraj
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp) based composite materials are attaining increasing interest as a potential therapeutic agent for tissue engineering application. In the present study, HAp based composite material is synthesized from biowaste in a cost effective way. Fish bone derived HAp is combined with a cellulose nanofibre (CNF) and curcumin (Cur) as a composite for enhanced thermal, biological and mechanical properties. The HAp/CNF/Cur composite is prepared with different concentrations of CNF (1–3.wt%) and Cur (0.5–1.5 wt%), respectively. Different characterization techniques like Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and thermal gravimetric (TGA) analysis were engaged to assess the functional groups, phase composition, morphology, elemental composition and thermal analysis of the composite. The mechanical strength of the composite is examined using Vickers micro-hardness test. In addition, antibacterial nature of the composite is evaluated against negative and positive bacteria. The viability of human osteosarcoma MG 63 cells over the composite is studied at different concentrations of 1, 3, 7, 10 and 15 µg for 24 h of incubation. Overall, the present investigation shows that the as-synthesized HAp/CNF/Cur composite with enhanced thermal, mechanical and biological properties will be a prospective aspirant for tissue engineering therapeutics.

Investigation of the Effect of Electrospun Polyethersulfone Nanofibers in Membrane

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Shahgaldi ◽  
Zahira Yaakob ◽  
Mostafa Ghasemi ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud ◽  
Dariush Jafar Khadem
Keyword(s):  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Nanostructure Materials ◽  
Large Production ◽  
1D Nanostructure ◽  
Pes Membrane ◽  
Highly Porous

One dimensional (1D) nanostructure materials such as nanowires, nanofibers, and nanorods with porous structures have potential for use in various applications. Electrospinning is one of the versatile techniques with the ability of producing cost-effective, large production, highly porous nanofibers and membrane with large surface to volume ratios. Poly ether sulfone (PES) is a kind of special engineering plastic with good processing characteristics. In this paper, synthesis of PES membrane was investigated by two main methods, i.e. phase inversion and electrospiing. For electrospining, the main effective parameters such as concentration of polymer and solvent, for finding the optimized condition of electrospun PES membrane was studied. The produced membranes were characterized by SEM for morphology and BET observation of surface area, permeability, flux, and mechanical propertise for different applications.

scholarly journals Review of Synthetic and Hybrid Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Monika Wasyłeczko ◽  
Wioleta Sikorska ◽  
Andrzej Chwojnowski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
General Information ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Cellular Environment

Cartilage tissue is under extensive investigation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies because of its limited regenerative potential. Currently, many scaffolds are undergoing scientific and clinical research. A key for appropriate scaffolding is the assurance of a temporary cellular environment that allows the cells to function as in native tissue. These scaffolds should meet the relevant requirements, including appropriate architecture and physicochemical and biological properties. This is necessary for proper cell growth, which is associated with the adequate regeneration of cartilage. This paper presents a review of the development of scaffolds from synthetic polymers and hybrid materials employed for the engineering of cartilage tissue and regenerative medicine. Initially, general information on articular cartilage and an overview of the clinical strategies for the treatment of cartilage defects are presented. Then, the requirements for scaffolds in regenerative medicine, materials intended for membranes, and methods for obtaining them are briefly described. We also describe the hybrid materials that combine the advantages of both synthetic and natural polymers, which provide better properties for the scaffold. The last part of the article is focused on scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering that have been confirmed by undergoing preclinical and clinical tests.

scholarly journals Chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite bone tissue engineering scaffolds with dual and decoupled therapeutic ion delivery: copper and strontium

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 6109-6124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Gritsch ◽  
Muhammad Maqbool ◽  
Viviana Mouriño ◽  
Francesca E. Ciraldo ◽  
Mark Cresswell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Porous Composite ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Composite

Porous composite scaffolds with decoupled ion release of copper and strontium were fabricated and characterized: a reproducible and cost-effective approach to obtain constructs with tailored release profiles and promising biological properties.

Characteristic of Pore Structure and Cells Growth on the Various Ratio of Silk Fibroin and Hydroxyapatite in Chitosan Base Scaffold

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittiya Thunsiri ◽  
Suruk Udomsom ◽  
Wassanai Wattanutchariya
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
Porosity Percentage

In this study, Chitosan (CS), Silk Fibroin (SF), and Hydroxyapatite (HA) were selected for scaffold fabrication. The scaffolds were fabricated by freeze drying technique to produce a porous structure. Silk cocoons and bovine bone were used to synthesize the SF and HA, respectively. While CS was produced from commercialized product made from squid pen. The CS was selected as a main structure of the scaffold which was fixed at 50% by weight ratio of the specimen. Another fifty percent are the various ratio of HA and SF. The result confirmed the extraction of silk cocoons and bovine bones were acceptable used as HA and SF. The HA and SF ratio that provided the highest porosity percentage was 25:25, while the highest percentage of cells growth in 7 and 21 days was 50:0 ratio. According to MTT-assay results, the scaffolds in every ratio could be used as a tissue engineering structure for cell proliferation as well as cartilage repairing in the future.

Effects of Fibroin Treatments on Physical and Biological Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Fibroin Bone's Scaffold

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassanai Wattanutchariya ◽  
Kittiya Thunsiri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Bone Repairing ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Near Future

The development of bio-mimetic scaffold for tissue engineering proposed a novel method to tissue or bone repairing. The biological and physical properties of the scaffold have been recognizing such as biocompatibility, porosity, pore size, and biodegradability. In this work, Chitosan, Hydroxyapatite (HA), and Fibroin were used for bone's scaffold fabrication by freeze drying technique. Those materials are known as biodegradable materials that serve different properties in bone's scaffold. In common fabrication process, the fibroin treatment is requiring for increasing the stiffness of the fibers. Recently, the fibroin treatment is process before the scaffold fabrication. However, the treatment could process after the scaffold fabrication complete. Thus, we compared the biological and physical of the scaffolds between three conditions of fibroin treatment that consist of 1) Non-treatment (NON), 2) Pre-treatment (PRE), and 3) Post-treatment (POST). From the result, both of biological and physical properties, the PRE porous scaffold is the appropriated condition for this research. Finally, we are looking forward to compare the growth of osteoblast cells on the scaffold with different fibroin treatment and aim to implant those scaffolds for bone repairing in the very near future.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of TPP-Chitosan Crosslinked Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Silvestro ◽  
Iolanda Francolini ◽  
Valerio Di Lisio ◽  
Andrea Martinelli ◽  
Loris Pietrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physico Chemical

Scaffolds are three-dimensional porous structures that must have specific requirements to be applied in tissue engineering. Therefore, the study of factors affecting scaffold performance is of great importance. In this work, the optimal conditions for cross-linking preformed chitosan (CS) scaffolds by the tripolyphosphate polyanion (TPP) were investigated. The effect on scaffold physico-chemical properties of different concentrations of chitosan (1 and 2% w/v) and tripolyphosphate (1 and 2% w/v) as well as of cross-linking reaction times (2, 4, or 8 h) were studied. It was evidenced that a low CS concentration favored the formation of three-dimensional porous structures with a good pore interconnection while the use of more severe conditions in the cross-linking reaction (high TPP concentration and crosslinking reaction time) led to scaffolds with a suitable pore homogeneity, thermal stability, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties, but having a low pore interconnectivity. Preliminary biocompatibility tests showed a good osteoblasts’ viability when cultured on the scaffold obtained by CS 1%, TPP 1%, and an 8-h crosslinking time. These findings suggest how modulation of scaffold cross-linking conditions may permit to obtain chitosan scaffold with properly tuned morphological, mechanical and biological properties for application in the tissue regeneration field.

PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffold incorporating simvastatin: a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Beatriz Sordi ◽  
Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz ◽  
Águedo Aragones ◽  
Mabel Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro ◽  
Ricardo de Souza Magini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Porosity Analysis ◽  
Biphasic Ceramic

The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate degradation and biocompatibility of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite / β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA/βTCP) scaffolds incorporating simvastatin (SIM) to verify if this biomaterial might be promising for bone tissue engineering. Samples were obtained by the solvent evaporation technique. Biphasic ceramic particles (70% HA, 30% βTCP) were added to PLGA in a ratio of 1:1. Samples with SIM received 1% (m:m) of this medication. Scaffolds were synthesized in a cylindric-shape and sterilized by ethylene oxide. For degradation analysis, samples were immersed in PBS at 37 °C under constant stirring for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Non-degraded samples were taken as reference. Mass variation, scanning electron microscopy, porosity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry were performed to evaluate physico-chemical properties. Wettability and cytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility. Microscopic images revealed the presence of macro, meso, and micropores in the polymer structure with HA/βTCP particles homogeneously dispersed. Chemical and thermal analyses presented very similar results for both PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM. The incorporation of simvastatin improved the hydrophilicity of scaffolds. Additionally, PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM scaffolds were biocompatible for osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. In summary, PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffolds incorporating simvastatin presented adequate structural, chemical, thermal, and biological properties for bone tissue engineering.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sustainable resources and their use as antibacterial agents: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Jyoti ◽  
Punyasloka Pattnaik ◽  
Tej Singh
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Low Toxicity

Background:: Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has attracted extensive vitality in numerous research areas such as drug delivery, biomedicine, catalysis etc. where continuous efforts are being made by scientists and engineers to investigate new dimensions for both technological and industrial advancements. Amongst numerous metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is a novel metal species with low toxicity, higher stability and significant chemical, physical and biological properties. Methods:: In this, various methods for the fabrication of AgNPs are summarized. Importantly, we concentrated on the role of reducing agents of different plants parts, various working conditions such as AgNO3 concentration; ratio of AgNO3/extract; incubation time; centrifugal conditions, size and shapes. Results:: This study suggested that eco-friendly and non toxic biomolecules present in the extracts (e.g. leaf, stem and root) of plants are used as reducing and capping agents for silver nanoparticles fabrication. This method of fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plants extracts is comparatively cost-effective and simple. A silver salt is simply reduced by biomolecules present in the extracts of these plants. In this review, we have emphasized the synthesis and antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles using various plant extracts. Conclusion:: Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have advantage over the other physical methods, as it is safe, eco-friendly and simple to use. Plants have huge potential for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles of wide potential of applications with desired shape and size.

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