scholarly journals Sophorolipid-Based Oligomers as Polyol Components for Polyurethane Systems

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2001
Author(s):  
Maresa Sonnabend ◽  
Suzanne G. Aubin ◽  
Annette M. Schmidt ◽  
Marc C. Leimenstoll
Keyword(s):  
Special Property ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Hydroxyl Fatty Acids ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Novel Products

Due to reasons of sustainability and conservation of resources, polyurethane (PU)-based systems with preferably neutral carbon footprints are in increased focus of research and development. The proper design and development of bio-based polyols are of particular interest since such polyols may have special property profiles that allow the novel products to enter new applications. Sophorolipids (SL) represent a bio-based toolbox for polyol building blocks to yield diverse chemical products. For a reasonable evaluation of the potential for PU chemistry, however, further investigations in terms of synthesis, derivatization, reproducibility, and reactivity towards isocyanates are required. It was demonstrated that SL can act as crosslinker or as plasticizer in PU systems depending on employed stoichiometry. (ω-1)-hydroxyl fatty acids can be derived from SL and converted successively to polyester polyols and PU. Additionally, (ω-1)-hydroxyl fatty acid azides can be prepared indirectly from SL and converted to A/B type PU by Curtius rearrangement.

Electrochemical Oxidative Esterification of Thiophenols: Efficient Access to Sulfinic Esters

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 540-547
Author(s):  
Chun-Hui Yang ◽  
Cheng Wu ◽  
Jun-Ming Zhang ◽  
Xiang-Zhang Tao ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Oxidative Esterification ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Sulfinic Esters

Background: The sulfinic esters are important and useful building blocks in organic synthesis. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of sulfinic esters. Materials and Methods: Constant current electrolysis from thiols and alcohols was selected as the method for the synthesis of sulfinic esters. Results and Discussion: A novel electrochemical method for the synthesis of sulfinic esters from thiophenols and alcohols has been developed. Up to 27 examples of sulfinic esters have been synthesized using the current methods. This protocol shows good functional group tolerance as well as high efficiency. In addition, this protocol can be easily scaled up with good efficiency. Notably, heterocycle-containing substrates, including pyridine, thiophene, and benzothiazole, gave the desired products in good yields. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed. Conclusion: This research not only provides a green and efficient method for the synthesis of sulfinic esters but also shows new applications of electrochemistry in organic synthesis. It is considered that this green and efficient synthetic protocol used to prepare sulfinic esters will have good applications in the future.

scholarly journals Health and Risk Behaviors of Bystanders: An Integrative Theoretical Model of Bystanders’ Reactions to Mistreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5552
Author(s):  
Yariv Itzkovich ◽  
Ella Barhon ◽  
Rachel Lev-Wiesel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
New Applications

This article constructs a comprehensive theoretical model that outlines bystanders’ emotional and behavioral responses to the mistreatment of adolescent peers. The model captures bystanders’ risk and health risk behaviors, which have been overlooked in the context of their reactions; when addressed at all in connection with bystanders of bullying among adolescents, they have been treated separately. Here, we present bystanders’ emotional and cognitive reactions and their impact on bystanders’ responses including a set of responses that demonstrate risk and health risk behaviors that are directed to the bystander as a victim by proxy. The theoretical framework is the conservation of resources theory, which posits that personal resources (i.e., potency and moral disengagement) and social resources impact the process that leads to bystanders’ reactions. Previous models have overlooked the integrative viewpoint of bystanders, and comprehensive models that explain bystanders’ behavioral and emotional responses have received little attention especially with regards to adolescents. Two recent models overlooked core features embedded in the current model, including the risk and health risk behaviors that it integrates. The proposed model presents a novel and more comprehensive view of bystanders’ reactions and the process underlying these reactions. It integrates existing knowledge embedded in other existing models. At the same time, this perspective indicates the centricity of potency as a key resource that dictates the emotional response and behaviors of bystanders. This potentially allows for new applications in the mitigation of adverse impacts that follow the witnessing of mistreatment. The article discusses these applications, which are based on previous findings, their implications for practice, and directions for future empirical research necessary to validate the model.

Biomimetic Compliant System for Smart Actuator-Driven Aquatic Propulsion: Preliminary Results

Aerospace ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Trease ◽  
Kerr-Jia Lu ◽  
Sridhar Kota
Keyword(s):  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Compliant Mechanism ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Rib Structure ◽  
Actuator System ◽  
Smart Actuator ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Estimate System

Biomimetic design takes principles from nature to employ in engineering problems. Such designs are hoped to be quiet, efficient, robust, and versatile, having taken advantage of optimization via natural selection. However, the emulation of specific biological devices poses a great challenge because of complicated, arbitrary, and over-redundant designs. Compliant mechanisms are of immediate appeal in addressing the problem of complex, biomimetic deformation because of their inherent flexibility and distributed compliance. The goal of this research is to develop a biologically-inspired hydrofoil for aquatic propulsion, by assembling planar compliant mechanism building blocks to generate complex 3-D deformations. The building block is a rib structure generated from topology optimization. An ADAMS model is then created to quickly visualize motion and estimate system characteristics. System refinement is achieved through further size and shape optimization of individual ribs. Testing of a single-rib and dual-actuator system is currently in progress. The preliminary results have demonstrated the potential of this combined approach to quickly identify and evaluate new applications that may result from building blocks.

Dark parameterization approach to the Benjamin–Ono equation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (27) ◽  
pp. 2050247
Author(s):  
Jin-Xi Fei ◽  
Wei-Ping Cao ◽  
Zheng-Yi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Wave Solution ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Traveling Wave Solution ◽  
Explicit Solutions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Localized Excitations ◽  
Coupling Equations

The novel coupling Benjamin–Ono system is obtained with the dark parameterization approach.By solving these coupling equations, three typical explicit solutions including the traveling wave solution are constructed through the special property of the anyon-[Formula: see text] algebra. Several novel types of localized excitations are depicted with some solutions.

Analysis of research trends and constructs in context to lean six sigma frameworks

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Yadav ◽  
Dinesh Seth ◽  
Tushar N. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Usage Stage ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Unique Study ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The literature of lean six sigma (LSS) is flooded with frameworks. But to date, there has been no attempt to expose the inconsistencies in the existing frameworks and associated research trends. The purpose of this paper is to critically review 26 LSS frameworks and highlight inconsistencies. The study also helps in analysing research trends and constructs of LSS frameworks, and facilitates new applications. Design/methodology/approach It uses Scopus database and finalises 26 frameworks in the LSS domain considering a timeframe from 2000 to 2017, using a structured literature review approach and involving domain experts. It uses a battery of systematic requirements-based questions to understand trends and covers building blocks/constructs also. Findings It reveals inconsistencies at three different stages, namely, the framework stage, usage stage capturing existing research trends and construct stage. It also offers details at building block/construct level. Thus, it offers guidance in reducing inconsistencies and possible modifications in the existing frameworks. It not only exposes existing constructs and sub-constructs but also guides about the new upcoming changes in the business influencing the LSS domain. It also educates about the strengths and weaknesses of each framework. Research limitations/implications This study tries to reduce inconsistencies, but does not offer new generalised or sector-specific framework. Practical implications This study will assist for modification/corrections in the existing frameworks by reducing inconsistencies and will encourage new frameworks to facilitate applications. Originality/value This is a unique study which offers frameworks-based review, portrays research trends and guides about constructs of a framework by exposing inconsistencies at each stage. It helps in reducing inconsistencies and offers guidance regarding modifications in the LSS framework considering upcoming challenges.

Language as Prayer in Finnegans Wake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Jaurretche
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Genetic Criticism ◽  
Literary Scholarship ◽  
Finnegans Wake ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Creating Meaning

James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake abounds with prayers from all traditions, and their echoes and cadences may be found on almost every page. Bringing together thinkers from antiquity, the Middle Ages, early Enlightenment, and the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this book argues that Joyce views prayer as theory of language. It gives Joyce a verbal strategy for discussing immaterial things from which he composes his book of the night: image, magic, dreams, and speech. Beginning with the second-century theologian Origen’s treatise On Prayer, as well as the eighteenth-century philosopher and rhetorician Giambattista Vico’s theories of the formation of language and culture, the book argues that Joyce’s use of language as prayer works progressively across the four sections of the novel, creating meaning from its otherwise discrete and associative arrangement. Since Plato, the culture has recognized that religious utterances possess unique characteristics, yet analytical philosophy and literary scholarship have not produced a focused study of prayer. And although brilliant and essential work in the field of genetic criticism shows us Joyce’s building blocks and methods of creation, no book suggests why Finnegans Wake follows the finished order it does. This work meets those needs.

Human CYP27A1 catalyzes hydroxylation of β-sitosterol and ergosterol

2016 ◽  
Vol 397 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Ehrhardt ◽  
Adrian Gerber ◽  
Josef Zapp ◽  
Frank Hannemann ◽  
Rita Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Current Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Redox Partners ◽  
Adrenodoxin Reductase ◽  
Novel Products

Abstract β-Sitosterol and ergosterol are the equivalents of cholesterol in plants and fungi, respectively, and common sterols in the human diet. In the current work, both were identified as novel CYP27A1 substrates by in vitro experiments applying purified human CYP27A1 and its redox partners adrenodoxin (Adx) and adrenodoxin reductase (AdR). A Bacillus megaterium based biocatalyst recombinantly expressing the same proteins was utilized for the conversion of the substrates to obtain sufficient amounts of the novel products for a structural NMR analysis. β-Sitosterol was found to be converted into 26-hydroxy-β-sitosterol and 29-hydroxy-β-sitosterol, whereas ergosterol was converted into 24-hydroxyergosterol, 26-hydroxyergosterol and 28-hydroxyergosterol.

scholarly journals Unsur Pembangun dalam Sastra Anak Novel Mata di Tanah Melus Karya Okky Madasari: Kajian Strukturalisme

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Nur Cahyati ◽  
Heny Friantary ◽  
Ixsir Eliya
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Collection Data

Children's literature produced in Indonesia it self is not too much and studies are rarely carried out. Therefore, it is important to have an assessment of children's literature, especially novels. The research objective was to describe the building blocks in Okky Madasari's Mata di Tanah Melus novel. The approach used in this research is a structuralism approach. The research method used content analysis method. The data source is the novel Mata di Tanah Melus by Okky Madasari. The research time was carried out for one month. Data collection techniques using library techniques. The data collection instrument was the novel Mata di Tanah Melus by Okky Madasari. The data validity technique uses credibility testing techniques, namely increasing persistence and using reference materials. Data analysis in this study used Miles and Huberman's analysis model, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the building blocks found in the novel Mata di Tanah Melus, namely the facts of the story in the form of a forward plot. The main character is Matara, the supporting character consists of 18 people, the white character consists of 5 people, and the black character is the Hunters. The setting consists of 17 places. The time setting occurs in the morning, noon, and night. The socio-cultural background raises the culture of the Melus Tribe. The theme raised in the novel Mata di Tanah Melus is the theme of humanity. The means of the story are titles and points of view. The title of the novel contains two meanings and experiences semantic distortion. The point of view used is the main actor's first person point of view

scholarly journals The role of resources in recombinations and the degree of novelty of products

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-556
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Camani
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Resource Characteristics ◽  
Novel Products

Objective of the study: To explain the characteristics and dynamics of resources and recombinations associated with developing products with low and high novelty.Methodology/Approach: The method was an integrative review of the literature on recombinant innovation. It included a creative synthesis that resulted in a theoretical model. Originality/Relevance: The research addresses topics the literature neglects, like explaining which resources and recombinations and why could relate to high or low product novelty.Main results: Certain features of resources (i.e., heterogeneity, specificity, accessibility) with high and low levels may differently influence costs, variety, and frequency of recombinations and, in turn, product novelty. To develop highly novel products, tangible resources, and internally produced new resources may be essential, as knowledge by itself may not be sufficient.Theoretical contributions: Different resource characteristics and their influence on recombinations may help explain whether a product will have low or high novelty. By going beyond the novel recombinations, the research expands the literature's understanding of recombinations and product novelty.Managerial contributions: Companies could assess ex ante which degree of product novelty besides types and costs of recombinations would result from their pools of resources. This assessment would make innovation more efficient for companies with fewer resources, like may occur in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Synthesis of ω-Hydroxydodecanoic Acid By Employing a Cytochrome P450 from Limnobacter sp. 105 MED

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Yeon Joo ◽  
Hee-Wang Yoo ◽  
Sharad Sarak ◽  
Byung-Gee Kim ◽  
Hyungdon Yun
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Redox Partners ◽  
Hydroxylated Fatty Acids ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Optimized Conditions

ω-Hydroxylated fatty acids are valuable and versatile building blocks for the production of various adhesives, lubricants, cosmetic intermediates, etc. The biosynthesis of ω-hydroxydodecanoic acid from vegetable oils is one of the important green pathways for their chemical-based synthesis. In the present study, the novel monooxygenase CYP153AL.m from Limnobacter sp. 105 MED was used for the whole-cell biotransformations. We constructed three-component system that was comprised of CYP153AL.m, putidaredoxin and putidaredoxin reductase from Pseudomonas putida. This in vivo study demonstrated that CYP153AL.m is a powerful catalyst for the biosynthesis of ω-hydroxydodecanoic acid. Under optimized conditions, the application of a solid-state powdered substrate rather than a substrate dissolved in DMSO significantly enhanced the overall reaction titer of the process. By employing this efficient system, 2 g/L of 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid (12-OHDDA) was produced from 4 g/L of its corresponding fatty acid, which was namely dodecanoic acid. Furthermore, the system was extended to produce 3.28 g/L of 12-OHDDA using 4 g/L of substrate by introducing native redox partners. These results demonstrate the utility of CYP153AL.m-catalyzed biotransformations in the industrial production of 12-OHDDA and other valuable building blocks.

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