scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatment toward Glycerol-Based, Photocurable Polymeric Scaffold: Mechanical, Degradation and Biocompatibility

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1960
Author(s):  
Wai-Sam Ao-Ieong ◽  
Shin-Tian Chien ◽  
Wei-Cheng Jiang ◽  
Shaw-Fang Yet ◽  
Jane Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Polymeric Scaffold

Photocurable polymers have become increasingly important for their quick prototyping and high accuracy when used in three dimensional (3D) printing. However, some of the common photocurable polymers are known to be brittle, cytotoxic and present low impact resistance, all of which limit their applications in medicine. In this study, thermal treatment was studied for its effect and potential applications on the mechanical properties, degradability and biocompatibility of glycerol-based photocurable polymers, poly(glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA). In addition to the slight increase in elongation at break, a two-fold increase in both Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength were also observed after thermal treatment for the production of thermally treated PGSA (tPGSA). Moreover, the degradation rate of tPGSA significantly decreased due to the increase in crosslinking density in thermal treatment. The significant increase in cell viability and metabolic activity on both flat films and 3D-printed scaffolds via digital light processing-additive manufacturing (DLP-AM) demonstrated high in vitro biocompatibility of tPGSA. The histological studies and immune staining indicated that tPGSA elicited minimum immune responses. In addition, while many scaffolds suffer from instability through sterilization processes, it was proven that once glycerol-based polymers have been treated thermally, the influence of autoclaving the scaffolds were minimized. Therefore, thermal treatment is considered an effective method for the overall enhancement and stabilization of photocurable glycerol-based polymeric scaffolds in medicine-related applications.

Silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite reinforced fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1392-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Deniz Dalgic ◽  
Ammar Z. Alshemary ◽  
Ayşen Tezcaner ◽  
Dilek Keskin ◽  
Zafer Evis
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

In this study, novel graphene oxide–incorporated silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite composites were prepared and their potential use for bone tissue engineering was investigated by developing an electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold. Nanocomposite groups were synthesized to have two different ratios of graphene oxide (2 and 4 wt%) to evaluate the effect of graphene oxide incorporation and groups with different silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite content was prepared to investigate optimum concentrations of both silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite and graphene oxide. Three-dimensional poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were prepared by wet electrospinning and reinforced with silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite groups to improve bone regeneration potency. Microstructural and chemical characteristics of the scaffolds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Protein adsorption and desorption on material surfaces were studied using fetal bovine serum. Presence of graphene oxide in the scaffold, dramatically increased the protein adsorption with decreased desorption. In vitro biocompatibility studies were conducted using human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2). Electrospun scaffold group that was prepared with effective concentrations of silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite and graphene oxide particles (poly(ε-caprolactone) – 10% silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite – 4% graphene oxide) showed improved adhesion, spreading, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to other scaffold groups.

scholarly journals Injectable Alginate-Peptide Composite Hydrogel as a Scaffold for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumita Ghosh ◽  
Michal Halperin-Sternfeld ◽  
Itzhak Grinberg ◽  
Lihi Adler-Abramovich
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Composite Hydrogel ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility

The high demand for tissue engineering scaffolds capable of inducing bone regeneration using minimally invasive techniques prompts the need for the development of new biomaterials. Herein, we investigate the ability of Alginate incorporated with the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (FmocFF) peptide composite hydrogel to serve as a potential biomaterial for bone regeneration. We demonstrate that the incorporation of the self-assembling peptide, FmocFF, in sodium alginate leads to the production of a rigid, yet injectable, hydrogel without the addition of cross-linking agents. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a nanofibrous structure which mimics the natural bone extracellular matrix. The formed composite hydrogel exhibits thixotropic behavior and a high storage modulus of approximately 10 kPA, as observed in rheological measurements. The in vitro biocompatibility tests carried out with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells demonstrate good cell viability and adhesion to the hydrogel fibers. This composite scaffold can induce osteogenic differentiation and facilitate calcium mineralization, as shown by Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and RT-PCR analysis. The high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and similarity to the native extracellular matrix suggest the utilization of this hydrogel as a temporary three-dimensional cellular microenvironment promoting bone regeneration.

Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Coatings Produced on Titanium by Oxygen-Plasma Immersion and Cell Behaviour on TiO2

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. Uzumaki ◽  
A.R. Santos ◽  
C.S. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Titanium Substrates

Plasma immersion process was investigated as a method for producing bioceramics coatings on metallic implants due to its advantages, which include the production of coatings on three-dimensional workpieces, with high density and superior adhesion. In this process, the oxygen plasma was utilized to form titanium oxide on titanium substrate. The structure, composition and surface morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. In addition a preliminary study has also been carried out, on TiO2-coated and uncoated titanium substrates, to analyse the in vitro biocompatibility (cytotoxicity evaluation and cell morphology).

scholarly journals A Proposed In Vitro Methodology for Assessing the Accuracy of Three-Dimensionally Printed Dental Models and the Impact of Storage on Dimensional Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5994
Author(s):  
Li Hsin Lin ◽  
Joshua Granatelli ◽  
Frank Alifui-Segbaya ◽  
Laura Drake ◽  
Derek Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to propose a standardised methodology for assessing the accuracy of three-dimensional printed (3DP) full-arch dental models and the impact of storage using two printing technologies. A reference model (RM) comprising seven spheres was 3D-printed using digital light processing (MAX UV, MAX) and stereolithography (Form 2, F2) five times per printer. The diameter of the spheres (n = 35) represented the dimensional trueness (DT), while twenty-one vectors (n = 105) extending between the sphere centres represented the full-arch trueness (FT). Samples were measured at two (T1) and six (T2) weeks using a commercial profilometer to assess their dimensional stability. Significant (p < 0.05) contraction in DT occurred at T1 and T2 with a medium deviation of 108 µm and 99 µm for MAX, and 117 µm and 118 µm for F2, respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) deviations were detected for FT. The detected median deviations were evenly distributed across the arch for MAX at <50 µm versus F2, where the greatest error of 278 µm was in the posterior region. Storage did not significantly impact the model’s DT in contrast to FT (p < 0.05). The proposed methodology was able to assess the accuracy of 3DP. Storage significantly impacted the full-arch accuracy of the models up to 6 weeks post-printing.

scholarly journals Effects of Electromagnets on Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells Treated with Dendrimer Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3306
Author(s):  
Shadie Hatamie ◽  
Po-Jen Shih ◽  
Bo-Wei Chen ◽  
Hua-Ju Shih ◽  
I-Jong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Migration Assay ◽  
Vortex Pattern ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Cell Energy

To improve bovine corneal endothelial cell (BCEC) migration, enhance cell energy, and facilitate symmetric cell distribution in corneal surfaces, an electromagnet device was fabricated. Twenty nanometer superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with fourth-generation dendrimer macromolecules were synthesized, and their size and structure were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results confirmed the configuration of the dendrimer on the SPION surfaces. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. No significant toxicity was noted on BCECs within 24 h of incubation. In the cell migration assay, cells treated with dendrimer-coated SPIONs exhibited a relatively high wound healing rate under sample addition (1 μg/mL) under a magnetic field. Real-time PCR on BCECs treated with dendrimer-coated SPIONs revealed upregulation of specific genes, including AT1P1 and NCAM1, for BCECs-dendrimer-coated SPIONs under a magnetic field. The three-dimensional dispersion of BCECs containing dendrimer-coated SPIONs under a magnetic field was evaluated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results revealed the BCECs-SPION vortex pattern layers in the corneal surface corresponded to the electromagnet’s displacement from the ocular surface. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated that dendrimer-coated SPIONs can be used as a T2 contrast agent.

scholarly journals In Vitro Comparison of Surgical Implant Placement Accuracy Using Guides Fabricated by Three Different Additive Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuchai Anunmana ◽  
Chananchida Ueawitthayasuporn ◽  
Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen ◽  
Prakan Thanasrisuebwong
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Angular Deviation ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Guided Surgery ◽  
Surgical Guides

Various three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are commercially available on the market, but the influence of different technologies on the accuracy of implant-guided surgery is unclear. Thus, three printing technologies: Stereolithographic (SLA), Digital light processing (DLP), and Polyjet were evaluated in this study. An entire 30 polyurethane models replicated the clinical situation. Ten surgical guides were printed by SLA, DLP, and PolyJet. Then, implant-guided surgery was performed, and their accuracy outcomes were measured concerning angular deviation, 3D deviation at the entry point, and apex. On top of that, the total processing time was also compared. For the angular deviation, the mean deviation was not statistically significant among all technologies. For the 3D deviation, PolyJet was statistically more accurate than DLP (p = 0.002) and SLA (p = 0.017) at the entry point. PolyJet was also statistically more accurate than DLP (p = 0.007) in regards to 3D deviation at the apex. Within the limitation of this study, the deviations from the experiment showed that PolyJet had the best outcome regarding the 3D deviations at the entry point and at the apex, meanwhile, the DLP printer had the shortest processing time.

Comparison of different three dimensional-printed resorbable materials: In vitro biocompatibility, In vitro degradation rate, and cell differentiation support

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Raddatz ◽  
Marline Kirsch ◽  
Dominik Geier ◽  
Jörn Schaeske ◽  
Kevin Acreman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Resorbable Materials

Biodegradable materials play a crucial role in both material and medical sciences and are frequently used as a primary commodity for implants generation. Due to their material inherent properties, they are supposed to be entirely resorbed by the patients' body after fulfilling their task as a scaffold. This makes a second intervention (e.g. for implant removal) redundant and significantly enhances a patient’s post-operative life quality. At the moment, materials for resorbable and biodegradable implants (e.g. polylactic acid or poly-caprolactone polymers) are still intensively studied. They are able to provide mandatory demands such as mechanical strength and attributes needed for high-quality implants. Implants, however, not only need to be made of adequate material, but must also to be personalized in order to meet the customers’ needs. Combining three dimensional-printing and high-resolution imaging technologies a new age of implant production comes into sight. Three dimensional images (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography) of tissue defects can be utilized as digital blueprints for personalized implants. Modern additive manufacturing devices are able to use a variety of materials to fabricate custom parts within short periods of time. The combination of high-quality resorbable materials and personalized three dimensional-printing for the custom application will provide the patients with the best suitable and sustainable implants. In this study, we evaluated and compared four resorbable and three dimensional printable materials for their in vitro biocompatibility, in vitro rate of degradation, cell adherence and behavior on these materials as well as support of osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The tests were conducted with model constructs of 1 cm2 surface area fabricated with fused deposition modeling three dimensional-printing technology.

scholarly journals Demonstration of the direct impact of ketamine on urothelium using a tissue engineered bladder model

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bureau ◽  
Jérôme Pelletier ◽  
Alexandre Rousseau ◽  
Geneviève Bernard ◽  
Stéphane Chabaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Tissue ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Bladder Model

Introduction: Ketamine is a common recreational drug. Severe lower urinary tract symptoms associated with its consumption have been reported, but little is known about the involved mechanisms. The effect of ketamine, which is excreted in urine, was evaluated by its application on an in vitro three-dimensional human tissue-engineered bladder model composed of an urothelium and a submucosa.Methods: Human urothelial cells were cultured with medium containing various concentrations of ketamine and harvested at different times to obtain growth curves. Using this model, specific activity of caspase-3 was measured to assess the level of apoptosis induced by ketamine. Finally, a human tissue-engineered bladder model was used. Urothelial cells were plated on a stromal layer made of dermal fibroblasts and incubated at the air/liquid interface to allow their differentiation. Ketamine was then put on the mature urothelium using paper or agarose vectors for 48 hours.Results: The presence of ketamine increased cells’ doubling times from 1.26 days for control to 1.38 days (p = 0.14) and 1.78 days (p < 0.01) for the 0.5 mM and 1.5 mM concentrations, respectively. 5 mM and 10 mM of ketamine led to decline in the major cell population. Exposure to 5 mM ketamine induced apoptosis, confirmed by a 2.5-fold increase in capase-3 specific activity from control (p = 0.03). The structure and cellular cohesion of the urothelium on the three-dimensional model, especially in the intermediate layers, were severely affected in a concentration dependant fashion with both vectors.Conclusion: The presence of ketamine in the bladder directly damages the urothelium through the induction of apoptosis.

Biocompatible low temperature co-fired ceramic for biosensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000183-000186
Author(s):  
Jin Luo ◽  
Richard Eitel
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Pure Alumina ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽  
Delamination Cracks

Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) electronic packaging materials are applied for their ease of fabrication, three dimensional features and integration of multifunctional component, such as optical and electrical functions. For these reasons LTCC is attractive for biomedical microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip systems. However, commercial LTCC systems, optimized for microelectrics applications, are not designed for biomedical applications, and have unknown cytocompatibility. In the current work, LTCC has been developed starting with materials of known composition and biocompatibility. The developed LTCC, fabricated from a lime silicate glass and pure alumina, exhibits low sintering temperature (&lt;1000°C) and high density. Alumina reacts with the glass and forms anorthite type crystalline phase CaAl2Si2O8 at temperature 900°C. A commercial gold electrode paste has also been co-fired with the LTCC, with no delamination, cracks nor camber observed. In-vitro biocompatibility of LTCC has been evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HUVECs attach and spread on the surface of the LTCC substrates, and also in the leachate obtained by soaking LTCC in cell media for seven days. The cell density and percentage of live cells on LTCC surface are comparative with those of control. Results indicate the developed LTCC materials are biocompatible and suitable for biomedical applications.

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