scholarly journals Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Thet Khaing Aung ◽  
Hiroshi Churei ◽  
Gen Tanabe ◽  
Rio Kinjo ◽  
Kaito Togawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Honeycomb Structures ◽  
Polymer Sheets ◽  
3D Printed

Sports face guards (FGs) are devices that protect athletes from maxillofacial injury or ensure rapid return to play following orofacial damage. Conventional FGs are uncomfortable to wear owing to stuffiness caused by poor ventilation and often slip off due to increase in weight due to absorption of moisture from perspiration, lowering players’ performance. Herein, combinations of 3D-printed perforated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer sheets and 3D-knitted fabrics with honeycomb structures as cushioning materials were investigated to balance better wearing feel and mechanical properties. The flexural strength, weight, and shock absorption ability of, and air flow rate through, the ABS sheets with five different perforation patterns were evaluated and compared with those of conventional FG materials comprising a combination of polycaprolactone sheets for the medical splint and polychloroprene rubber for the cushioning material. The ABS sheets having 10% open area and 2.52 mm round holes, combined with knitted fabric cushioning, exhibited the requisite shock absorbing, higher air permeability, and lower weight properties than the conventional materials. Our results suggest that FGs fabricated using combinations of 3D-printed perforated ABS polymer sheets and 3D-knitted fabrics with honeycomb structures may impart enhanced wearing comfort for athletes.

Optimization of Knitted Fabric Comfort and UV Protection using Desirability Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya Ghosh ◽  
Prithwiraj Mal ◽  
Abhijit Majumdar ◽  
Debmalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Fabric Comfort

The present study deals with the optimization of multiple quality parameters of single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted fabrics using the desirability function approach. Comfort properties such as air permeability, thermal conductivity and safety properties such as UV protection are combined to yield an ‘overall desirability’ varying from zero to one. The overall desirability has been maximized versus target values for air permeability, thermal conductivity and UV resistance. Experimental validation confirms that the proposed method can be used to design a knitted fabric with desired comfort and UV resistance characteristics.

Pilot Study of PET/Bamboo Charcoal Warp-Knitted Fabric

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1090-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Ching Wen Lin ◽  
Chin Mei Lin ◽  
Yi Chang Yang ◽  
Ting Ting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far Infrared ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Health It ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Far Infrared Ray ◽  
Warp Knitted Fabric

In recent years, as improvement of human living life, people begin to focus on themselves health. It is certain that bamboo charcoal has many properties, including water purification, deodorization, anion release and far-infrared ray radiation. This study aims to prepare PET/BC warp-knitted fabric composed of polyester yarn (PET) as warp yarn and bamboo charcoal polyamine yarn (BC) as weft yarn using Velcro Crochet Machine. Afterwards, air permeability, elastic resilience and far-infrared ray emissivity of resulting knitted fabric were discussed by changing weft yarn type. Result shows that, for knitted fabrics, weft yarn type cannot affect the elastic resilience; yet PET weft yarn makes air permeability decreasing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Number and Position of Tuck Stitches within the Pattern Repeat on Air Permeability of Weft-knitted Fabrics from Glass Yarn

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Mehmet Erdem İnce
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Knit Fabrics ◽  
Weft Knitted Fabric

The fact that weft knitted fabrics has a stretchable, 3D, porous and interlocking structure makes them unique when manufactured from high performance fibers. Knitted fabrics with different architectures exhibit different properties. Different loop forms like tuck and skip stitches with various loop lengths reveal different physical and mechanical properties. Literature review indicated that wisely arrangement of tuck stitches within the pattern repeat alter the weft-knitted fabric structure from natural and synthetic fibers. Therefore, we studied the effect of number and location of tuck stiches on air permeability of weft-knitted fabrics from glass yarn. Single-bed, flat weft knitting machine was used to knit fabrics with different architectures from three-ply glass yarn. The nominal single-end count of used E-glass yarn was 136 tex. It is anticipated that the number and location of tuck stitches within knit pattern effect physical and air permeability properties of weft-knitted fabrics from glass yarn.

Thermo-physiological and sensorial comfort properties of polyester and Coolmax knitted fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Ganesh S. Kakad ◽  
Ramchandra P. Sawant
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission ◽  
Fabric Material

This paper deals with thermo-physiological and sensorial comfort properties of knitted fabric samples manufactured from standard polyester (PET) and Coolmax (multi-lobal PET fiber) yarn by The Lycra Company, Wilmington, DE/USA. 18 knitted fabric samples were prepared by using PET and Coolmax. These samples were tested for qmax property related to warm/cool feeling, water-vapor transmission rate and air permeability. The results were analyzed statistically, and it was shown that fabric material used yarn to manufacture knitted samples, i.e. PET and Coolmax, has a significant effect on qmax, water-vapor transmission rate and air permeability of knitted fabric samples used in this study.

scholarly journals An Investigation On Air and Thermal Transmission Through Knitted Fabric Structures Using the Taguchi Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya Ghosh ◽  
Prithwiraj Mal ◽  
Abhijit Majumdar ◽  
Debamalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Air Permeability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Fabric Structures ◽  
Noise Factors ◽  
Single Jersey ◽  
Thermal Absorptivity

Abstract Knitted fabrics have excellent comfort properties because of their typical porous structure. Different comfort properties of knitted fabrics such as air permeability, thermal absorptivity, and thermal conductivity depend on the properties of raw material and knitting parameters. In this paper, an investigation was done to observe the effect of yarn count, loop length, knitting speed, and yarn input tension in the presence of two uncontrollable noise factors on selected comfort properties of single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted fabrics using the Taguchi experimental design. The results show that yarn count and loop length have significant influence on the thermo-physiological comfort properties of knitted fabrics.

Development of multi-layered weft-knitted fabrics for thermal insulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 152808371987881
Author(s):  
Vaida Buzaite ◽  
Reazuddin MD Repon ◽  
Daiva Milasiene ◽  
Daiva Mikucioniene
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Heated Plate ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Knitted Structure ◽  
The One

The main goal of the presented study was to develop new multi-layered weft-knitted structure for thermal insulation and to investigate the dynamic of the heat transfer through this fabric. For knitting of outer and inner layers of this structure, different raw materials of yarns were used, i.e. wool, cotton, polyester and acrylic yarns. All the newly developed multi-layered weft-knitted fabrics show thermal insulation as, after 1 h of observation, temperature on the outer layer of all tested fabrics does not reach 40℃, i.e. the temperature of a heated plate. The results of this research showed that the nature of the yarns has a significant influence on the air permeability and dynamic of the heat exchange through the multi-layered structure, as it influences porosity of the knitted fabric. The results showed that the best fabric was the one where the outer layers are knitted from woollen yarns and the inner layer from polyester filament yarns.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FIBER CROSS-SECTIONAL SHAPE AND TEXTURING TEMPERATURE ON KNITTED FABRIC AIR PERMEABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Halil İbrahim ÇELİK ◽  
Hatice Kübra KAYNAK ◽  
Esin SARIOĞLU ◽  
Gizem KARAKAN GÜNAYDIN
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Polyester Filament ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Single Jersey

Texturized yarns are often preferred especially in home textiles and sportswear. To improve polyester filament properties, mechanical, thermal, chemical and combinations of texturing processes are applied. With these processes, filament yarns take on a curved and voluminous structure and gain a permanent form. Properties of the texturized yarn can be varied as raw materials properties, machine type and process factors. This study covers the investigation of the effect of cross-sectional shape of fiber (round and trilobal) and texturing process temperature (150, 175 and 200 0C) on air permeability of false twist textured polyester single jersey knitted fabrics. Results showed that the highest air permeability value was obtained from knitted fabric with round fiber cross-sectional shape polyester filament textured at 150 0C. According to the statistical analysis, both the fiber cross-sectional shape and process temperature were found to have a significant effect on air permeability property.

Study on Wearing Characteristics of Sorona/Cotton Blended Seamless Knitted Fabric

2014 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 460-463
Author(s):  
Zi Min Jin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yu Xiu Yan ◽  
Jian Wei Tao
Keyword(s):  
Air Permeability ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Breaking Elongation ◽  
Fabric Structure

This document mainly studied the effect of Sorona fiber content and fabric structure on the wearingcharacteristicsofSoronacottonblendedseamlessknittedfabric. In the experiment, three different kinds of stitch structures and ratios of Sorona/cotton were designed and nine Sorona/cotton blended seamless knitted fabrics were knitted. And then, breaking elongation, rigid flexible, crease recovery, pilling resistance, hygroscopicity and air permeability of the nine seamless knitted fabrics were tested and analyzed. The result showed that with the increasing of Sorona fiber content, the properties of Breaking elongation, rigid flexible, crease recovery and pilling resistance of the Sorona/cotton blended seamless knitted fabrics had and a certain of improvement, however the hygroscopicity and air permeability decreased.

Evaluation of the air permeability of elastic knitted fabrics and their assemblies

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginija Daukantiene ◽  
Giedre Vadeike
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fabric Thickness ◽  
Permeability Property

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the air permeability of knitted fabrics containing elastane fibre and their seams applying both the new approach based on fabric thickness measurement at different pressures and standard method. Design/methodology/approach Investigations were performed with commercially available eight polyester knitted fabrics containing different elastane yarn proportion. Bonded seams were laminated applying the urethane thermoplastic adhesive film of 0.175 mm thickness. Bonds were laminated by heat at 5.6 kPa pressure applying pressing device GTK DEA 25 R at 140°C temperature for 40 s duration. Sewn seams were assembled with 607 covering chain stitch applying 5.0 stitches per cm density and 512 overedge chain stitch applying 5.0 stitches per cm density. Specimens without and with the seams were conditioned in standard atmosphere conditions according to the standard LST EN ISO 139 before air permeability testing according to the standard LST EN ISO 9237. Standard thickness of the investigated knitted fabric was determined according to the standard EN ISO 5084. It is known from literature that the porosity is dominant factor influencing the air permeability of knitted fabrics. Therefore, the assumption was made that due to fabric porosity knitted fabric thickness being measured at different pressures also may differ. Thus, the permeability property may also be related to the difference between fabric’s thicknesses being measured under different pressures which may be applied with different material thickness gauges. Findings There was shown that fabric assemblies make the significant influence on the textile permeability to air. The results obtained indicate that the air permeability of the investigated knitted fabrics depends not only on their structure parameters but also on the fabric seam type. Air permeability of the specimens with the seams was lower than one of specimens without the seams. The highest decrease in permeability which ranged from 19.9 per cent up to 60.0 per cent was determined for the bonds. Fabric specimens with 607 covering chain stitch seam were in the second place with regard to the previously considered parameter. And, their permeability was decreased from 0.6 per cent up to 52.6 per cent. Changes in the air permeability of the specimens with 512 overedge chain stitch seam were lowest in the range of investigated assemblies. Based on the determined results, it was concluded that the thickness difference of the specimens with and without seams measured at different pressures is related to fabric porosity which makes the significant influence on the air permeability. Practical implications The samples of investigated fabrics were taken from the two companies which manufactures leisure clothing and sportswear such as skiing or swimming costumes, etc. Thus, the obtained investigation results are significant not only for clothing science but also leads the improvement of clothing quality in fashion industry. Originality/value Assuring the comfort of the human body is one of the most important functions of clothing, especially of sportswear and leisure wear. Knitted fabrics should not only be elastic, but also have high air permeability for easily transmit of the perspiration from the skin to the atmosphere, thus making the wearer to feel comfortable. In this research, the air permeability of commercially available polyester knitted fabrics containing different amount of elastane was investigated and the influence of fabric assemblies on the air permeability property was evaluated. A new approach based on the fabric thickness measurement at different pressures and the standard methods for the evaluation of air permeability were used.

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