scholarly journals Swelling and Diffusion in Polymerized Ionic Liquids-Based Hydrogels

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1834
Author(s):  
Ann Jastram ◽  
Tobias Lindner ◽  
Christian Luebbert ◽  
Gabriele Sadowski ◽  
Udo Kragl
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Tissue Replacement ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
And Diffusion

Hydrogels are one of the emerging classes of materials in current research. Besides their numerous applications in the medical sector as a drug delivery system or in tissue replacement, they are also suitable as irrigation components or as immobilization matrices in catalysis. For optimal application of these compounds, knowledge of the swelling properties and the diffusion mechanisms occurring in the gels is mandatory. This study is focused on hydrogels synthesized by radical polymerization of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Both the swelling and diffusion behavior of these hydrogels were investigated via gravimetric swelling as well as sorption experiments implemented in water, ethanol, n-heptane, and tetrahydrofuran. In water and ethanol, strong swelling was observed while the transport mechanism deviated from Fickian-type behavior. By varying the counterion and the chain length of the cation, their influences on the processes were observed. The calculation of the diffusion coefficients delivered values in the range of 10−10 to 10−12 m2 s−1. The gravimetric results were supported by apparent diffusion coefficients measured through diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. A visualization of the water diffusion front within the hydrogel should help to further elucidate the diffusion processes in the imidazolium-based hydrogels.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Role in Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 153303461877553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Reda ◽  
Ashraf Khalil ◽  
Mohammed Elmogy ◽  
Ahmed Abou El-Fetouh ◽  
Ahmed Shalaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
B Values ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The objective of this work is to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for early diagnosis of prostate cancer. The presented system integrates both clinical biomarkers (prostate-specific antigen) and extracted features from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging collected at multiple b values. The presented system performs 3 major processing steps. First, prostate delineation using a hybrid approach that combines a level-set model with nonnegative matrix factorization. Second, estimation and normalization of diffusion parameters, which are the apparent diffusion coefficients of the delineated prostate volumes at different b values followed by refinement of those apparent diffusion coefficients using a generalized Gaussian Markov random field model. Then, construction of the cumulative distribution functions of the processed apparent diffusion coefficients at multiple b values. In parallel, a K-nearest neighbor classifier is employed to transform the prostate-specific antigen results into diagnostic probabilities. Finally, those prostate-specific antigen–based probabilities are integrated with the initial diagnostic probabilities obtained using stacked nonnegativity constraint sparse autoencoders that employ apparent diffusion coefficient–cumulative distribution functions for better diagnostic accuracy. Experiments conducted on 18 diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data sets achieved 94.4% diagnosis accuracy (sensitivity = 88.9% and specificity = 100%), which indicate the promising results of the presented computer-aided diagnostic system.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients Within Infarcts

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1695-1696
Author(s):  
Pratik Mukherjee ◽  
Robert C. McKinstry ◽  
Joshua S. Shimony ◽  
Erbil Akbudak ◽  
Abraham Z. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Apparent Diffusion
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