scholarly journals Bonded CFRP/Steel Systems, Remedies of Bond Degradation and Behaviour of CFRP Repaired Steel: An Overview

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1533
Author(s):  
Daniel Borrie ◽  
Saad Al-Saadi ◽  
Xiao-Ling Zhao ◽  
R. K. Singh Singh Raman ◽  
Yu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Bond Degradation ◽  
Welding Steel

This literature review has examined the use of FRP composite materials as a potential retrofitting technique for civil structures. Importantly, the various material properties, bond mechanisms, durability issues and fatigue resistance have been discussed. Studies exploring the performance of CFRP repaired steel have strongly indicated its potential as a rehabilitation material. These systems offer many improvements over the current bulky and less chemically resistant methods of bolting or welding steel plate patches. This review has established and highlighted the factors that affect CFRP/steel bond durability, namely surface preparation, curing, corrosion, fatigue loading, temperature and moisture ingress through studies that focus on their effect. These studies, however, often focus on a single influencing factor or design criteria. Only limited studies have investigated multiple parameters applied simultaneously, even though they commonly occur together in industrial practice. This review aimed to summarise the numerous influencing parameters to give a clearer understanding of the relevance of CFRP repaired steel structures.

Causes of Structural Failures with Steel Structures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Alpsten
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Structural Failures

This paper is based on the experience from investigating over 400 structural collapses, incidents and serious structural damage cases with steel structures which have occurred over the past four centuries. The cause of the failures is most often a gross human error rather than a combination of “normal” variations in parameters affecting the load-carrying capacity, as considered in normal design procedures and structural reliability analyses. Human errors in execution are more prevalent as cause for the failures than errors in the design process, and the construction phase appears particularly prone to human errors. For normal steel structures with quasi-static (non-fatigue) loading, various structural instability phenomena have been observed to be the main collapse mode. An important observation is that welds are not as critical a cause of structural steel failures for statically loaded steel structures as implicitly understood in current regulations and rules for design and execution criteria.

The Behavior of Tiled Laminate GFRP Composites, a Class of Robust Materials for Civil Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter De Corte ◽  
Jordi Uyttersprot ◽  
Wim Van Paepegem
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Gfrp Composites ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Deck Panels ◽  
Highly Loaded

<p>This paper focuses on the structural behavior of tiled laminate composites. Such laminates, in which the plies are not parallel to the outer surfaces are found in GFRP bridge deck panels. The technology is developed for the construction of robust GFRP panels useful in highly loaded structures such as bridges or lock gates. In civil structures, the drawback in traditional FRP sandwich structures has always been debonding of skin and core. Such a debonding problem may occur after unintentional impact, followed by fatigue loading. Through the concept of using overlapping Z-shaped and two-flanged web laminates, alternating with polyurethane foam cores, debonding is no longer possible in vacuum infused GFRP bridge deck panels. In such panels, the fibers in the upper and lower skins as well as in the vertical webs run in all directions, rendering a resin-dominated crack propagation impossible. As a result of the integration of core and skin reinforcement, a skin material is created in which the reinforcement is not parallel to the outer surfaces, but tiled. Based on experimental results and numerical simulations the relevance of tiled laminates for civil applications is demonstrated.</p>

Effects of Fatigue Damage on Bond Behavior between Corroded Rebar and Concrete

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Weiping Zhang ◽  
You Hu
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Relative Slip ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Bond Degradation ◽  
Impressed Current ◽  
Different Levels

Bond degradation due to rebar corrosion and fatigue loading may affect the serviceability and even safety of reinforced concrete (RC) bridges. 15 specimens confined with stirrups were cast for eccentric pull-out tests, and 12 of them were corroded with the target mass loss of 0.03 by the impressed current method. Monotonic pull-out tests were conducted on three corroded and three uncorroded specimens. Wavy descending branch was found in bond stress-slip test curves of uncorroded specimens attributed to stirrup confinement, however it disappeared in those curves of the corroded specimens due to the corrosion loss of rebar transverse ribs. Based on the tested monotonic bond strength, the other nine corroded specimens of different fatigue damages were obtained through repeated loading with different levels and cycles before undergoing monotonic pull-out tests. It is observed that the relative slip increases with a gradually decreasing rate as the loading cycles increase. The monotonic tests of specimens with fatigue damage show that the bond strength increases to a certain value and then decreases with the increase of fatigue loading cycles. Moreover, the higher the loading level is, the fewer cycles are needed to reach the maximum bond strength. In addition, the peak slip corresponding to bond strength decreases with the increase of fatigue loading cycles.

scholarly journals Carboline’s systems approach to the maintenance of coating systems for steel structures in the oil and gas industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Protective Systems

The article discusses options for optimal repair systems with several advantages compared with competitive solutions in the market of protective coatings. The proposed materials have a high tolerance to the degree of surface preparation, compatibility with old protective systems, as well as low levels of internal stresses arising in the repair layer of coating, which significantly reduces the risk of pulling off the old protective coatings after repair.

Welding steel structures

1932 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 713-714
Author(s):  
Jay Carpenter ◽  
Alfred Smith
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structures ◽  
Welding Steel

APPLICABILITY OF A NEW SURFACE PREPARATION METHOD FOR STEEL STRUCTURE USING LASER

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ogami ◽  
Katashi Fujii ◽  
Yukio Manabe ◽  
Kohei Ota ◽  
Asuo Yonekura
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Laser Cleaning ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Corrosion Prevention ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion

Surface preparation is very important in re-painting of steel structures so as to extend the effective term of corrosion prevention. Though grinding or blasting have been widely used to remove rust and old coating film on steel surface, both these methods have difficulty in completion of rust-removal and cause some problems such as dust scattering, noise, etc. In order to solve these problems, this paper presents the laser cleaning method which instantaneously sublimes/evaporates the rust on the surface of steel structure. The authors investigate the effects and the applicability of laser cleaning using the specimens made by accelerated corrosion method. The test results confirmed that the laser cleaning can remove the rust almost much as using sand blast, and the salt on the surface of steel can also be evaporated as good as the rust. Moreover, this method seems can be applied on wet surface condition because the moisture and water on the surface of steel can also be evaporated.

Welding Steel Structures

2010 ◽  
pp. 359-374
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Pescatore ◽  
Jean-Henri Borgeot
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structures ◽  
Welding Steel

The Engineering Implications and Economics of Surface Preparation of Mild Steel Prior to Fabrication

1950 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
W. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Metallic Coatings ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Major Improvement ◽  
The Cost

Those steel structures which are subject to repainting during service are considered, particularly those subject to exposed atmospheric conditions. Since any major improvement in paint life is dependent on surface preparation, alternative methods are examined. Mechanical shot blasting is the cheapest method for structural steel, but it is only possible prior to fabrication. The choice of prime coats, which must satisfy several requirements, lies between paint, oil, and metallic coatings. It is believed that suitable paint could be developed. No suitable oil is yet available, and of the metallic coatings sprayed aluminium is the most suitable. Fabrication difficulties, and in particular welding, require further investigation. The cost of painting a structure during a life of fifty years shows that surface preparation prior to fabrication is economical.

Significant Alloy Elements in Welded Steel Structures of Car Body

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Węgrzyn ◽  
R. Wieszała
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Welding Method ◽  
Welding Steel ◽  
Selection Of

Significant Alloy Elements in Welded Steel Structures of Car Body Structure, safety and exploitation conditions of welding steel in car body depend on many factors. The main role of that conditions is connected with car body material, welding technology, state of stress and temperature. Because of that, a good selection of steel and welding method is very important for proper steel structure. Low alloy steel is used for car body structure, very often with small amount of carbon and the amount of alloy elements such as Ni, Mn, Mo, Cr and V in car body and welded joints. Depending on the kind of steel which is used, a proper welding method and adequate filler materials should be applied. The present paper describes the influence of Mn, Ni, Mo, Cr, V in WMD (Weld Metal Deposit) on the behaviour of steel structure especially for low temperature service.

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