scholarly journals Kenaf Fiber/Pet Yarn Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Polymer Composites: Morphological, Tensile, and Flammability Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
M. J. Suriani ◽  
Hasliana Asyikin Zainudin ◽  
R. A. Ilyas ◽  
Michal Petrů ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Press Method ◽  
Commercial Applications

The application of natural fibers is rapidly growing in many sectors, such as construction, automobile, and furniture. Kenaf fiber (KF) is a natural fiber that is in demand owing to its eco-friendly and renewable nature. Nowadays, there are various new applications for kenaf, such as in absorbents and building materials. It also has commercial applications, such as in the automotive industry. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is used as a fire retardant as it is low in cost and has good flame retardancy, while polyester yarn (PET) has high tensile strength. The aim of this study was to determine the horizontal burning rate, tensile strength, and surface morphology of kenaf fiber/PET yarn reinforced epoxy fire retardant composites. The composites were prepared by hybridized epoxy and Mg(OH)2 PET with different amounts of KF content (0%, 20%, 35%, and 50%) using the cold press method. The specimen with 35% KF (epoxy/PET/KF-35) displayed better flammability properties and had the lowest average burning rate of 14.55 mm/min, while epoxy/PET/KF-50 with 50% KF had the highest tensile strength of all the samples. This was due to fewer defects being detected on the surface morphology of epoxy/PET/KF-35 compared to the other samples, which influenced the mechanical properties of the composites.

Improvement of Inflammability and Biodegradability of Bio-Composites Using Recycled Polypropylene with Kenaf Fiber Containing Mixture Fire Retardant

2014 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neng Sri Suharty ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Kuncoro Dihardjo ◽  
Muhammad Nizam ◽  
Maulidan Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Fuel Resistance

Have been reactively synthesized bio-composites material that has a good in mechanical strength and fuel resistance. The starting material for the manufacture of bio-composite was recycled PP (rPP) modified AA, reinforcement kenaf fiber (KF), the mixture of magnesium hydroxide (MH) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) without or with boric acid (BA) as a fire retardant. The burning rate (BR) and tensile strength (TS) test were used ASTM D635 and D638, respectively. The presence of mixture fire retardant [MH/ATH] with ratio of 15/5 in the bio-composites can effectively reduce their burning rate (BR). Biodegradability of the bio-composites, which is reflected by weight loss (WL) is achieved arise after burying the bio-composites in garbage soil for four months. However, the presence of mixture fire retardant could marginally decrease the TS of the bio-composites.

scholarly journals Characterization of a new natural fiber extracted from Corypha taliera fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Ahmed Tamanna ◽  
Shah Alimuzzaman Belal ◽  
Mohammad Abul Hasan Shibly ◽  
Ayub Nabi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Potential Alternative

AbstractThis study deals with the determination of new natural fibers extracted from the Corypha taliera fruit (CTF) and its characteristics were reported for the potential alternative of harmful synthetic fiber. The physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics were investigated for CTF fibers. X-ray diffraction and chemical composition characterization ensured a higher amount of cellulose (55.1 wt%) content and crystallinity (62.5%) in the CTF fiber. The FTIR analysis ensured the different functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin present in the fiber. The Scherrer’s equation was used to determine crystallite size 1.45 nm. The mean diameter, specific density, and linear density of the CTF fiber were found (average) 131 μm, 0.86 g/cc, and 43 Tex, respectively. The maximum tensile strength was obtained 53.55 MPa for GL 20 mm and Young’s modulus 572.21 MPa for GL 30 mm. The required energy at break was recorded during the tensile strength experiment from the tensile strength tester and the average values for GL 20 mm and GL 30 mm are 0.05381 J and 0.08968 J, respectively. The thermal analysis ensured the thermal sustainability of CTF fiber up to 230 °C. Entirely the aforementioned outcomes ensured that the new CTF fiber is the expected reinforcement to the fiber-reinforced composite materials.

Flammability, morphological and mechanical properties of sugar palm fiber/polyester yarn-reinforced epoxy hybrid biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide flame retardant filler

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110086
Author(s):  
MJ Suriani ◽  
SM Sapuan ◽  
CM Ruzaidi ◽  
DS Nair ◽  
RA Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Sugar Palm Fiber

This paper aims to study the surface morphology, flammability and tensile properties of sugar palm fiber (SPF) hybrid with polyester (PET) yarn-reinforced epoxy composite with the addition of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) as a flame retardant. The composites were prepared by hybridized epoxy and Mg(OH)2/PET with different amounts of SPF contents (0%, 20%, 35% and 50%) using the cold press method. Then these composites were tested by horizontal burning analysis, tensile strength testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The specimen with 35% SPF (Epoxy/PET/SPF-35) with the incorporation of Mg(OH)2 as a flame retardant showed the lowest burning rate of 13.25 mm/min. The flame took a longer time to propagate along with the Epoxy/PET/SPF-35 specimen and at the same time producing char. Epoxy/PET/SPF-35 also had the highest tensile strength of 9.69 MPa. Tensile properties of the SPF hybrid with PET yarn (SPF/PET)-reinforced epoxy composite was decreased at 50% SPF content due to the lack of interfacial bonding between the fibers and matrix. Surface morphology analysis through SEM showed uniform distribution of the SPF and matrix with less adhesion, which increased the flammability and reduced the tensile properties of the hybrid polymeric composites. These composites have potential to be utilized in various applications, such as automotive components, building materials and in the aerospace industry.

A Review: Natural Fiber as Reinforcement in Waste Paper Recycling and its Processing Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K.A. Saferi ◽  
Y. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
The Right

As demand for clean and healthy environment, people make many alternate solutions to save the environment. To save trees and overcome landfill of waste material and waste disposal by burning activities issues (cause to losing energy and increase pollution), people nowadays take recycling as a recovery. Recycling waste paper into new product increased over the years. Shortage of wood supply required new sources of natural fiber for papermaking industry. Many researchers have studied new sources of natural fibers from non wood materials, such as oil palm residues, kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus), pineapple leaf, banana, and coconut fiber. Kenaf is choose as reinforcement agent for recycled waste paper to maximize the use of kenaf in industry application due its wide range of advantages where pineapple leaf are choose as reinforcement agent because abundantly of these material in Malaysia. Reinforcement of natural fiber into waste paper during recycling process expected to increased strength properties of final product. To understand the right and suitable processing method for kenaf fiber and pineapple leaf leaves previous work from other researchers are studied to investigate pulping procedure of natural fiber and its effect on mechanical strength.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Mekanik Komposit Matriks Polipropilena High Impact Dengan Serat Alam Acak Dengan Metode Hand Lay Up Untuk Komponen Automotive

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfan Ekajati Latief ◽  
Nuha Desi Anggraeni ◽  
Dedy Hernady
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

ABSTRAK Serat alam yang berfungsi sebagai penguat memiliki sifat yang lebih ringan, mudah dibentuk, tahan korosi, harga murah dan memiliki kekuatan yang sama dengan material logam. Serat bahan alami yang memiliki kekuatan tarik, tekan dan impak yang baik diantaranya serat rami dan daun nanas. Untuk matriks Polipropilena high impact (PPHI) yang banyak digunakan dalam industri otomotif.. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh fraksi volume serat alami terhadap sifat mekanik komposit PPHI berpenguat serat alami. Komposit PPHI dibuat dengan menggunakan metode Hand Lay Up pada temperatur 2500C dengan fraksi volume serat alami sebesar 10%, dimana serat dibuat digunting halus hingga memiliki ukuran mesh 120/170, 170/200 dan dibawah 200 mesh, Kekuatan tarik komposit diukur dengan mengacu pada standar ASTM 3039, kekuatan tekan diukur mengacu pada ASTM D 695. Harga Impak dari komposit diukur dengan mengacu pada ASTM D 6110-04. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, fraksi volume 10 % serat alami yang baik ketika dicampur dengan matriks polipropilena high impact adalah serat nanas dengan meshing 170/200 dapat meningkatkan kekuatan tarik PPHI sebesar 40 % dan meningkatkan harga impak PPHI sebesar 50,8 % jika dilihat penelitan sebelumnya yakni menggunakan serat rami dibawah mesh 1200 dengan matriks PPHI. Kata Kunci: Rami, Daun Nanas, Polipropilena High Impact, Hand Lay Up. ABSTRACT Natural fibers that function as reinforcement have lighter properties, are easily formed, are corrosion resistant, are cheap and have the same strength as metal materials. Natural fiber which has good tensile, compressive and impact strength including Ramie and pineapple leaves. For high impact polypropylene matrix (PPHI) which is widely used in the automotive industry. In this study the effect of volume fraction of natural fibers on the mechanical properties of PPHI composites with natural fiber reinforced properties was studied. PPHI composites are made using the Hand Lay Up method at a temperature of 2500C with a volume fraction of natural fibers of 10%, where fibers are made finely shaved to have a mesh size of 120/170, 170/200 and below 200 mesh, the tensile strength of the composite is measured by reference to the standard ASTM 3039, compressive strength measured refers to ASTM D 695. The impact price of the composite is measured with reference to ASTM D 6110-04. In this study it can be concluded, a good volume fraction of 10% natural fiber when mixed with high impact polypropylene matrix is pineapple fiber with meshing 170/200 can increase the tensile strength of PPHI by 40% and increase the impact price of PPHI by 50.8% if seen by research previously that used hemp fiber under mesh 1200 with PPHI matrix. Keywords: Ramie Pineapple, High Impact Polypropylene, Hand Lay Up.

Bacterial cellulose-natural fiber composites produced by fibers extracted from banana peel waste

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372092584
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais Naeem ◽  
Qasim Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Rafique Khan ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Wasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Natural Fiber Composites ◽  
Banana Fibers

In recent times, there is a growing demand for low-cost raw materials, renewable resources, and eco-friendly end products. Natural fibers are considered as strong candidates to be used as a potential reinforcement for composite manufacturing. In the current study, natural fibers extracted from banana peel were coated with bacterial cellulose through a green biosynthesis approach as well as by a simple slurry dipping method. Thus, natural fibers from banana peel waste were used the first time, to produce bacterial cellulose-natural fiber composites. SEM analysis revealed good interaction between the hybrid fibers and the epoxy matrix. Thermal gravimetric analysis results revealed that the degradation temperature increases because of the addition of bacterial cellulose on fiber surface, which improves the thermal stability. The maximum thermal decomposition temperature (405°C) was noticed for nanocomposites reinforced by banana fibers with bacterial cellulose deposited on their surface. Whereas the lowest weight loss was also found for the same sample group. The highest tensile strength (57.95 MPa) was found for SBC-BP/epoxy, followed by DBC-BP/epoxy (54.73 MPa) and NBP/epoxy (45.32 MPa) composites, respectively. Composites reinforced by both types of hybrid banana fibers shown comparatively higher tensile performance as compared with the neat banana peel fiber-epoxy composites, which can be attributed to the high strength and stiffness associated with the bacterial cellulose. Overall, this study suggests a successful and green route for the fabrication of natural fiber-reinforced composites with improved properties such as tensile strength and thermal stability.

scholarly journals Millettia pinnata: a study on the extraction of fibers and reinforced composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Mohankumara ◽  
Shraddha Prashant Thakare ◽  
Vijaykumar Guna ◽  
G. R. Arpitha
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Millettia Pinnata

AbstractIn this work, the potential for using Millettia pinnata stalk for extracting cellulosic natural fibers and its subsequent use in reinforced composites was studied. The extracted fibers were characterized for its composition, mechanical, thermal stability and morphological properties. Compositional analysis showed that the fibers possessed 54% cellulose, 12% hemicellulose, 15% lignin and 11% ash. The tensile strength of the fiber was 310 MPa, which is comparable to cotton and linen. The tensile strength of the M. pinnata fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites was 17.96 MPa which was similar to other natural fiber-based composites. M. pinnata fibers appear promising for a wide range of applications including textiles and other typical composites applications.

scholarly journals Effects of the Amount of Fly Ash Modified by Stearic Acid Compound on Mechanical Properties, Flame Retardant Ability, and Structure of the Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Fire Retardant

Fly ash, a waste product from thermal power plants, is one of the good alternatives for use as a filler in polymers, especially in flame retardants. Fly ash is an environmentally friendly fire retardant additive for composites, used in place of conventional flame retardant additives such as halogenated organic compounds, thus promoting environmental safety. In this study, fly ash was modified with stearic acid to improve adhesion at the polymers interface and increase compatibility. Fly ash was studied at various volumes (5, 10, and 20 wt.% fly ash) used in this study to synthesize fly ash-epoxy composites. The results show that the tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength, and impact strength of these synthetic materials increase when fly ash is modified to the surface, compressive strength: 197.87 MPa, flexural strength: 75.20 MPa, impact resistance: 5.77 KJ/m2, and tensile strength: 47.89 MPa. Especially, the fire retardant properties are improved at a high level, with a modified 20% fly ash content: the burning rate of 16.78 mm/min, minimum oxygen index of 23.2%, and meet the fire protection standard according to UL 94HB with a burning rate of 8.09 mm/min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphological structure of fly ash after being modified and chemically bonded with epoxy resin background.

Fabrication and Testing of Abaca Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automotive Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja R. Niranjan ◽  
S. Junaid Kokan ◽  
R. Sathya Narayanan ◽  
S. Rajesh ◽  
V.M. Manickavasagam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
The Matrix

The natural fibre composite materials are nowadays playing a vital role in replacing the conventional and synthetic materials for industrial applications. This paper proposes a natural fiber composite made of Abaca fibre as reinforcing agent with Epoxy resin as the matrix, manufactured using Hand Lay-up method. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (woven rovings) are used to improve the surface finish and impart more strength and stiffness to natural fibers. In this work, the fibers are arranged in alternative layers of abaca in horizontal and vertical orientation. The mechanical properties of the composite are determined by testing the samples for tensile and flexural strength. It is observed that the tensile strength of the composite material is dependent on the strength of the natural fiber and also on the interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix. The composite is developed for automobile dashboard/mudguard application. It may also be extended to biomedical, electronics and sports goods manufacturing. It can also be used in marine products due to excellent resistance of abaca to salt water damage since the tensile strength when it is wet.

The Influence of Alkali Treatments on Tensile Strength and Surface Morphology of Cellulose Microfibrils

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Sosiati ◽  
Henny Pratiwi ◽  
Dwi Astuti Wijayanti ◽  
Soekrisno
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Cellulose microfibrils were extracted from kenaf fiber by alkali treatments under various conditions to further characterize their properties and verify the factors which induce fiber degradation. Before treatment, the surface morphologies of the base, middle and tip of the raw fiber were observed. The tensile strength of untreated and treated fibers was measured with a universal tensile machine (UTM). Changes in surface morphologies of cellulose microfibrils were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functional group related to cellulosic and non-cellulosic phases. Surface morphology of the middle of the fiber was denser and stronger than that of the periphery and therefore used to define an initial condition of fiber specimen. Alkali treatment in 6% NaOH at room temperature for 1 h increased the tensile strength of the microfibril; 9% NaOH at 100°C for 2 h results in a marked decrease. Damage to the fiber surface and loss of crystallinity were associated with decreased tensile strength.

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