scholarly journals Degradation of Styrenic Plastics during Recycling: Accommodation of PP within ABS after WEEE Plastics Imperfect Sorting

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Charles Signoret ◽  
Pierre Girard ◽  
Agathe Le Guen ◽  
Anne-Sophie Caro-Bretelle ◽  
José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw

With the development of dark polymers for industrial sorting technologies, economically profitable recycling of plastics from Waste Electrical and Electronical Equipment (WEEE) can be envisaged even in the presence of residual impurities. In ABS extracted from WEEE, PP is expected to be the more detrimental because of its important lack of compatibility. Hence, PP was incorporated to ABS at different rates (2 to 8 wt%) with a twin-screw extruder. PP was shown to exhibit a nodular morphology with an average diameter around 1–2 µm. Tensile properties were importantly diminished beyond 4 wt% but impact resistance was decreased even at 2 wt%. Both properties were strongly reduced as function of the contamination rate. Various potential compatibilizers for the ABS + 4 wt% PP system were evaluated: PPH-g-MA, PPC-g-MA, ABS-g-MA, TPE-g-MA, SEBS and PP-g-SAN. SEBS was found the most promising, leading to diminution of nodule sizes and also acting as an impact modifier. Finally, a Design Of Experiments using the Response Surface Methodology (DOE-RSM) was applied to visualize the impacts and interactions of extrusion temperature and screw speed on impact resistance of compatibilized and uncompatibilized ABS + 4 wt% PP systems. Resilience improvements were obtained for the uncompatibilized system and interactions between extrusion parameters and compatibilizers were noticed.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI PROSES DAN FORMULA PADA PENGOLAHAN MI SAGU KERING (Metroxylon sagu) (Process and Formula Optimizations on Dried Sago Noodle Processing)

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Engelen ◽  
Sugiyono Sugiyono ◽  
Slamet Budijanto
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Glycerol Monostearate ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

The aim of this research was to optimize the processing of dried sago noodle. Sago noodle was made through a process using twin screw extruder with the addition of GMS (Glycerol Monostearate) and ISP (Isolated Soybean Protein).Process optimation was performed with RSM (response surface methodology) using three process variables, i.e. extruder temperature (65-80oC), GMS concentration (0-5%), and ISP concentration (0-10%). The optimum processcondition was temperature of 80oC, GMS of 4.5%, and ISP of 3.7%. The optimum condition produced dried noodlehaving a hardness of 2499.62 gf, stickiness of 235.12 gf, elongation of 168.96% and cooking loss of 6.23%.Keywords: Noodle, sago, starch, optimization ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan melakukan optimasi proses pada pembuatan mi sagu untuk menghasilkan mi sagu dengan karakteristik fisik yang baik. Mi sagu dihasilkan melalui optimasi proses menggunakan twin screw extruder dan penambahan glycerol monostearate (GMS), serta isolated soybean protein (ISP). Optimasi proses dilakukan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan tiga variabel proses yaitu: suhu ekstruder (65-80oC), konsentrasi GMS (0-5%), dan ISP (0-10%). Kondisi proses optimum diperoleh pada suhu 80oC, GMS (4,5%), danISP (3,7%). Kondisi optimum menghasilkan mi yang memiliki kekerasan 2499,62 gf, kelengketan 235,12gf, elongasi 168,96% dan cooking loss 6,23%,Kata kunci: Mi, sagu, pati, optimasi

scholarly journals Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Mi Sorgum Dengan Menggunakan Ekstruder Ulir Ganda (Optimization of Sorghum Noodle Processing with Twin Screw Extruder)

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tjahja Muhandri ◽  
Subarna Subarna ◽  
Ivan Mustakim
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Optimum Processing Condition

The objective of this research was to optimize the sorghum noodle processing with two variables i.e. extruder temperature (80, 85, 90oC) and screw speed (10, 15, 20 Hz). The optimum process was chosen by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), based on 2 parameters, i.e. cooking loss and elongation. The result of this research showed that the optimum processing condition with desirability of 0.736, was resulted from the combination of the extruder temperature of 85oC and screw speed of 20 Hz. The verification showed that the sorghum noodles from this optimum condition had cooking loss of 11.87 %, and elongation of 234.84.  Keywords: noodle, sorghum, optimization, twin screw extruder, RSM

scholarly journals Use of response surface methodology (RSM) for composite blends of low grade broken rice fractions and full-fat soybean flour by a twin-screw extrusion cooking process

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahemiah Danbaba ◽  
Iro Nkama ◽  
Mamudu Halidu Badau
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extrusion Cooking ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Broken Rice ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Feed Moisture

In this study, seventeen (17) composite blends of broken rice fractions and full-fat soybean, formulated using response surface methodology and central composite design within a range of barrel temperatures (100-140 °C), initial feed moisture content (15-25%) and soybean composition (8-24%), were extruded with a twin-screw extruder and the expansion and color indices were optimized. The results indicated a significant (p<0.05) effect of extrusion conditions on the responses. Fitted predictive models had coefficients of 88.9%, 95.7%, 97.3%, 95.4% and 95.2%, respectively, for expansion index, bulk density, lightness, redness and yellowness. The p-value and lack-of-fit tests of the models could well explain the observed variability and therefore could be used to establish production setting for the twin-screw extruder. The optimum extrusion conditions were found to be 130 °C (barrel temperature), 20% (feed moisture level) and 23% feed soybean composition and optimum responses in terms of bulk density, expansion index, lightness, redness and yellowness chroma indices were 0.21 g cm-3, 128.9%, 17.1, 3.13 and 24.5 respectively. This indicates that optimum conditions can be established in twin-screw extrusion cooking of broken rice fractions and full-fat soybean composite blends that can result in product of low bulk and maximum expansion with a satisfactory light yellow product color that can be used to produce products that valorize broken rice and reduce qualitative postharvest loss.

Preparation of Polypropylene/Sisal Fiber Composites and Study on the Fiber Orientation

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 581-586
Author(s):  
Rong Yuan Chen ◽  
Zan Huang ◽  
Wei Zou ◽  
Hai Chen Zhang ◽  
Jin Ping Qu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Extrusion Direction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Better Than

The polypropylene/sisal fiber composites were prepared by twin screw extruder and vane extruder, respectively. The tensile test specimens perpendicular to the extrusion direction and parallel to the extrusion direction were prepared from the extruded composites, respectively. SEM observation showed that fiber orientation of sisal fiber in the composites was not obvious when the content of sisal fiber not more than 15wt%. When the content of sisal fiber was 15wt%, the ability to orientate of sisal fiber in the composite prepared by vane extruder was better than that of in the composite prepared by twin screw extruder, which the fiber orientation of sisal fiber was obvious along the extrusion direction in the composite. Tensile tests showed that the tensile properties of the composite parallel to the extrusion direction with 15wt% sisal fiber prepared by vane extruder were the best compared with other composites in this work. The results illustrated that the orientation of sisal fiber in the composites was beneficial to the improvement of the tensile properties of the composites.

Tensile Properties and Morphology of Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan Siti Najihah ◽  
Zurina Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
The One

In this study, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) was blended with Polylactic acid (PLA) in order to enhance the mechanical properties of PLA. PLA/EVA blend was melt blended in a twin screw extruder and compression molding with various EVA content (0-20% by weight) and the tensile and morphological properties were examined. The morphological behaviours play an important role in influencing the tensile properties of PLA. The smaller discrete EVA particle in PLA matrix had increased the properties of PLA compared with the one with elongated morphology.

scholarly journals Development of Tensile Properties and Crystalline Conformation of Recycled Polypropylene by Re-Extrusion Using a Twin-Screw Extruder with an Additional Molten Resin Reservoir Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Patchiya Phanthong ◽  
Yusuke Miyoshi ◽  
Shigeru Yao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
New Type ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
Parallel Band

Plastic mechanical recycling is an attractive method for reducing the amounts of waste plastics. However, the alterations in the mechanical properties (degradation) in recycled plastics is a limitation to the material’s mechanical recycling. In this study, the mechanical recycling was enhanced by the addition of a “molten resin reservoir” unit at the end of the twin-screw extruder. Recycled polypropylene (RPP) obtained from a household was re-extruded with this developed extrusion unit. The tensile properties, type of crystalline, and conformation of polypropylene polymorphs were evaluated and compared for virgin polypropylene (VPP), recycled polypropylene (RPP) without extrusion (RPP-original), and RPP with extrusion by using a new type of extruder (RPP-extrusion). It could be found that the tensile properties of RPP-extrusion were improved, so as to be similar to those of VPP. In addition, the conformation of RPP-extrusion was similar to that of VPP by increasing the ratio between the helix and parallel band. This study succeeded in regenerating the tensile properties and inner structures in recycled PP, which could prolong the used lifetime and decrease the amount of waste from single-use plastic.

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