scholarly journals Intelligent Polymers, Fibers and Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Li Jingcheng ◽  
Vundrala Sumedha Reddy ◽  
Wanasinghe A. D. M. Jayathilaka ◽  
Amutha Chinnappan ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Intelligent Materials ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Intelligent Polymers ◽  
Initial Concept

Intelligent materials, also known as smart materials, are capable of reacting to various external stimuli or environmental changes by rearranging their structure at a molecular level and adapting functionality accordingly. The initial concept of the intelligence of a material originated from the natural biological system, following the sensing–reacting–learning mechanism. The dynamic and adaptive nature, along with the immediate responsiveness, of the polymer- and fiber-based smart materials have increased their global demand in both academia and industry. In this manuscript, the most recent progress in smart materials with various features is reviewed with a focus on their applications in diverse fields. Moreover, their performance and working mechanisms, based on different physical, chemical and biological stimuli, such as temperature, electric and magnetic field, deformation, pH and enzymes, are summarized. Finally, the study is concluded by highlighting the existing challenges and future opportunities in the field of intelligent materials.

Seeking to uncover biology's chemical roots

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy Pross
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Systems Chemistry ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Inanimate Matter ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Opening Up

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.

Towards a New Framework Architecture for a Dynamic Composition of Components Using Context Awareness and User Goal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-410
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
User Profile ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
End User ◽  
The Real ◽  
User Intent ◽  
Dynamic Composition ◽  
Use Context ◽  
External Stimuli

The dynamic composition of components is an emerging concept that aims to allow a new application to be constructed based on a user’s request. This is achieved by dynamically composing and assembling disturbed components with home ones. This paper presents a framework architecture for the dynamic composition of components that can extract pertinent contextual data and combine them with explicit/implicit intent, in order to compose the relevant components to meet the real requirements of the user. The proposed architecture includes a user feedback system that is appropriate for the use context in terms of the user profile and technical/domain knowledge. Our platform can consult the end user in order to resolve eventual composition ambiguities. The dynamic aspect of our proposition involves (i) the detection of environmental changes in response to dynamic triggers; (ii) interactive adaptation to internal changes and external stimuli; (iii) determination of the real intent of the end user; and (iv) dynamic generation of different composition plans and selection of the most appropriate option, based on context data and user intent.

Neural Autopoiesis: Organizing Self-Boundaries by Stimulus Avoidance in Biological and Artificial Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Masumori ◽  
Lana Sinapayen ◽  
Norihiro Maruyama ◽  
Takeshi Mita ◽  
Douglas Bakkum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Spiking Neural Networks ◽  
Cultured Neurons ◽  
Autonomous Regulation ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
External Stimuli

Living organisms must actively maintain themselves in order to continue existing. Autopoiesis is a key concept in the study of living organisms, where the boundaries of the organism are not static but dynamically regulated by the system itself. To study the autonomous regulation of a self-boundary, we focus on neural homeodynamic responses to environmental changes using both biological and artificial neural networks. Previous studies showed that embodied cultured neural networks and spiking neural networks with spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) learn an action as they avoid stimulation from outside. In this article, as a result of our experiments using embodied cultured neurons, we find that there is also a second property allowing the network to avoid stimulation: If the agent cannot learn an action to avoid the external stimuli, it tends to decrease the stimulus-evoked spikes, as if to ignore the uncontrollable input. We also show such a behavior is reproduced by spiking neural networks with asymmetric STDP. We consider that these properties are to be regarded as autonomous regulation of self and nonself for the network, in which a controllable neuron is regarded as self, and an uncontrollable neuron is regarded as nonself. Finally, we introduce neural autopoiesis by proposing the principle of stimulus avoidance.

scholarly journals Mixed Polymer Brushes for “Smart” Surfaces

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxiao Li ◽  
Christian W. Pester
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
External Stimuli

Mixed polymer brushes (MPBs) are composed of two or more disparate polymers covalently tethered to a substrate. The resulting phase segregated morphologies have been extensively studied as responsive “smart” materials, as they can be reversible tuned and switched by external stimuli. Both computational and experimental work has attempted to establish an understanding of the resulting nanostructures that vary as a function of many factors. This contribution highlights state-of-the-art MPBs studies, covering synthetic approaches, phase behavior, responsiveness to external stimuli as well as novel applications of MPBs. Current limitations are recognized and possible directions for future studies are identified.

Advances in the smart materials applications in the aerospace industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al Arsh Basheer
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Intelligent Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Online Library

Purpose Smart materials also called intelligent materials are gaining importance continuously in many industries including aerospace one. It is because of the unique features of these materials such as self-sensing, self-adaptability, memory capabilities and manifold functions. For a long time, there is no review of smart materials. Therefore, it is considered worthwhile to write a review on this subject. Design/methodology/approach A thorough search of the literature was carried out through SciFinder, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library and reputed and peer-reviewed journals. The literature was critically analyzed and a review was written. Findings This study describes the advances in smart materials concerning their applications in aerospace industries. The classification, working principle and recent developments (nano-smart materials) of smart materials are discussed. Besides, the future perspectives of these materials are also highlighted. Much research has not been done in this area, which needs more extensive study. Originality/value Certainly, this study will be highly useful for academicians, researchers and technocrats working in aerospace industries.

Socio-economic impact of hydropower projects in dzongu region of North Sikkim

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhattarai Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Water Resources Projects ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

<p>The increasing global demand for energy combined with the ongoing quest for clean, renewable energy has been a topic of perceived interest among countries of developed and developing world. Construction and operations of dams have always been associated with changes in the physical, biological and social environment. No doubt electricity generation is the need of the hours for development, but the large projects do involve the submersion of large track of land and the displacement of people. Socio-economic and cultural impacts arising from project construction and environmental transformations are rooted in the complex interactivity between social and biophysical environments. Human communities are integral components of their environment as well as potential agents for environmental change. Hence environmental changes in settled areas are often profoundly interlinked with subsequent changes that occur within society. This paper focuses on the impacts of Hydro-electric power projects in the Himalayan region of Sikkim with special reference to the Dzongu which focus on demographic and Socio-economic changes. While benefits such as employment have accrued to the rural community from these economic development projects, changes in land use and in people’s occupations may have adverse impacts on their future livelihoods. The interests of local must be listened to and taken care of during the planning and the policy makers must adopt a model or strategies so that the impacts and effects of such type developmental activities can be minimized and local people who are living in the vicinity as well as who have sacrificed their belongings. To maximize the positive impacts and mitigate the negative environmental, social and economic impacts, sustainability of water resources projects is required.</p><p>Keywords: Dzongu, Hydropower, Lepcha, Sikkim, Socio-economic impact.</p>

Inspired smart materials with external stimuli responsive wettability: a review

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 36623-36641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Guo ◽  
Zhiguang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
External Stimuli

Recent progress in smart surfaces with responsive wettability upon external stimuli is reviewed and some of the barriers and potentially promising breakthroughs in this field are also briefly discussed.

Self-Oscillating Gel as Smart Materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Biological Condition ◽  
Bz Reaction ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Linear Polymer Chain

We have developed polymer and gels with an autonomous self-oscillating function by utilizing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. Under the coexistence of the substrates, the polymer undergoes spontaneous cyclic soluble-insoluble changes or swelling-deswelling changes (in the case of gel) without any on-off switching of external stimuli. By using microfabrication technique, ciliary motion actuator or self-walking gel have been demonstrated. Further, in order to realize nano-actuator, the linear polymer chain and the submicrometer-sized gel beads were prepared. By grafting the polymers or arraying the gel beads on the surface of substrates, we have attempted to design self-oscillating surface as nano-conveyer. For application to biomaterials, it is necessary to cause the self-oscillation under biological condition without using non-biorelated BZ substrates. So we attempted to introduce pH-control site and oxidant-supplying site into the polymer. By using the polymer, self-oscillation only in the existence of biorelated organic acid was actually achieved.

scholarly journals Influence of exogenous, physiological and factors of chronic inflammatory process on indicators of disturbances of adaptive processes of the person

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-202
Author(s):  
Irina Sokolovskaya ◽  
Irina Kryachok ◽  
Inna Chorna ◽  
Igor Semeniv ◽  
Andriy Kotuza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Process ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Changes in laboratory parameters can be caused by physical, chemical, biological and other external factors, depending on physiological conditions, in most cases they have an adaptive nature, and it is not always possible to distinguish them from physiological fluctuations. At the same time, obvious shifts in laboratory parameters may indicate a violation of adaptation processes and damage of tissues and organs, despite the absence of clinical manifestations of a disease.

scholarly journals Questions of teaching mathematical analysis in medical universities

KANT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Liliya Vladimirovna Yantser ◽  
Kira Evgenevna Yantser
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Modern Technologies

The contradiction between the rapid mathematization of health care through the active introduction of modern technologies and methods based on mathematical achievements in the field of medicine and the lack of a system of training medical students corresponding to these scientific successes, which allows them to carry out mathematical modeling of complex physical, chemical and biological processes at the molecular level for the purpose of their analysis and subsequent forecasting, , problems that arise when teaching mathematical analysis in medical Schools, and possible ways to solve them. The solution identified during the research of problematic issues of teaching of mathematical analysis in medical schools is offered by enhancing the quality of learning through the re-allocated for the development of the discipline course hours stimulate the motivation of students, adjusting content and methodical component of teaching and active introduction in educational process of modern information technologies, elimination of excessive mathematical formalism.

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