scholarly journals Structure Design of GFRP Composite Leaf Spring: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Linlin Ma ◽  
Jingwu He ◽  
Yizhuo Gu ◽  
Zuoguang Zhang ◽  
Zechuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Variable Thickness ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Element Analysis

Due to the high load-bearing capacity and light weight, composite leaf spring with variable width and variable thickness has been increasingly used in the automobile industry to replace the conventional steel leaf spring with a heavy weight. The optimum structural design of composite leaf spring is particularly favorable for the weight reduction. In this study, an effective algorithm is developed for structural optimization of composite leaf spring. The mechanical performance of composite leaf spring with designed dimensions is characterized using a combined experimental and computational approach. Specifically, the composite leaf spring with variable width and variable thickness was prepared using the filament winding process, and the three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the designed composite leaf spring is developed. The experimental sample and FE model of composite leaf spring are tested under the three-point bending method. From experimental and simulation results, it is shown that the bending stiffness of the designed leaf spring meets the design requirement in the automotive industry, while the results of stress calculation along all directions meet the requirements of material strength requirement. The developed algorithm contributes to the design method for optimizing the stiffness and strength performance of the composite leaf spring.

scholarly journals Developing polymer composite-based leaf spring systems for automotive industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahit Oztoprak ◽  
Mehmet Deniz Gunes ◽  
Metin Tanoglu ◽  
Engin Aktas ◽  
Oguz Ozgur Egilmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Light Commercial Vehicle ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

AbstractComposite-based mono-leaf spring systems were designed and manufactured to replace existing mono-leaf metal leaf spring in a light commercial vehicle. In this study, experimentally obtained mechanical properties of different fiber-reinforced polymer materials are presented first, followed by the description of the finite element analytical model created in Abaqus 6.12-1 (Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp., RI, US) using the obtained properties. The results from the finite element analysis are presented next and compared with actual size experimental tests conducted on manufactured prototypes. The results demonstrated that the reinforcement type and orientation dramatically influenced the spring rate. The prototypes showed significant weight reduction of about 80% with improved mechanical properties. The hybrid composite systems can be utilized for composite-based leaf springs with considerable mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Design and Finite Element analysis of Thick walled Laminated Composite Pressure Vessel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4389-4394
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

Composite materials in general offer a high potential for manufacturing of structures with featuring an interesting mechanical performance, mainly with regards to specific stiffness, specific strength, damage tolerance and energy absorption capability. In current analysis, glass fibre reinforced in epoxy resin to form a laminated composite walled pressure vessel(filament winding) is considered for design. The purpose of this work is primarily to perform finite element analysis (FEA) of a composite walled pressure vessel (CPV) under different loads. Different design stresses and strains are evaluated using Lame’s equation. These outcomes are tabulated and examined with the results of the steel walled pressure vessel used for LPG. It is foundthat CPV is a suitable vessel for LPG storage and it can be replaced current LPG steel walled vessel to CPV.

Effects of External and Internal Porous Structure Design on Mechanical Properties of Porous Scaffold: A Finite Element Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 534-539
Author(s):  
Jin Yang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Xianshuai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Element Analysis

In this paper, bionic designs and 3D modeling of external and internal porous scaffold with different pore sizes and porosities were precisely fabricated using CAD software. The mechanical performance and stress distribution pattern of two porous scaffolds were studied using finite element analysis. The results indicated that the static mechanical performance of external porous scaffold deteriorated with increasing pore size, and large peak stress and total deformation were observed. However, the calculated peak stress of internal porous scaffold was reduced by almost 58.3% to 69.4%, and the elastic modulus remains almost unchanged. The mechanical properties of porous scaffold can be optimized and greatly improved by adding a solid layer with a suitable thickness. The novel optimized design of porous scaffold is conducive to bone tissue repair and reconstruction.

Bayesian Optimization of Energy-Absorbing Lattice Structures for Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Hertlein ◽  
Kumar Vemaganti ◽  
Sam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Overhang Angle

Abstract Additive manufacturing has enabled the production of intricate lattice structures that meet stringent design requirements with minimal mass. While many methods such as lattice-based topology optimization are being developed to design lightweight structures for static loading, there is a need for design tools for achieving dynamic loading requirements. Lattice structures have shown particular promise as low-mass energy absorbers, but the computational expense of nonlinear finite element analysis and the difficulty of obtaining objective gradient information has made their optimization for impact loading particularly challenging. This study proposes a Bayesian optimization framework to determine the lattice structure design that provides the best performance under a specified impact, while managing the structure’s mass. Considering nonlinear effects such as plasticity and strain rate sensitivity, a 2D explicit finite element (FE) model is constructed for two lattice unit cell types under impact, and parameterized with respect to geometric attributes such as height, width, and strut thickness. These parameters are considered design variables in a minimization problem with an objective function that balances part volume with a common injury metric, the head injury criterion (HIC). Penalty values are assigned to designs that fail to absorb the entire impact. Design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) constraints including minimum feature thickness and maximum overhang angle are applied to ensure that the optimal design can be manufactured without subsequent manual refinement or post-processing. The best optimizer hyperparameters are then carried over into larger optimization problems involving lattice structures. Future work could include expanding this framework to allow for lattice structure designs with arbitrary boundaries.

Finite Element Analysis of the Distributed Vibration Absorbers for Structural Noise Control

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwini Gautam ◽  
Chris Fuller ◽  
James Carneal
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Vibration Absorbers ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Poroelastic Media ◽  
Hexahedral Elements ◽  
Component Models

This work presents an extensive analysis of the properties of distributed vibration absorbers (DVAs) and their effectiveness in controlling the sound radiation from the base structure. The DVA acts as a distributed mass absorber consisting of a thin metal sheet covering a layer of acoustic foam (porous media) that behaves like a distributed spring-mass-damper system. To assess the effectiveness of these DVAs in controlling the vibration of the base structures (plate) a detailed finite elements model has been developed for the DVA and base plate structure. The foam was modeled as a poroelastic media using 8 node hexahedral elements. The structural (plate) domain was modeled using 16 degree of freedom plate elements. Each of the finite element models have been validated by comparing the numerical results with the available analytical and experimental results. These component models were combined to model the DVA. Preliminary experiments conducted on the DVAs have shown an excellent agreement between the results obtained from the numerical model of the DVA and from the experiments. The component models and the DVA model were then combined into a larger FE model comprised of a base plate with the DVA treatment on its surface. The results from the simulation of this numerical model have shown that there has been a significant reduction in the vibration levels of the base plate due to DVA treatment on it. It has been shown from this work that the inclusion of the DVAs on the base plate reduces their vibration response and therefore the radiated noise. Moreover, the detailed development of the finite element model for the foam has provided us with the capability to analyze the physics behind the behavior of the distributed vibration absorbers (DVAs) and to develop more optimized designs for the same.

scholarly journals Design and analysis of concrete-filled tubular flange girders under combined loading

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322110015
Author(s):  
Rana Al-Dujele ◽  
Katherine Ann Cashell
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Hollow Section

This paper is concerned with the behaviour of concrete-filled tubular flange girders (CFTFGs) under the combination of bending and tensile axial force. CFTFG is a relatively new structural solution comprising a steel beam in which the compression flange plate is replaced with a concrete-filled hollow section to create an efficient and effective load-carrying solution. These members have very high torsional stiffness and lateral torsional buckling strength in comparison with conventional steel I-girders of similar depth, width and steel weight and are there-fore capable of carrying very heavy loads over long spans. Current design codes do not explicitly include guidance for the design of these members, which are asymmetric in nature under the combined effects of tension and bending. The current paper presents a numerical study into the behaviour of CFTFGs under the combined effects of positive bending and axial tension. The study includes different loading combinations and the associated failure modes are identified and discussed. To facilitate this study, a finite element (FE) model is developed using the ABAQUS software which is capable of capturing both the geometric and material nonlinearities of the behaviour. Based on the results of finite element analysis, the moment–axial force interaction relationship is presented and a simplified equation is proposed for the design of CFTFGs under combined bending and tensile axial force.

Thermal Modeling of a Railroad Tapered-Roller Bearing Using Finite Element Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine M. Tarawneh ◽  
Arturo A. Fuentes ◽  
Javier A. Kypuros ◽  
Lariza A. Navarro ◽  
Andrei G. Vaipan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Tapered Roller Bearing ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Railroad Industry

In the railroad industry, distressed bearings in service are primarily identified using wayside hot-box detectors (HBDs). Current technology has expanded the role of these detectors to monitor bearings that appear to “warm trend” relative to the average temperatures of the remainder of bearings on the train. Several bearings set-out for trending and classified as nonverified, meaning no discernible damage, revealed that a common feature was discoloration of rollers within a cone (inner race) assembly. Subsequent laboratory experiments were performed to determine a minimum temperature and environment necessary to reproduce these discolorations and concluded that the discoloration is most likely due to roller temperatures greater than 232 °C (450 °F) for periods of at least 4 h. The latter finding sparked several discussions and speculations in the railroad industry as to whether it is possible to have rollers reaching such elevated temperatures without heating the bearing cup (outer race) to a temperature significant enough to trigger the HBDs. With this motivation, and based on previous experimental and analytical work, a thermal finite element analysis (FEA) of a railroad bearing pressed onto an axle was conducted using ALGOR 20.3™. The finite element (FE) model was used to simulate different heating scenarios with the purpose of obtaining the temperatures of internal components of the bearing assembly, as well as the heat generation rates and the bearing cup surface temperature. The results showed that, even though some rollers can reach unsafe operating temperatures, the bearing cup surface temperature does not exhibit levels that would trigger HBD alarms.

Analysis of Thick-Walled Pipeline Elements Operating in Creep Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Przemysław Osocha ◽  
Bohdan Węglowski
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Creep Model ◽  
Creep Process ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

In some coal-fired power plants, pipeline elements have worked for over 200 000 hours and increased number of failures is observed. The paper discuses thermal wear processes that take place in those elements and lead to rupture. Mathematical model based on creep test data, and describing creep processes for analyzed material, has been developed. Model has been verified for pipeline operating temperature, lower than tests temperature, basing on Larson-Miller relation. Prepared model has been used for thermal-strength calculations based on a finite element method. Processes taking place inside of element and leading to its failure has been described. Than, basing on prepared mathematical creep model and FE model introduced to Ansys program further researches are made. Analysis of dimensions and shape of pipe junction and its influence on operational element lifetime is presented. In the end multi variable dependence of temperature, steam pressure and element geometry is shown, allowing optimization of process parameters in function of required operational time or maximization of steam parameters. The article presents wide range of methods. The creep test data were recalculated for operational temperature using Larson-Miller parameter. The creep strain were modelled, used equations and their parameters are presented. Analysis of errors were conducted. Geometry of failing pipe junction was introduced to the Ansys program and the finite element analysis of creep process were conducted.

Stress and Fatigue Life Modeling of Cannon Breech Closures Including Effects of Material Strength and Residual Stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
John H. Underwood ◽  
Michael J. Glennon
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Element Analysis

Laboratory fatigue life results are summarized from several test series of high-strength steel cannon breech closure assemblies pressurized by rapid application of hydraulic oil. The tests were performed to determine safe fatigue lives of high-pressure components at the breech end of the cannon and breech assembly. Careful reanalysis of the fatigue life tests provides data for stress and fatigue life models for breech components, over the following ranges of key parameters: 380–745 MPa cyclic internal pressure; 100–160 mm bore diameter cannon pressure vessels; 1040–1170 MPa yield strength A723 steel; no residual stress, shot peen residual stress, overload residual stress. Modeling of applied and residual stresses at the location of the fatigue failure site is performed by elastic-plastic finite element analysis using ABAQUS and by solid mechanics analysis. Shot peen and overload residual stresses are modeled by superposing typical or calculated residual stress distributions on the applied stresses. Overload residual stresses are obtained directly from the finite element model of the breech, with the breech overload applied to the model in the same way as with actual components. Modeling of the fatigue life of the components is based on the fatigue intensity factor concept of Underwood and Parker, a fracture mechanics description of life that accounts for residual stresses, material yield strength and initial defect size. The fatigue life model describes six test conditions in a stress versus life plot with an R2 correlation of 0.94, and shows significantly lower correlation when known variations in yield strength, stress concentration factor, or residual stress are not included in the model input, thus demonstrating the model sensitivity to these variables.

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