scholarly journals Cosolvent-Driven Interfacial Polymerization for Superior Separation Performance of Polyurea-Based Pervaporation Membrane

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Manuel Reyes De Guzman ◽  
Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang ◽  
Shu-Hsien Huang ◽  
Fang-Chi Hu ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Chiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Permeation Flux ◽  
Water Contact

A thin-film composite (TFC) polyurea membrane was fabricated for the dehydration of an aqueous tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution through interfacial polymerization, wherein polyethyleneimine (a water-soluble amine monomer) and m-xylene diisocyanate (an oil-soluble diisocyanate monomer) were reacted on the surface of a modified polyacrylonitrile (mPAN) substrate. Cosolvents were used to tailor the membrane properties and increase the membrane permeation flux. Four types of alcohols that differed in the number of carbon (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and tert-butanol) were added as cosolvents, serving as swelling agents, to the aqueous-phase monomer solution, and their effect on the membrane properties and pervaporation separation was discussed. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of a polyurea layer on mPAN. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and surface water contact angle analysis indicated no change in the membrane morphology and hydrophilicity, respectively, despite the addition of cosolvents for interfacial polymerization. The TFC membrane produced when ethanol was the cosolvent exhibited the highest separation performance (permeation flux = 1006 ± 103 g·m−2·h−1; water concentration in permeate = 98.8 ± 0.3 wt.%) for an aqueous feed solution containing 90 wt.% THF at 25 °C. During the membrane formation, ethanol caused the polyurea layer to loosen and to acquire a certain degree of cross-linking. The optimal fabrication conditions were as follows: 10 wt.% ethanol as cosolvent; membrane curing temperature = 50 °C; membrane curing time = 30 min.

scholarly journals Modification of Collagen Derivatives with Water-Soluble Polymers for the Development of Cross-Linked Hydrogels for Controlled Release

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4067
Author(s):  
Ioanna Tzoumani ◽  
Georgia Ch. Lainioti ◽  
Alexios J. Aletras ◽  
Gabriel Zainescu ◽  
Simina Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysate ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
The Cross

Novel cross-linked hydrogels were synthesized as potential materials for the development of smart biofertilizers. For this purpose, hydrogels were prepared using collagen hydrolysate recovered from tannery waste. The water-soluble polymer poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(SSNa-co-GMAx)) was among others used for the cross-linking reaction that combined hydrophilic nature with epoxide groups. The synthetic procedure was thoroughly investigated in order to ensure high percentage of epoxide groups in combination with water-soluble behavior. The copolymer did not show cytotoxicity against normal lung, skin fibroblasts, or nasal polyps fibroblasts. Through the present work, we also present the ability to control the properties of cross-linked hydrogels by altering copolymer’s composition and cross-linking parameters (curing temperature and time). Hydrogels were then studied in terms of water-uptake capacity for a period up to six days. The techniques Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were applied for the characterization of the synthesized copolymers and the cross-linked hydrogels. Three samples of biofertilizers based on collagen hydrolysate functionalized with P(SSNa-co-GMAx) and starch and having nutrients encapsulated (N, P, K) were prepared and characterized by physical–chemical analysis and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis-Scanning Electron Microscope (EDAX-SEM) in terms of microstructure. Preliminary tests for application as fertilizers were performed including the release degree of oxidable organic compounds.

scholarly journals Insights into the Influence of Membrane Permeability and Structure on Osmotically-Driven Membrane Processes

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Jing Wei ◽  
Qianhong She ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Internal Concentration

The success of osmotically-driven membrane (OM) technology relies critically on high-performance membranes. Yet trade-off of membrane properties, often further complicated by the strongly non-linear dependence of OM performance on them, imposes important constraint on membrane performance. This work systematically characterized four typical commercial osmotic membranes in terms of intrinsic separation parameters, structure and surface properties. The osmotic separation performance and membrane scaling behavior of these membranes were evaluated to elucidate the interrelationship of these properties. Experimental results revealed that membranes with smaller structural parameter (S) and higher water/solute selectivity underwent lower internal concentration polarization (ICP) and exhibited higher forward osmosis (FO) efficiency (i.e., higher ratio of experimental water flux over theoretical water flux). Under the condition with low ICP, membrane water permeability (A) had dominant effect on water flux. In this case, the investigated thin film composite membrane (TFC, A = 2.56 L/(m2 h bar), S = 1.14 mm) achieved a water flux up to 82% higher than that of the asymmetric cellulose triacetate membrane (CTA-W(P), A = 1.06 L/(m2 h bar), S = 0.73 mm). In contrast, water flux became less dependent on the A value but was affected more by membrane structure under the condition with severe ICP, and the membrane exhibited lower FO efficiency. The ratio of water flux (Jv TFC/Jv CTA-W(P)) decreased to 0.55 when 0.5 M NaCl feed solution and 2 M NaCl draw solution were used. A framework was proposed to evaluate the governing factors under different conditions and to provide insights into the membrane optimization for targeted OM applications.

Polysulfonamide Thin-Film Composite Membranes Applied to Dehydrate Isopropanol by Pervaporation

2013 ◽  
Vol 377 ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Hsien Huang ◽  
Chuan Hsiang Wu ◽  
Kueir Rarn Lee ◽  
Juin Yih Lai
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
Atomic Force

To dehydrate the isopropanol (IPA) by the pervaporation separation process at 25°C, the polysulfonamide thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were prepared via the interfacial polymerization of diamines including 1,3-diaminopropane (DAPE), 1,3-cyclohexanediamine (CHDA) and m-phenylenediamine (MPDA) with 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl dichloride (BDSC) on the surface of modified asymmetric polyacrylonitrile (mPAN) membrane. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectrometry, atomic force microscope (AFM) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements were applied to analyze chemical structure, surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the polymerized layer of composite membrane. In the dehydration of aqueous isopropanol solutions, the DAPE-BDSC/mPAN membrane had the higher permeation flux and the similar water concentration in permeate compared with the CHDA-BDSC/mPAN and MPDA-BDSC/mPAN membranes. The pervaporation performance of the composite membrane was affected by the chemical structure of the polysulfonamide polymer.

scholarly journals Dopamine Incorporated Forward Osmosis Membranes with High Structural Stability and Chlorine Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Zhendong Fang ◽  
Chaoxin Xie ◽  
Shuaifei Zhao ◽  
Derrick Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Water Contact

The degradation and detachment of the polyamide (PA) layer in thin-film composite (TFC) membranes due to chlorine based chemical cleaning and material difference of PA layer and substrate are two major bottlenecks of forward osmosis (FO) technology. In this study, a new type of FO membranes were prepared by controlling self-polymerization of dopamine (DA) in the aqueous phase and the reaction with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) during interfacial polymerization (IP) process. These membranes were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and water contact angle measurements. The influence of synthesis parameters such as pH of the aqueous phase, reaction time, temperature, and monomer concentrations were systematically investigated. The optimized membrane showed enhanced structure stability in ethanol (7.1 times higher) and chlorine resistance (72.3 times higher) than the conventional Piperazine(PIP)/TMC membrane due to（poly-dopamine）PDA bio-adhesion and polyester groups in the membrane structure. In general, DA/TMC membranes could be an effective strategy to fabricate high-performance FO membranes with excellent structural stability and chlorine resistance.

Pervaporative removal of acrylonitrile from aqueous streams through polydimethylsiloxane membrane

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2820-2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Aliabadi ◽  
Abdolreza Aroujalian ◽  
Ahmadreza Raisi
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Permeation Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Aqueous Streams ◽  
Successful Separation

This study describes the successful separation of acrylonitrile (ACN) from dilute aqueous streams using pervaporation process. The influences of ACN feed concentration, permeate pressure, operating temperature, feed flow rate and membrane thickness on the membrane separation performance were investigated. The results showed that with an increase in ACN concentration in the feed solution, the permeation flux of ACN increased while the enrichment factor decreased. It was also indicated that increasing the permeate pressure reduced the driving force for mass transfer and consequently the permeation flux dropped while the enrichment factor enhanced. Polydimethylsiloxane membranes used in this study showed very good properties in the separation process, leading to enrichment factors in the range of 70–140. Furthermore, the activation energy for pervaporation of both ACN and water calculated from Arrhenius plot indicated that the permeation of water through the membrane was more temperature dependant than ACN.

Optimization of the synthesis and operational parameters for NOM removal with response surface methodology during nano-composite membrane filtration

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1558-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Yousefi ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Simin Nasseri ◽  
Mehdi Khoobi ◽  
Shahrokh Nazmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Nano Composite

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate membrane synthesis by interfacial polymerization methods, the application of synthesized nano-composite membrane for natural organic matters (NOMs) removal from water, evaluation of fouling mechanism and antifouling properties. Polysulfone (PSf) was selected as a porous ultrafiltration membrane support and interfacial polymerization was done using tannic acid (TA) and Trimesoyl chloride (TMC) with central composite design (CCD). The effects of TA and TMC monomer concentrations, reaction time and post treatment temperature was evaluated. The synthesized membrane was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and water contact angle. Based on the results, the optimum conditions for synthesizing nano-composite were: TA concentration of 0.27 g/L, TMC concentration of 0.22 g/L, reaction time of 68.29 min and temperature of 25.23 °C. The predicted optimum operational conditions were a NOM concentration of 6.429 mg/L; time of 10.931 min and applied pressure of 1.039 bar. The potential applications of the synthesized nano-composite membranes with interfacial polymerization can enhance water treatment.

Dehydration of water/pyridine mixtures by pervaporation using cellulose acetate/ polyacrylonitrile blend membrane

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1695-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Lv ◽  
G. M. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Permeation Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Blend Membrane ◽  
Pyridine Solution ◽  
Operation Temperature

Cellulose acetate/ polyacrylonitrile (CA/PAN) membranes were prepared and used to separate pyridine / water mixtures by pervaporation. The membranes were characterized through SEM. The effects of feed concentration, operation temperature and downstream pressure on the separation performance were evaluated. Experimental results indicated the increase of operation temperature could raise the permeation flux and the separation factor, while increasing feed concentration and downstream pressure would raise the separation factor and decrease the permeation flux. Under the conditions that pyridine solution was 99 wt.%, operation temperature was 323 K and downstream pressure was 20 mmHg, the CA/PAN blend membrane showed its best separation performance that the permeation flux was 56 · g · m−2 h−1 and the separation factor was 182.

Preparation and Co (II) Removal of ZnO/Poly-Piperazineamide Nanofiltration Membranes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Zhang ◽  
Xuexing Chen ◽  
Qingchun Chen ◽  
Zhaolong Deng ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Radioactive Nuclide ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Separation Mechanism ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Terephthaloyl Chloride ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Zno Particles

A series of nanofiltration membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization of piperazine and terephthaloyl chloride on the surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membranes. ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated in the active separation layer to modify the performances of the membranes. The preparation conditions as the monomer concentration, dosage of nano-ZnO particles and the reaction time on removal of a simulated radioactive nuclide Co (II) were investigated. Fourier transform infrared in attenuated total reflection mode verified the formation of polyamide on the PAN ultrafiltration membrane. The scanning electron microscope images showed that the nano-ZnO particles can homogeneously fixed on the membrane surface. The retention of Co (II) increased with increasing the dosage of nano-ZnO in the range of 0∼0.03 g. Further adding more nano-ZnO, the rejection rate of Co (II) first decreased and then increased. The concentration of piperazine and terephthaloyl chloride showed similar effect on removal of Co (II) ion. 5 minutes polymerization time was sufficient to form an active separation layer on the substrate membrane which changed the separation mechanism from ultrafiltration to nanofiltration. The separation performance of NF3 prepared by the following conditions was optimum: 0.03g nano-ZnO, 0.6 wt% piperazine, 0.5 wt% terephthaloyl chloride, and the reaction time was 15 min. The rejection rates of 1000 mg/L Na2SO4 and Co2+ in CoCl2 solution were 90% and 75% respectively. The Co (II) removal rate can be increased to nearly 90% by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt. Increasing the operation pressure or the feeding concentration of Co (II) can also improve the performances of the membranes in this experiment.

scholarly journals Engineering the Surface and Mechanical Properties of Water Desalination Membranes Using Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes

Membranes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehia M. Manawi ◽  
Kui Wang ◽  
Viktor Kochkodan ◽  
Daniel J. Johnson ◽  
Muataz A. Atieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Porous Membranes ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
And Performance

In this work, novel polysulphone (PS) porous membranes for water desalination, incorporated with commercial and produced carbon nanotubes (CNT), were fabricated and analyzed. It was demonstrated that changing the main characteristics of CNT (e.g., loading in the dope solutions, aspect ratio, and functionality) significantly affected the membrane properties and performance including porosity, water flux, and mechanical and surface properties. The water flux of the fabricated membranes increased considerably (up to 20 times) along with the increase in CNT loading. Conversely, yield stress and Young’s modulus of the membranes dropped with the increase in the CNT loading mainly due to porosity increase. It was shown that the elongation at fracture for PS/0.25 wt. % CNT membrane was much higher than for pristine PS membrane due to enhanced compatibility of commercial CNTs with PS matrix. More pronounced effect on membrane’s mechanical properties was observed due to compatibility of CNTs with PS matrix when compared to other factors (i.e., changes in the CNT aspect ratio). The water contact angle for PS membranes incorporated with commercial CNT sharply decreased from 73° to 53° (membrane hydrophilization) for membranes with 0.1 and 1.0 wt. % of CNTs, while for the same loading of produced CNTs the water contact angles for the membrane samples increased from 66° to 72°. The obtained results show that complex interplay of various factors such as: loading of CNT in the dope solutions, aspect ratio, and functionality of CNT. These features can be used to engineer membranes with desired properties and performance.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional fractal nanocrystals templating for substantial performance enhancement of polyamide nanofiltration membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (37) ◽  
pp. e2019891118
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
Yuzhang Zhu ◽  
Zhenyi Wang ◽  
Wangxi Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Templating Method

In this study, we report the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) branching fractal structures (BFS) in the nanoconfinement between the active and the support layer of a thin-film-composite polyamide (TFC-PA) nanofiltration membrane. These BFS are crystal dendrites of NaCl formed when salts are either added to the piperazine solution during the interfacial polymerization process or introduced to the nascently formed TFC-PA membrane before drying. The NaCl dosing concentration and the curing temperature have an impact on the size of the BFS but not on the fractal dimension (∼1.76). The BFS can be removed from the TFC-PA membranes by simply dissolving the crystal dendrites in deionized water, and the resulting TFC-PA membranes have substantially higher water fluxes (three- to fourfold) without compromised solute rejection. The flux enhancement is believed to be attributable to the distributed reduction in physical binding between the PA active layer and the support layer, caused by the exertion of crystallization pressure when the BFS formed. This reduced physical binding leads to an increase in the effective area for water transport, which, in turn, results in higher water flux. The BFS-templating method, which includes the interesting characteristics of 2D crystal dendrites, represents a facile, low-cost, and highly practical method of enhancing the performance of the TFC-PA nanofiltration membrane without having to alter the existing infrastructure of membrane fabrication.

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