scholarly journals The Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites with Klason Lignin as a Green Reinforcing Filler: Thermal Stability, Mechanical and Dynamical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Jutharat Intapun ◽  
Thipsuda Rungruang ◽  
Sunisa Suchat ◽  
Banyat Cherdchim ◽  
Salim Hiziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Klason Lignin ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

The objective of this work was to investigate the influences of Klason lignin as a filler on the thermal stability and properties of natural rubber composites. The modulus and tensile strength of stabilized vulcanizates were measured before and after thermo-oxidative aging. It was determined that lignin filled natural rubber had significantly enhanced thermo-oxidative aging and mechanical properties compared to those of controlled samples. The reinforcement effect of lignin increased stress with lignin loading but it decreased at 20 phr, suggesting that the reinforcement mechanism of lignin was via strain-induced crystallization. The composite samples with 10 phr filler loading had the highest mechanical properties as well as thermo-oxidative degradation resistance. Such a finding could be due to interactions between the Klason lignin filler and natural rubber matrix. Based on the findings in this work, the degradation temperature of Klason lignin occurred at 420 °C. The absorption peaks at wavenumbers 1192 and 1374 cm−1 indicated that C–O stretching vibrations of the syringyl and guaiacyl rings of hardwood lignin existed. It was also found that the Klason lignin–rubber composite containing 10 phr had the highest stress–strain, 100% modulus, and tensile strength, while lignin showed increasing aging resistance of the composite comparable with commercial antioxidant at 1.5 phr. It appears that Klason lignin from rubberwood could be used as a green antioxidant and alternative reinforcing filler and for high performance eco-friendly natural rubber biocomposites.

Physical Properties of Rice Husk Fiber/Natural Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladawan Srisuwan ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

In this study, rice husk fiber (RHF) was used as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR). NR composites were prepared at various RHF contents, i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 phr. Sulfur conventional vulcanization was used. Effect of RHF content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphological properties of NR composites were investigated. The results showed that scorch and cure times of RHF/NR composites were not affected by increasing RHF content. Crosslink density, tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength of NR composites slightly decreased with increasing RHF content whereas M100 and M300 of the composites slightly increased with increasing RHF content.

Effect of Short Banana Fiber on Hardness and Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Thapanee Wongpreedee ◽  
Chana Prapruddivongs ◽  
Nanthaya Kengkhetkit
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Banana fiber (BF) was utilized as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR). BF/NR composites containing banana fiber contents of 5, 10, and 15 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) were mixed on a two-roll mill machine. The hardness, tensile properties of BF/NR composites were studied. It was found that the hardness and moduli of BF/NR composites are higher than that of NR. Despite tensile strength and strain at break of BF/NR composite lower than NR. Moreover, hardness and moduli of BF/NR composites increased, while tensile strength and strain at break decreased with the increase in banana fiber content. Thus, banana fiber exhibited improvement in the stiffness significantly of NR composites

Effect of Vulcanization Processes on Properties of Natural Rubber/Cellulose Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Yanika Poonpipat ◽  
Tanabadee Boonmalert ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

The effect of vulcanization processes and surface treatment of cellulose were investigated on tensile strength, degradation temperature, and morphological properties of cellulose/natural rubber composites. Cellulose was surface-treated with Si-69 silane coupling agent and used as reinforcing filler in natural rubber (NR). Different vulcanization processes including electron beam irradiation (EB-Cured) and sulphur vulcanization (S-Cured) were used to crosslink NR. The incorporation of both untreated and treated cellulose at various concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 phr) into NR was found to significantly improve the tensile strength and modulus. Notably, with addition of treated cellulose in NR, the tensile strength and modulus were considerably higher than that of the untreated cellulose for all curing system. SEM morphological analysis revealed a well dispersion of cellulose particles in NR matrix. Addition of cellulose slightly decreased the onset of degradation temperature of NR, however, the degradable temperature was found to be unchanged. The curing systems had shown an impact on tensile property of NR. S-Cured NR exhibited highest modulus of 2.23 MPa comparing to the EB-Cured NR (1.69 MPa) for the same amount of cellulose (20 phr), due to a stronger crosslink network. However, the curing system had no significant impact on degradation temperature of NR.

Cogon Grass Fiber-Epoxidized Natural Rubber Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Wasaphon Wanasut ◽  
Apikiat Singkum ◽  
Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

This research shows a great potential of cogon grass fiber to be used as a reinforcement in epoxidized natural rubber composites. The thermal and mechanical properties of cogon grass fiber-epoxidized natural rubber composites were studied. The chemical treatment of cogon grass fiber to be used as a reinforcing filler was revealed. Effects of fiber treatment method and treatment time of cogon grass fiber on thermal properties of the fibers and their composites were elucidated. The addition of cogon grass fiber into epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) improved the mechanical properties of the composites.The result indicated that alkaline treatment followed by acid treatment of cogon grass fiber led to an increase in thermal decomposition temperature and mechanical properties of the composites more than that without acid treatment. With increasing the amount of fiber, tensile strength of ENR composites were significantly increased while elongation at break was insignificantly changed. ENR with the addition of 4-Amino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine monohydrate as coupling agent (ENRC) was shown to have higher tensile strength, modulus at 200% elongation and elongation at break than ENR. Improved mechanical properties were also obtained in ENRC composites compared to those of ENR composites.

Synthesis of Natural Composite of Natural Rubber Filling Chitosan Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thidarat Petchsoongsakul ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
Chaveewan Kongkaew ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Natural Composite

Mechanical properties of natural rubber composite were improved by adding chitosan nanoparticles in this work. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. The effect of chitosan nanoparticle content in natural rubber at 0, 3, 6 and 9 phr were studied. Size of the synthesized chitosan nanoparticles was 282 ± 96 nm. Natural rubber vulcanization was by electron irradiation at intensity 200 kGy. The morphology of composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus) were determined by tensile testing. The interaction of filler-rubber was illustrated by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that chitosan nanoparticles was well dispersed within natural rubber matrix. The optimum filler content was affected to mechanicals properties of natural rubber composites. The chitosan nanoparticles at 3 phr in natural rubber composites was found to have the highest mechanical properties. The dispersion and immobilization of chitosan nanoparticles at 3 phr was the best among all loading. In addition, 3 phr chitosan nanoparticles / natural rubber composite had filler-rubber higher interaction than those of other loading.

Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: Dispersion Mixing and Effect on Thermal Stability, Rheological and Mechanical Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 943 ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Methus Charoenchai ◽  
Siree Tangbunsuk ◽  
Wirunya Keawwattana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Vulcanization Process ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this study, graphene nanoplatelets C750 (GnPs-C750) was introduced to silica-filled natural rubber composites (NR/SiO2/GnPs) by simple latex mixing process and coagulation following conventional vulcanization process to investigate the outstanding properties compared to individuals. The SiO2 and GnPs contents were fixed at 40 and 2 parts per hundred of rubber (phr), respectively. The results showed that in the presence of GnPs in SiO2-filled natural rubber composites, the thermal stability of the composite was improved. Meanwhile, the rheological properties including minimum torque and maximum torque were increased and cure characteristics including scorch time and optimum cure time were decreased related to cure rate index was greater than SiO2 individual. The influence of GnPs on the mechanical properties was investigated. The results showed that it was not significantly changed in mechanical properties.

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