Flexural Properties and Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Polyamide 11/Basalt Fiber Fabric Laminates

Environmentally friendly composite plates intended for load-bearing applications were prepared and systematically characterized in terms of mechanical performances and morphological features. Sample plates combining two extrusion grades of bio-polyamide 11, one of which is plasticized, and two basalt fiber fabrics (plain weave and twill architectures) were obtained by film stacking and hot pressing, and their mechanical properties were investigated by quasi-static flexural and low-velocity impact tests. The comparative analysis of the results, also interpreted by the bending damage analysis, through optical microscope observations, and impact damage analysis through visual inspection and indentation measurements demonstrate that, besides interfacial adhesion issues, the mechanical performance of the laminates need to be optimized through a careful selection of the constituents in the light of the final application. In particular, if the goal is a gain in impact strength, the use of the plasticized matrix is beneficial, but it brings about a loss in stiffness and strength that can be partially compensated by properly selecting a more performing fiber fabric architecture. The latter must also be easily permeated by the matrix to enhance the efficiency of stress transfer from the matrix. Overall, our results can be exploited for the development of bio-composites for particularly demanding applications.