scholarly journals Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Using a Graphene Oxide-Coated Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffold

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Jiyong Park ◽  
Sangbae Park ◽  
Jae Eun Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Je Jang ◽  
Hoon Seonwoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
3D Printed

Periodontal diseases occur through bacterial infection in the oral cavity, which can cause alveolar bone loss. Several efforts have been made to reconstruct alveolar bone, such as grafting bone substitutes and 3D-printed scaffolds. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is biocompatible and biodegradable, thus demonstrating its potential as a biomaterial substitute; however, it is difficult for cells to adhere to PCL because of its strong hydrophobicity. Therefore, its use as a biomaterial has limitations. In this study, we used graphene oxide (GO) as a coating material to promote the osteogenic differentiation ability of PCL scaffolds. First, 3D-printed PCL scaffolds were fabricated, and the oxygen plasma treatment and coating conditions were established according to the concentration of GO. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared scaffolds were evaluated through water contact angle analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and image analysis. In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) on the GO scaffolds were assessed via the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay, and the osteogenic differentiation ability was evaluated through alizarin red S staining. The results confirmed that the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the PDLSCs were enhanced in the scaffolds coated with oxygen plasma and GO. In conclusion, the plasma-treated GO-coating method that we developed can be used to promote the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the scaffolds.

scholarly journals N-acetylcysteine promotes osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament stem cells under cyclic mechanical stretch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Xi ◽  
Zixuan Li ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Mechanical Stretch ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Ct System

Abstract Background Biomechanical forces are vital for the regulation of skeletal tissue. Mechanical stretch plays a vital role in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) during orthodontic treatment. Cyclic mechanical stretch may trigger the up-regulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS has a critical effect on bone cell function and the pathophysiology of bone diseases. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, possesses powerful antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to determine the role of ROS and NAC in PDLSCs during osteogenic differentiation under cyclic mechanical stretch. We further investigated that the therapeutic potential of NAC to improve the changes of the microstructure of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement in rats by micro-CT system. Methods The expression of COL1 (collagen type I), RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) and OPN (osteopontin) by qRT-PCR and Western blot experiments, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining as well as ALP activity tests were used to examine osteogenic differentiation tendency of PDLSCs subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch of 10% and 0.5Hz deformation induced by the Flexcell tension system. ROS production in PDLSCs were measured under cyclic mechanical stretch by Flow Cytometry. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio with or without NAC treatment were analyzed. And we evaluated the changes of the microstructure of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement in rats employing micro-CT system. Results NAC treatment could promote the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs under cyclic mechanical stretch. Down-regulated ROS generation and the up-regulated level of GSH and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in PDLSCs treated with NAC were observed in response to cyclic mechanical stretch. NAC improved the microstructure of alveolar bone, including BV/TV (bone volume/total volume), Tb.Th (trabecular thickness), Tb.Sp (trabecular separation) and SMI (microstructure model index), during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Conclusion These results revealed that NAC might be a potential therapeutic approach for the remodeling of the alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 247275122199922
Author(s):  
Paras Ahmad ◽  
Martin J. Stoddart ◽  
Elena Della Bella
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, are the most common causes of bone tissue destruction. Periodontitis often leads to loss of connective tissue homeostasis and reduced alveolar bone levels. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a population of multipotent stem cells derived from periodontal ligament tissues, are considered as candidate cells for the regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues. Periodontitis impairs the osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), have been proposed as vital regulators influencing several differentiation processes including bone regeneration. Still, the molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs regulating osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs remain poorly understood. Exploring the influence of ncRNAs in the process of osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs may provide novel therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration as the regeneration of the lost periodontium is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy.

Melatonin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Through Bone Morphogenic Proteins-2-Related Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-686
Author(s):  
Na Yu ◽  
Jinghui Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Han ◽  
Cunjirigala Na ◽  
Xiaoguang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Protein Expressions

Periodontitis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases that troubled the majority of adults. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have been reported as a promising therapy for the treatment of periodontitis. Melatonin, an indoleamine hormone from pineal gland, has various biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and so on. However, whether it is functional in periodontitis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin in periodontitis and elucidate the molecular mechanism. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate hPDLSCs, and viability of hPDLSCs that was treated with melatonin (0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 μmol/L) for 24 h or 48 h was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to detect the influence of melatonin on cell proliferation. Osteogenic differentiation ability of melatonin was determined by Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay kit and Alizarin Red Staining. Lastly, western blot was used for the determination of protein expressions related to proliferation, differentiation and ERK/Wnt signaling activity. The results showed that LPS significantly inhibited cell viability, which was reversed by melatonin, especially at 10 μM for 48 h and at 50 μM for 24 h. Melatonin (10 μM, 48 h) and melatonin (50 μM, 24 h) notably induced G0/G1 phase cell arrest, increased the expression of CDK2, cyclin E and decreased the expression of p27 in LPS-stimulated hPDLSCs. Besides, melatonin significantly promoted cell differentiation through increasing ALP activity, mineralization and protein expressions of Oct4, Sox-2, Runx2 and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). Additionally, BMP-2 related ERK and Wnt signaling was activated with the treatment of melatonin in LPS-stimulated hPDLSCs. Collectively, melatonin could improve cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in LPS-stimulated hPDLSCs, partly through regulating BMP2-related ERK/Wnt pathway.

scholarly journals EphrinB2 regulates osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and alveolar bone defect regeneration in beagles

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204173141989436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penglai Wang ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Tengyu Geng ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Shaoyue Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Gene Expression ◽  
Osteogenic Gene

EphrinB2, a membrane protein regulating bone homeostasis, has been demonstrated to induce osteogenic gene expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ephrinB2 on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and on alveolar bone regeneration in vivo. We assessed the osteogenic gene expression and osteogenic differentiation potential of ephrinB2-modified human and canine periodontal ligament stem cells, in which ephrinB2 expression was upregulated via lentiviral vector transduction. EphrinB2-modified canine periodontal ligament stem cells combined with PuraMatrix were delivered to critical-sized alveolar bone defects in beagles to evaluate bone regeneration. Results showed that ephrinB2 overexpression enhanced osteogenic gene transcription and mineral deposition in both human and canine periodontal ligament stem cells. Animal experiments confirmed that ephrinB2-modified canine periodontal ligament stem cells + PuraMatrix resulted in greater trabecular bone volume per tissue volume and trabecular thickness compared with other groups. Our study demonstrated that ephrinB2 promoted osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and alveolar bone repair in beagles, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of alveolar bone damage.

scholarly journals FoxO1 Overexpression Ameliorates TNF-α-Induced Oxidative Damage and Promotes Osteogenesis of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via Antioxidant Defense Activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Huang ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Yunyi Xie ◽  
Zeyuan Cao ◽  
Xuefeng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Tnf Α

Periodontitis is a chronic disease that includes the pathologic loss of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. The inflammatory environment in periodontitis impairs the osteogenic differentiation potential and depresses the regeneration capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Since Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) plays an important role in redox balance and bone formation, we investigated the role of FoxO1 in oxidative stress resistance and osteogenic differentiation in an inflammatory environment by overexpressing FoxO1 in hPDLSCs. First, we found that FoxO1 overexpression reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and elevated antioxidant potential under oxidative condition. Next, the overexpression of FoxO1 protected hPDLSCs against oxidative damage, which involved stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Third, overexpressed FoxO1 promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and increased the expression of the osteogenic markers Runx2 and SP7 in the inflammatory environment. These results indicated that FoxO1 overexpression in hPDLSCs has an anti-inflammatory effect, increases antioxidative capacity, and positively regulates osteogenesis in a mimicked inflammatory environment.

Attenuation of Porphyromonas Gingival Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Injury and Inflammation by Blocking Cell Pyroptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1940-1946
Author(s):  
Shuangfeng Jiang ◽  
Shanjuan Huang ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Xiaosheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Alizarin Red

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissue, and programmed cell death plays an important role in chronic periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis. Studies have shown that the increased expression of pyroptosis-related NLRP3 inflammasome and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in gingivitis, invasive periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis patients. The present study aimed to investigate whether the inhibition of pyroptosis could protect porphyromonas gingival lipopolysaccharide (pg-LPS)-induced human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) injury and inflammation. The hPDLSCs were treated with pg-LPS and ATP in the presence of caspase1/4 inhibitor VX765. The cell proliferation and survival were assessed by CCK-8, the osteogenic differentiation capacity was evaluated by Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) assay and alizarin red staining. Then, cell apoptosis, cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) and generation of inflammatory cytokines were estimated. Lastly, western blotting was used to detect the expression of potential target proteins. Results showed that the treatment of pg-LPS plus ATP significantly inhibited the proliferation, survival and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, while inducing cell apoptosis, pyroptosis and inflammation. However, the presence of VX765 partially recovered the cell proliferation, survival and osteogenic differentiation. At the same time, VX765 inhibited cell apoptosis, cleavage of GSDMD and generation of inflammatory cytokines. Besides, the expression of related proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved (c)-caspase3, c-caspase4, c-caspase1, Toll Like Receptor 4, High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and NLRP3 was all rescued by VX765. In conclusion, our results revealed that the blocking of cell pyroptosis could protect hPDLSCs from pg-LPS-induced injury. Therefore, the application of pyroptosis inhibitor may be a valuable therapeutic approach for treating periodontitis.

scholarly journals Impact of Magnetic Stimulation on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Valentina Peluso ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Teresa Russo ◽  
Olimpia Oliviero ◽  
Anna Di Vito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a time-dependent magnetic field on the biological performance of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). A Western blot analysis and Alamar Blue assay were performed to investigate the proliferative capacity of magnetically stimulated PDLSCs (PDLSCs MAG) through the study of the MAPK cascade (p-ERK1/2). The observation of ALP levels allowed the evaluation of the effect of the magnetic field on osteogenic differentiation. Metabolomics data, such as oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and ATP production provided an overview of the PDLSCs MAG metabolic state. Moreover, the mitochondrial state was investigated through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results showed a good viability for PDLSCs MAG. Magnetic stimulation can activate the ERK phosphorylation more than the FGF factor alone by promoting a better cell proliferation. Osteogenic differentiation was more effectively induced by magnetic stimulation. The metabolic panel indicated significant changes in the mitochondrial cellular respiration of PDLSCs MAG. The results suggested that periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) can respond to biophysical stimuli such as a time-dependent magnetic field, which is able to induce changes in cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, the magnetic stimulation also produced an effect on the cell metabolic profile. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that a time-dependent magnetic stimulation may improve the regenerative properties of PDLSCs.

scholarly journals Effects of Naringin on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Yin ◽  
Wenxiao Cheng ◽  
Zishun Qin ◽  
Hongdou Yu ◽  
Zhanhai Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Trabecular Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

This study is to explore the osteogenesis potential of the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) induced by naringin in vitro and in vitro. The results confirmed that 1 μM naringin performs the best effect and a collection of bone-related genes (RUNX2,COL1A2, OPN, and OCN) had significantly higher expression levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, a typical trabecular structure was observed in vivo, surrounded by a large amount of osteoblasts. These results demonstrated that naringin, at a concentration of 1 μM, can efficiently promote the proliferation and differentiation of hPDLSCs both in vitro and in vivo.

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