scholarly journals Effect of Monochloroacetic Acid on Properties of Carboxymethyl Bacterial Cellulose Powder and Film from Nata de Coco

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
Warinporn Klunklin ◽  
Pensak Jantrawut ◽  
Noppol Leksawasdi ◽  
Kittisak Jantanasakulwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Monochloroacetic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Elongation At Break

Nata de coco has been used as a raw material for food preparation. In this study, the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film from nata de coco and the effect of monochloroacetic acid on carboxymethyl bacterial cellulose (CMCn) and its film were investigated. Bacterial cellulose from nata de coco was modified into CMC form via carboxymethylation using various concentrations of monochloroacetic acid (MCA) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 g per 15 g of cellulose. The results showed that different concentrations of MCA affected the degree of substitution (DS), chemical structure, viscosity, color, crystallinity, and morphology of CMCn. The optimum treatment for carboxymethylation was found using 24 g of MCA per 15 g of cellulose, which provided the highest DS at 0.83. The morphology of CMCn was related to DS value; a higher DS value showed denser and smoother surface than nata de coco cellulose. The various MCA concentrations increased the mechanical properties (tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break) and water vapor permeability of CMCn, which were related to the DS value.

scholarly journals Carboxymethyl Bacterial Cellulose from Nata de Coco: Effects of NaOH

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
Pensak Jantrawut ◽  
Warinporn Klunklin ◽  
Kittisak Jantanasakulwong ◽  
Yuthana Phimolsiripol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Acetobacter Xylinum ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Elongation At Break

Bacterial cellulose from nata de coco was prepared from the fermentation of coconut juice with Acetobacter xylinum for 10 days at room temperature under sterile conditions. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was transformed from the bacterial cellulose from the nata de coco by carboxymethylation using different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in an isopropyl (IPA) medium. The effects of various NaOH concentrations on the degree of substitution (DS), chemical structure, viscosity, color, crystallinity, morphology and the thermal properties of carboxymethyl bacterial cellulose powder from nata de coco (CMCn) were evaluated. In the carboxymethylation process, the optimal condition resulted from NaOH amount of 30 g/100 mL, as this provided the highest DS value (0.92). The crystallinity of CMCn declined after synthesis but seemed to be the same in each condition. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break), water vapor permeability (WVP) and morphology of CMCn films obtained from CMCn synthesis using different NaOH concentrations were investigated. The tensile strength of CMCn film synthesized with a NaOH concentration of 30 g/100 mL increased, however it declined when the amount of NaOH concentration was too high. This result correlated with the DS value. The highest percent elongation at break was obtained from CMCn films synthesized with 50 g/100 mL NaOH, whereas the elongation at break decreased when NaOH concentration increased to 60 g/100 mL.

Development of Biodegradable Films Based on Durian Seed Starch

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pimpa ◽  
C. Pimpa ◽  
P. Junsangsree
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Durian Seed

Fresh durian seed consists largely of starch and can be considered such a suitable raw material for producing biodegradable films. The aim of this work was to develop biodegradable films based on durian seed starch (DSS) and to characterize their water barrier, microscopic and mechanical properties. DSS films were prepared by casting with glycerol as plasticizer. Corn starch and cassava starch, commonly used in food processing, were chosen to prepare films and compare their properties to the DSS-based films. Using a second biopolymer, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), in the DSS based composite has been studied as a strategy to improve their important properties. Water vapor permeability and elongation values were improved significantly (p<0.05) when 5% (w/w DSS) CMC was incorporated. Therefore, preparing biodegradable films from DSS is a new alternative for using this raw material which is sometimes much cheaper than commercial starches

Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose/Modified Nano-SiO2 Composites Packaging Films by NMMO Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1162-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Jun Wang ◽  
Jian Qing Wang ◽  
Mei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Packaging Films ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Composites

Cellulose-based composites packaging films containing various amounts of modified nano-SiO2 were prepared by utilizing hardwood pulps as natural cellulose resource through NMMO-technology to improve the mechanical properties, permeability for oxygen and water vapor etc. The tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability and permeability of the cellulose composites films as a function of the content of modified nano-SiO2 were studied. The investigation suggested that the capabilities of composites films with 2 wt.% modified nano-SiO2 added were improved largely, compared to pure cellulose films, when the diameter of particles is 30nm. The tensile strength was increased from 8.95 to 17.37 MPa and the elongation at break of the cellulose composites films was improved from 41.11% to 58.34%. The composites films with rational mechanical properties have adjustable oxygen permeability (7.90×10-15-72.18×10-15 cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa) and water vapor permeability (7.12×10-13-5.32×10-13g·cm/cm2·s·Pa). And thermal stability of the composites films was advanced through adding modified nano-SiO2.

scholarly journals Development of PE/PCL Bilayer Films Modified with Casein and Aluminum Oxide

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3090
Author(s):  
Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽  
Ana Rešček ◽  
Zvonimir Katančić ◽  
Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Oxide Compound ◽  
Bilayer Films ◽  
Oxide Particles

The studied samples were prepared from polyethylene (PE) polymer which was coated with modified polycaprolactone (PCL) film in order to obtain bilayer films. Thin PCL film was modified with casein/aluminum oxide compound to enhance vapor permeability as well as mechanical and thermal properties of PE/PCL films. Casein/aluminum oxide modifiers were used in order to achieve some functional properties of polymer film that can be used in various applications, e.g., reduction of water vapor permeability (WVTR) and good mechanical and thermal properties. Significant improvement was observed in mechanical properties, especially in tensile strength as well as in water vapor values. Samples prepared with aluminum oxide particles indicated significantly lower values up to 60%, and samples that were prepared with casein and 5% Al2O3 showed the lowest WVTR value.

scholarly journals Enzymatic and Chemical Cross-Linking of Bacterial Cellulose/Fish Collagen Composites—A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3346
Author(s):  
Agata Sommer ◽  
Paulina Dederko-Kantowicz ◽  
Hanna Staroszczyk ◽  
Sławomir Sommer ◽  
Marek Michalec
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Fish Collagen ◽  
Chemical Cross Linking

This article compares the properties of bacterial cellulose/fish collagen composites (BC/Col) after enzymatic and chemical cross-linking. In our methodology, two transglutaminases are used for enzymatic cross-linking—one recommended for the meat and the other proposed for the fish industry—and pre-oxidated BC (oxBC) is used for chemical cross-linking. The structure of the obtained composites is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their functional properties by mechanical and water barrier tests. While polymer chains in uncross-linked BC/Col are intertwined by H-bonds, new covalent bonds in enzymatically cross-linked ones are formed—resulting in increased thermal stability and crystallinity of the material. The C2–C3 bonds cleavage in D-glucose units, due to BC oxidation, cause secondary alcohol groups to vanish in favor of the carbonyl groups’ formation, thus reducing the number of H-bonded OHs. Thermal stability and crystallinity of oxBC/Col remain lower than those of BC/Col. The BC/Col formation did not affect tensile strength and water vapor permeability of BC, but enzymatic cross-linking with TGGS improved them significantly.

Effect of Castor Oil Impregnation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bacterial Cellulose

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Myrtha Karina ◽  
Lucia Indrarti ◽  
Rike Yudianti ◽  
Indriyati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acetone Water

The effect of castor oil on the physical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose is described. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was impregnated with 0.5–2% (w/v) castor oil (CO) in acetone–water, providing BCCO films. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the castor oil penetrated the pores of the bacterial cellulose, resulting in a smoother morphology and enhanced hydrophilicity. Castor oil caused a slight change in crystallinity indices and resulted in reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus but increased elongation at break. A significant reduction in tensile strength and Young's modulus was achieved in BCCO films with 2% castor oil, and there was an improvement in elongation at break and hydrophilicity. Impregnation with castor oil, a biodegradable and safe plasticiser, resulted in less rigid and more ductile composites.

scholarly journals Few-layer graphene aqueous suspensions for polyurethane composite coatings

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Cunha ◽  
Fernando Duarte ◽  
M. Fernanda Proença ◽  
M. Conceição Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

ABSTRACTGraphite nanoplates (GnP) have recently attracted attention as an economically viable alternative for the development of functional and structural nanocomposites. The incorporation of GnP into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with loadings from 0.1 to 10 wt.% was studied. The mechanical properties of the composite films were assessed by tensile testing showing an increase of the Young’s modulus up to 48%. The electrical conductivity increased by 9 orders of magnitude and the water vapor permeability of the composite films decreased 57% for composites containing 5.0 wt.% of GnP.

scholarly journals Preparation, properties and applications of wheat gluten edible films

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. TANADA-PALMU ◽  
H. HELÉN ◽  
L. HYVÖNEN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Bilayer Film ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Elongation At Break

Edible films from wheat gluten were prepared with various amounts of glycerol as a plasticizer. Water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, tensile strength and percentage elongation at break at different water activities ( aw ) were measured. Films with low amounts of glycerol had lower water vapor and oxygen permeabilities, higher tensile strength and lower elongation at break. Wheat gluten coatings reduced weight loss during two weeks of storage for cherry tomatoes and sharon fruits compared to uncoated controls. A bilayer film of wheat gluten and beeswax significantly lowered weight loss from coated cheese cubes compared to single layer coating of wheat gluten.;

Fabrication of Composite Films Based on Chitosan and Vegetable-Tanned Collagen Fibers Crosslinked with Genipin

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yanchun Liu ◽  
Eleanor M. Brown ◽  
Zhengxin Ma ◽  
Cheng-Kung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Compact Structure

The leather industry generates considerable amounts of solid waste and raises many environmental concerns during its disposal. The presence of collagen in these wastes provides a potential protein source for the fabrication of bio-based value-added products. Herein, a novel composite film was fabricated by incorporating vegetable-tanned collagen fiber (VCF), a mechanically ground powder-like leather waste, into a chitosan matrix and crosslinked with genipin. The obtained composite film showed a compact structure and the hydrogen bonding interactions were confirmed by FTIR analysis, indicating a good compatibility between chitosan and VCF. The optical properties, water absorption capacity, thermal stability, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties of the composite films were characterized. The incorporation of VCF into chitosan led to significant decreases in opacity and solubility of the films. At the same time, the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and thermal stability of the films were improved. The composite film exhibited antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens. Results from this research indicated the potential of the genipin-crosslinked chitosan/VCF composites for applications in antimicrobial packaging. 

scholarly journals Elaboration and Characterization of Active Apple Starch Films Incorporated with Ellagic Acid

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Juan Tirado-Gallegos ◽  
Paul Zamudio-Flores ◽  
José Ornelas-Paz ◽  
Claudio Rios-Velasco ◽  
Guadalupe Olivas Orozco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Starch Films

Apple starch films were obtained from apples harvested at 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after full bloom (DAFB). Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability (WVP) were evaluated. The apple starch films at 70 DAFB presented higher values in the variables of tensile strength (8.12 MPa), elastic modulus (3.10 MPa) and lower values of water vapor permeability (6.77 × 10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1) than apple starch films from apples harvested at 60, 80 and 90 DAFB. Therefore, these films were chosen to continue the study incorporating ellagic acid (EA). The EA was added at three concentrations [0.02% (FILM-EA0.02%), 0.05% (FILM-EA0.05%) and 0.1% (FILM-EA0.1%) w/w] and compared with the apple starch films without EA (FILM-Control). The films were characterized by their physicochemical, optical, morphological and mechanical properties. Their thermal stability and antioxidant capacity were also evaluated. The FILM-Control and FILM-EA0.02% showed a uniform surface, while FILM-EA0.05% and FILM-EA0.1% showed a rough surface and insoluble EA particles. Compared to FILM-Control, EA modified the values of tensile strength, elasticity modulus and elongation at break. The antioxidant capacity increased as EA concentration did. EA incorporation allowed obtaining films with higher antioxidant capacity, capable of blocking UV light with better mechanical properties than film without EA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document