scholarly journals Charging of Piezoelectric Cellular Polypropylene Film by Means of a Series Dielectric Layer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Pedro Llovera-Segovia ◽  
Gustavo Ortega-Braña ◽  
Vicente Fuster-Roig ◽  
Alfredo Quijano-López
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Dielectric Layer ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
Dielectric Polarization ◽  
Surface Flashover ◽  
In Series

Piezoelectric polymer cellular films have been developed and improved in the past decades. These piezoelectric materials are based on the polarization of the internal cells by means of induced discharges in the gas inside the cells. Internal discharges are driven by an external applied electric field. With this polarization method, cellular polypropylene (PP) polymers exhibit a high piezoelectric coefficient d33 and have been investigated because of their low dielectric polarization, high resistivity, and flexibility. Charging polymers foams is normally obtained by applying a corona discharge to the surface with a single tip electrode-plane arrangement or a triode electrode, which consists of a tip electrode-plane structure with a controlled potential intermediate mesh. Corona charging allows the surface potential of the sample to rise without breakdown or surface flashover. A charging method has been developed without corona discharge, and this has provided good results. In our work, a method has been developed to polarize polypropylene foams by applying an insulated high-voltage electrode on the surface of the sample. The dielectric layer in series with the sample allows for a high internal electric field to be reached in the sample but avoids dielectric breakdown of the sample. The distribution of the electric field between the sample and the dielectric barrier has been calculated. Experimental results with three different electrodes present good outcome in agreement with the calculations. High d33 constants of about 880 pC/N have been obtained. Mapping of the d33 constant on the surface has also been carried out showing good homogeneity on the area under the electrode.

Strain and Current Responses During Electron Flux Excitation of Piezoelectric Ceramics

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Hadinata ◽  
John A. Main
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Electron Flux ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Opposite Face ◽  
Electric Field Induced Strain

The electric field induced strain in piezoelectric materials subjected to an electron flux is examined in this paper. An analysis using quantum mechanics indicates that stable and controllable strains with very low current draw should be achievable over a range of positive and negative control potentials. The model also predicts an instability in the internal electric field at larger negative potentials. The model was evaluated by observing the strain output of PZT5h plates subjected to an electron flux on one face and voltage inputs from a single electrode on the opposite face. The strain response and current flow were measured as a function of electrode potential and electron energy. All of the significant predictions of the model were verified by the experimental results. Further experiments were performed to examine the time response of the strain induced in the plate. It was found that the location and potential of the electron collector dramatically influences the dynamic response of the system.

Properties Variation with Composition of Single-Crystal Pb(ZrxTi1−x,)O3 Thin Films Prepared by MOCVD

1995 ◽  
Vol 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Foster ◽  
G.-R. Bai ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
R. Jammy ◽  
L. A. Wills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
Dielectric Polarization ◽  
Sputter Deposited

AbstractSingle-crystal thin films covering the full compositional range of Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3(PZT) 0≤x≤1 have been deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The films were grown on epitaxial, RF-sputter-deposited SrRuO3 thin film electrodes on (001) SrTiO3 substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive electron spectroscopy (EDS) and optical waveguiding were used to characterize the crystalline structure, composition, refractive index, and film thickness of the deposited films. We found that the PZT films were single-crystalline for all compositions exhibiting cube-on-cube epitaxy with the substrate with very high degrees of crystallinity and orientation. We report the systematic variations in the optical, dielectric, polarization, and transport properties as a function of composition and the epitaxy-induced modifications in the solid-solution phase diagram of this system. These films exhibited electronic properties which showed clear systematic variations with composition. High values of remnant polarization (30–55 μC/cm2) were observed at all ferroelectric compositions. Unlike previous studies, the dielectric constant exhibited a clear dependence on composition with values ranging from 225–650. The coercive fields decreased with increasing Zr concentration to a minimum of 20 kV/cm at the (70/30) composition. In addition, these films exhibited both high resistivity and dielectric-breakdown strength (˜1013 Ω-cm at 100 kV/cm and >300 kV/cm, respectively) without any compensative doping.

Assessment of Reliability of cap layers used in Cu-Black DiamondTM Interconnects

2003 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahila Krishnamoorthy ◽  
N.Y. Huang ◽  
Shu-Yunn Chong
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Layer ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Breakdown Field ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Voltage Ramp ◽  
Low K

AbstractBlack DiamondTM. (BD) is one of the primary candidates for use in copper-low k integration. Although BD is SiO2 based, it is vastly different from oxide in terms of dielectric strength and reliability. One of the main reliability concerns is the drift of copper ions under electric field to the surrounding dielectric layer and this is evaluated by voltage ramp (V-ramp) and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). Metal 1 and Metal 2 intralevel comb structures with different metal widths and spaces were chosen for dielectric breakdown studies. Breakdown field of individual test structures were obtained from V-ramp tests in the temperature range of 30 to 150°C. TDDB was performed in the field range 0.5 – 2 MV/cm. From the leakage between combs at the same level (either metal 1 or metal 2) Cu drift through SiC/BD or SiN/BD interface was characterized. It was found that Cu/barrier and barrier/low k interfaces functioned as easy paths for copper drift thereby shorting the lines. Cu/SiC was found to provide a better interface than Cu/SiN.

Tuning the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Al-Al2O3 Nanosphere Towards NIR Region by Gold Coating

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Katyal ◽  
Shivani Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Dielectric Layer ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Field Enhancement ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Sers Substrate ◽  
Al Nanoparticles

Background: A relatively narrow LSPR peak and a strong inter band transition ranging around 800 nm makes Al strongly plasmonic active material. Usually, Al nanoparticles are preferred for UV-plasmonic as the SPR of small size Al nanoparticles locates in deep UV-UV region of the optical spectrum. This paper focused on tuning the LSPR of Al nanostructure towards infrared region by coating Au layer. The proposed structure has Au as outer layer which prevent the further oxidation of Al nanostructure. Methods: The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Plasmon Hybridization Theory has been used to evaluated the LSPR and field enhancement of single and dimer Al-Al2O3-Au MDM nanostructure. Results: It is observed that the resonance mode show dependence on the thickness of Al2O3 layer and also on the composition of nanostructure. The Au layered MDM nanostructure shows two peak of equal intensities simultaneously in UV and visible region tuned to NIR region. The extinction spectra and electric field distribution profiles of dimer nanoparticles are compared with monomer to reveal the extent of coupling. The dimer configuration shows higher field enhancement ~107 at 1049 nm. By optimizing the thickness of dielectric layer the MDM nanostructure can be used over UV-visible-NIR region. Conclusion: The LSPR peak shows dependence on the thickness of dielectric layer and also on the composition of nanostructure. It has been observed that optimization of size and thickness of dielectric layer can provide two peaks of equal intensities in UV and Visible region which is advantageous for many applications. The electric field distribution profiles of dimer MDM nanostructure enhanced the field by ~107 in visible and NIR region shows its potential towards SERS substrate. The results of this study will provide valuable information for the optimization of LSPR of Al-Al2O3-Au MDM nanostructure to have high field enhancement.

Effect of the double grading on the internal electric field and on the carrier collection in CIGS solar cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 110948
Author(s):  
Alban Lafuente-Sampietro ◽  
Katsuhisa Yoshida ◽  
Shenghao Wang ◽  
Shogo Ishizuka ◽  
Hajime Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
Carrier Collection ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells
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