scholarly journals Synthesis and Application of Arylaminophosphazene as a Flame Retardant and Catalyst for the Polymerization of Benzoxazines

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Bornosuz ◽  
Irina Yu. Gorbunova ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Kireev ◽  
Yulya V. Bilichenko ◽  
Larisa V. Chursova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Flammability Characteristics ◽  
And Shifts

A novel type of phosphazene containing an additive that acts both as a catalyst and as a flame retardant for benzoxazine binders is presented in this study. The synthesis of a derivative of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCP) and meta-toluidine was carried out in the medium of the latter, which made it possible to achieve the complete substitution of chlorine atoms in the initial HCP. Thermal and flammability characteristics of modified compositions were investigated. The modifier catalyzes the process of curing and shifts the beginning of reaction from 222.0 °C for pure benzoxazine to 205.9 °C for composition with 10 phr of modifier. The additive decreases the glass transition temperature of compositions. Achievement of the highest category of flame resistance (V-0 in accordance with UL-94) is ensured both by increasing the content of phenyl residues in the composition and by the synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen. A brief study of the curing kinetics disclosed the complex nature of the reaction. An accurate two-step model is obtained using the extended Prout–Tompkins equation for both steps.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Application of Arylaminophosphazene as a Flame Retardant and Catalyst for the Polymerization of Benzoxazines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Bornosuz ◽  
Irina Yu. Gorbunova ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Kireev ◽  
Yulya V. Bilichenko ◽  
Larisa V. Chursova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Flammability Characteristics ◽  
And Shifts

A novel type of phosphazene containing additive that act both as catalyst and as flame retardant for benzoxazine binders is presented in this study. The synthesis of a derivative of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCP) and meta-toluidine was carried out in the medium of the latter, which made it possible to achieve complete substitution of chlorine atoms in the initial HCP. Thermal and flammability characteristics of modified compositions are revealed. The modifier catalyzes the process of curing and shifts the beginning of reaction from 222.0 C for pure benzoxazine to 205.9 C for composition with 10 phr of modifier. The additive decreases the glass transition temperature of compositions. Achievement of the highest category of flame resistance (V-0 in accordance with UL-94) is ensured both by increasing the content of phenyl residues in the composition and by the synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen. Brief research of the curing kinetics disclosed the complex nature of the reaction. An accurate two-step model is obtained using extended Prout-Tompkins equation for both steps.

A Novel Poly(Ionic Liquid) as the Thermal Insulating Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Wenxin Wei ◽  
Guifeng Ma ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
Low Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Poly Ionic Liquid

Objective: A new poly(ionic liquid)(PIL), poly(p-vinylbenzyltriphenylphosphine hexafluorophosphate) (P[VBTPP][PF6]), was synthesized by quaternization, anion exchange reaction, and free radical polymerization. Then a series of the PIL were synthesized at different conditions. Methods: The specific heat capacity, glass-transition temperature and melting temperature of the synthesized PILs were measured by differential scanning calorimeter. The thermal conductivities of the PILs were measured by the laser flash analysis method. Results: Results showed that, under optimized synthesis conditions, P[VBTPP][PF6] as the thermal insulator had a high glass-transition temperature of 210.1°C, high melting point of 421.6°C, and a low thermal conductivity of 0.0920 W m-1 K-1 at 40.0°C (it was 0.105 W m-1 K-1 even at 180.0°C). The foamed sample exhibited much low thermal conductivity λ=0.0340 W m-1 K-1 at room temperature, which was comparable to a commercial polyurethane thermal insulating material although the latter had a much lower density. Conclusion: In addition, mixing the P[VBTPP][PF6] sample into polypropylene could obviously increase the Oxygen Index, revealing its efficient flame resistance. Therefore, P[VBTPP][PF6] is a potential thermal insulating material.

scholarly journals Construction of a TTT-η Diagram of High-Refractive Polyurethane Based on Curing Kinetics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Shidi Huang ◽  
Guiming Zhang ◽  
Weiping Du ◽  
Huifang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Transformation

A time–temperature–transformation–viscosity (TTT-η) diagram can reflect changes in the physical states of a resin, which take on significance for the study of the curing process of polyurethane resin lenses. Coupling the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test, the curing kinetic parameters of 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (H6XDI)/2,3-bis((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-1-propanethiol (BES) polyurethane system were obtained. By phenomenological modeling, the relationships between degree, temperature, and time were obtained. An isothermal DSC test was carried out at 423 K. Based on the DiBenedetto equation, the relationships between glass transition temperature, degree of cure, and time were obtained, and the glass transition temperature was thus correlated with temperature and time. The gelation time at different temperatures was measured by rotary rheometry, and the relationship between gelation time and gelation temperature was established. The time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagram of H6XDI/BES system was constructed accordingly. Subsequently, a six-parameter double Arrhenius equation was used as the basis for the rheological study. The viscosity was examined during the curing process. The TTT-η diagram was obtained, which laid the theoretical foundation for the optimization and setting of processing parameters.

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