scholarly journals The Influence of Raster Angle and Moisture Content on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Parts Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Mohammed Algarni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

The additive manufacturing (AM) processes and technologies of 3D-printed materials and components using fused deposition modeling (FDM) are currently very popular and widely used for building parts and prototypes. Many manufacturing parameters can affect the strength and strain of the manufactured parts. The manufacturing parameters may be altered to reach an optimum setting for highly effective parts or components. This research studies the influence of the raster angle and the moisture content percentages on the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) material. The three raster angles tested in this research were 0°, 45°, and 90°. The moisture content of the PLA material was altered to verify its effect on the mechanical properties. Twenty-seven specimens were subjected to tensile tests to examine the effect of different manufacturing parameters. The results show the specimens with a 90° raster angle and 10% moisture content have the optimum strength and strain mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Optimization of Manufacturing Parameters and Tensile Specimen Geometry for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D-Printed PETG

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2556
Author(s):  
Arda Özen ◽  
Dietmar Auhl ◽  
Christina Völlmecke ◽  
Josef Kiendl ◽  
Bilen Emek Abali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Specimen ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing provides high design flexibility, but its use is restricted by limited mechanical properties compared to conventional production methods. As technology is still emerging, several approaches exist in the literature for quantifying and improving mechanical properties. In this study, we investigate characterizing materials’ response of additive manufactured structures, specifically by fused deposition modeling (FDM). A comparative analysis is achieved for four different tensile test specimens for polymers based on ASTM D3039 and ISO 527-2 standards. Comparison of specimen geometries is studied with the aid of computations based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Uniaxial tensile tests are carried out, after a careful examination of different slicing approaches for 3D printing. We emphasize the effects of the chosen slicer parameters on the position of failures in the specimens and propose a simple formalism for measuring effective mechanical properties of 3D-printed structures.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EXTRUSION PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D PRINTED PLA PRODUCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Nanang Ali Sutisna ◽  
Rakha Amrillah Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Digital Models

The method of producing items through synchronously depositing material level by level, based on 3D digital models, is named Additive Manufacturing (AM) or 3D-printing. Amongs many AM methods, the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique along with PLA (Polylactic acid) material is commonly used in additive manufacturing. Until now, the mechanical properties of the AM components could not be calculated or estimated until they've been assembled and checked. In this work, a novel approach is suggested as to how the extrusion process affects the mechanical properties of the printed component to obtain how the parts can be manufactured or printed to achieve improved mechanical properties. This methodology is based on an experimental procedure in which the combination of parameters to achieve an optimal from a manufacturing experiment and its value can be determined, the results obtained show the effect of the extrusion process affects the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals The Effects of Combined Infill Patterns on Mechanical Properties in FDM Process

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Lalegani Dezaki ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Aided Design

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is commonly used to print different products with highly complex features. Process parameters for FDM are divided into controllable or uncontrollable parameters. The most critical ones are built orientation, layer thickness, infill pattern, infill density, and nozzle diameter. This study investigates the effects of combined infill patterns in 3D printed products. Five patterns (solid, honeycomb, wiggle, grid, and rectilinear) were combined in samples to analyze their effects on mechanical properties for tensile strength analysis. Polylactic acid (PLA) samples were printed in different build orientations through two directions: flat and on-edge. The limitation was that the software and machine could not combine the infill patterns. Thus, the patterns were designed and assembled in computer aided design (CAD) software. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the patterns’ features and results showed honeycomb and grid have the highest strength while their weights were lighter compared to solid. Moreover, 0° samples in both flat and on-edge direction had the strongest layer adhesion and the best quality. In contrast, perpendicular samples like 60° and 75° showed poor adhesion and were the weakest specimens in both flat and on-edge, respectively. In brief, by increasing the build orientation, the strength decreases in this study.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozior ◽  
Trabelsi ◽  
Mamun ◽  
Sabantina ◽  
Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Rigid Objects ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

Electrospinning is a well-known technology used to create nanofiber mats from diverse polymers and other materials. Due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, such nanofiber mats are often applied as air or water filters. Especially the latter, however, have to be mechanically highly stable, which is challenging for common nanofiber mats. One of the approaches to overcome this problem is gluing them on top of more rigid objects, integrating them in composites, or reinforcing them using other technologies to avoid damage due to the water pressure. Here, we suggest another solution. While direct 3D printing with the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique on macroscopic textile fabrics has been under examination by several research groups for years, here we report on direct FDM printing on nanofiber mats for the first time. We show that by choosing the proper height of the printing nozzle above the nanofiber mat, printing is possible for raw polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats, as well as for stabilized and even more brittle carbonized material. Under these conditions, the adhesion between both parts of the composite is high enough to prevent the nanofiber mat from being peeled off the 3D printed polymer. Abrasion tests emphasize the significantly increased mechanical properties, while contact angle examinations reveal a hydrophilicity between the original values of the electrospun and the 3D printed materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Printing Parameters on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed PLA and PETG, Using Fused Deposition Modeling

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsien Hsueh ◽  
Chao-Jung Lai ◽  
Shi-Hao Wang ◽  
Yu-Shan Zeng ◽  
Chia-Hsin Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Deformation ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Parameters

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) can be used to manufacture any complex geometry and internal structures, and it has been widely applied in many industries, such as the biomedical, manufacturing, aerospace, automobile, industrial, and building industries. The purpose of this research is to characterize the polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) materials of FDM under four loading conditions (tension, compression, bending, and thermal deformation), in order to obtain data regarding different printing temperatures and speeds. The results indicated that PLA and PETG materials exhibit an obvious tensile and compression asymmetry. It was observed that the mechanical properties (tension, compression, and bending) of PLA and PETG are increased at higher printing temperatures, and that the effect of speed on PLA and PETG shows different results. In addition, the mechanical properties of PLA are greater than those of PETG, but the thermal deformation is the opposite. The above results will be a great help for researchers who are working with polymers and FDM technology to achieve sustainability.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of FDM Printed PLA Parts before and after Thermal Treatment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Ali Chalgham ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann ◽  
Inge Wickenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most often-used technologies in additive manufacturing. Several materials are used with this technology, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which is most commonly applied. The mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts depend on the process parameters. This is why, in this study, three-point bending tests were carried out to characterize the influence of build orientation, layer thickness, printing temperature and printing speed on the mechanical properties of PLA samples. Not only the process parameters may affect the mechanical properties, but heat after-treatment also has an influence on them. For this reason, additional samples were printed with optimal process parameters and characterized after pure heat treatment as well as after deformation at a temperature above the glass transition temperature, cooling with applied deformation, and subsequent recovery under heat treatment. These findings are planned to be used in a future study on finger orthoses that could either be printed according to shape or in a flat shape and afterwards heated and bent around the finger.

scholarly journals The Surface Characteristics, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PEEK Printed by Fused Deposition Modeling with Different Raster Angles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Sasa Gao ◽  
Ruijuan Liu ◽  
Hua Xin ◽  
Haitao Liang ◽  
Yunfei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Additive manufacturing provides a novel and robust way to prepare medical product with anatomic matched geometry and tailored mechanical performance. In this study, the surface characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) prepared polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) were systematically studied. During the FDM process, the crystal unit cell and thermal attribute of PEEK material remained unchanged, whereas the surface layer generally became more hydrophilic with an obvious reduction in surface hardness. Raster angle has a significant effect on the mechanical strength but not on the failure mechanism. In practice, FDM fabricated PEEK acted more like a laminate rather than a unified structure. Its main failure mechanism was correlated to the internal voids. The results show that horizontal infill orientation with 30° raster angle is promising for a better comprehensive mechanical performance, and the corresponding tensile, flexural, and shear strengths are (76.5 ± 1.4) MPa, (149.7 ± 3.0) MPa, and (55.5 ± 1.8) MPa, respectively. The findings of this study provide guidelines for FDM-PEEK to enable its realization in applications such as orthopedic implants.

scholarly journals Prediction of tensile strength of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed PLA using classic laminate theory

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit ◽  
Harshit K. Dave ◽  
Kamlakar P. Rajurkar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Laminate Theory ◽  
Deposition Modeling

The application of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is restricted due to limited information about the mechanical properties of printed parts. Therefore, it is required to determine the mechanical properties of the FDM properties to avail the full benefit of the FDM process. In the present study, Classic Laminate Theory (CLT) has been employed at the different configurations of layer thickness and raster width. The required elastic constant of material for CLT has been experimentally obtained through FDM printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) unidirectional specimens at 0°, 45° and 90° for different combinations of layer height and raster width. For these different combinations of layer height and raster width, constitutive models were developed to predict the tensile properties of the PLA parts. Tensile strength of the FDM printed bi-directional specimens has been experimentally obtained to validate the proposed CLT model results. The experimental tensile strength data is in good agreement with the data predicted by the proposed CLT model. Higher tensile strength and modulus were achieved with 0° raster angle compared to 90° raster angle. In the case of a bi-directional printed specimen, higher tensile strength was obtained with 45°/-45° raster angle followed by 30°/-60° and 0°/90° raster angle.

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