scholarly journals The Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes on the Fire Retardancy Properties of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3050
Author(s):  
David Marset ◽  
Celia Dolza ◽  
Eduardo Fages ◽  
Eloi Gonga ◽  
Oscar Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Heat Released

The main objective of the work reported here was the analysis and evaluation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as natural flame retardancy filler in partially biobased polyamide 610 (PA610), with 63% of carbon from natural sources. HNTs are naturally occurring clays with a nanotube-like shape. PA610 compounds containing 10%, 20%, and 30% HNT were obtained in a twin-screw co-rotating extruder. The resulting blends were injection molded to create standard samples for fire testing. The incorporation of the HNTs in the PA610 matrix leads to a reduction both in the optical density and a significant reduction in the number of toxic gases emitted during combustion. This improvement in fire properties is relevant in applications where fire safety is required. With regard to calorimetric cone results, the incorporation of 30% HNTs achieved a significant reduction in terms of the peak values obtained of the heat released rate (HRR), changing from 743 kW/m2 to about 580 kW/m2 and directly modifying the shape of the characteristic curve. This improvement in the heat released has produced a delay in the mass transfer of the volatile decomposition products, which are entrapped inside the HNTs’ lumen, making it difficult for the sample to burn. However, in relation to the ignition time of the samples (TTI), the incorporation of HNTs reduces the ignition start time about 20 s. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain polymer formulations with a high renewable content such as PA610, and a natural occurring inorganic filler in the form of a nanotube, i.e., HNTs, with good flame retardancy properties in terms of toxicity, optical density and UL94 test.

scholarly journals Injection-Molded Parts of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610 and Biobased Halloysite Nanotubes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marset ◽  
Celia Dolza ◽  
Teodomiro Boronat ◽  
Nestor Montanes ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Noticeable Improvement ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Biobased Content

This works focuses on the development of environmentally friendly composites with a partially biobased polyamide 610 (PA610), containing 63% biobased content, and a natural inorganic filler at the nanoscale, namely, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). PA610 composites containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% HNTs were obtained by melt extrusion in a twin screw co-rotating extruder. The resulting composites were injection-molded for further characterization. The obtained materials were characterized to obtain reliable data about their mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The effect of the HNTs wt% on these properties was evaluated. From a mechanical standpoint, the addition of 30 wt% HNTs gave an increase in tensile modulus of twice the initial value, thus verifying how this type of natural load provides increased stiffness on injection molded parts. The materials prepared with HNTs slightly improved the thermal stability, while a noticeable improvement on thermomechanical resistance over a wide temperature range was observed with increasing HNTs content. The obtained results indicate that high biobased content composites can be obtained with an engineering thermoplastic, i.e., PA610, and a natural inorganic nanotube-shaped filler, i.e., HNTs, with balanced mechanical properties and attractive behavior against high temperature.

Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Jiang ◽  
Kai Liao ◽  
Juan-Juan Han ◽  
De-Xian Feng ◽  
Han-Xiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw

Polypropylene (PP)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) composite was melt-mixed using a twin-screw extruder. Two types of MDH were used, one with the modification of silane and another without. The rheological behavior was measured by capillary and dynamical rheometer. Microstructure of these composites was observed by SEM. Their flame retardancy was characterized by oxygen index and Horizontal/Vertical burning test. Results showed that shear viscosity and complex viscosity of PP with modified MDH were lower than that of PP with non-modified MDH. SEM results also showed a better dispersion of silane modified MDH in PP matrix. With the increase of MDH content, the oxygen index of composites was increased. When the content was increased to 60 wt%, the composite was UL94 HB and V-1.

scholarly journals The study of the possibility of using domestic burnt magnesia in oil and petrol resistant rubber

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Nikolay F. Ushmarin ◽  
◽  
Evgeny N. Egorov ◽  
Nikolay I. Kol'tsov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Resistant Rubber ◽  
Kinetics Of

The article examines the oil-and-petrol resistant rubber mixture of type 7NO-68-1SK based on the combination of BNKS-18AMN grade butadiene-caoutchouc with polychloroprene caoutchouc of brand neoprene W. The effect of replacing imported burnt magnesia brand Remag AC on domestic burnt magnesia technical grade B on the properties of the rubber compound and vulcanizate was studied. The rubber mixture was prepared on a laboratory roll mill LB 320 160/160, and then its standard samples were vulcanized at 150 °C for 30 minutes in a two-story electrically heated press of the VP 400-2E brand. To establish the plasto-elastic properties of rubber mixture on the Mooney viscometer, MV 3000 was determined: the start time of the vulcanization, the time to reach the vulcanization mode, the initial maximum viscosity. To assess the kinetics of vulcanization of the rubber mixture on the rheometer MDR 3000 was determined: the start time of vulcanization, the time to reach the optimum vulcanization, the maximum torque. To assess the physicomechanical properties of rubber, the following were determined: conditional tensile strength; elongation at break; hardness; tear resistance and relative residual deformation under compression in accordance with the standards in force in the rubber industry. To assess the performance properties of rubber, changes in its mass were determined after aging in a mixture of isooctane + toluene, as well as standard liquid SJR–1. It has been shown that the introduction of burnt magnesia technical grade B into the rubber mixture does not lead to technological complications, magnesia is well distributed in the rubber matrix, and the magnesia agglomerates were not found on the rubber mixture sections. Replacement magnesium oxide m. Remag AC on burnt magnesia technical grade B has an impact on the plasto-elastic and rheometric properties of the rubber mixture. However of physicomechanical and operational properties vulcanizates of rubber mixture containing magnesium oxide m. Remag AC and burnt magnesiatechnical grade B, have almost the same values.

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of ABS/PC-HNT Nano Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6000-6003
Author(s):  
Y. Narendra Babu ◽  
M. Venkateswara Rao ◽  
A. Gopala Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The objective of this paper is to experimentally study tensile strength, Impact strength, Flexural strength and Wear Characteristics of the Nano tubular material Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) into ABS/PC blend with ABS and PC compositions in the ratio 40/60. We have fabricated the Thermoplastic Nanocomposites specimens as per ASTM standards, with the Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polycarbonate (PC) blend as matrix material and with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% HNT reinforcement material using Co–Rotating Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruder by Melt Compounding. Mechanical Tests were conducted and results were compared with the original ABS/PC blend. Effects of Halloysite Nanotubes reinforcement percentage were discussed in detail. The obtained results suggested that ABS/PC (40/60) blend with 4% reinforcement of Halloysite Nanotubes executed better mechanical properties. SEM is used to study the failure mechanism of the proposed Nano composite.

Enhanced thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of polyamide 6/flame retardant composites with hexagonal boron nitride

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Luchong Zhang ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Yuhua Zhong ◽  
Dietmar Drummer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Twin Screw

Abstract High performance composite of polyamide 6 (PA6)/flame retardant (FR)/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was prepared via twin screw extrusion, followed by injection molding. The heat dissipation of the composite was significantly improved by incorporating 40 vol% of hBN, and the corresponding thermal conductivity was up to 5.701 W/(m·K), nearly 17 times that of the PA6/FR composites. In addition, the combination effect of hBN and FR to the flame retardancy of the composites was observed, and the addition of hBN could dramatically enhance the flame retardancy of composites, achieving a UL94 V-0 rating with a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 37%. This multifunctional modification would broaden the application field of PA6 composites in light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, electronic products, and so on.

Effects of Halloysite Nanotubes on Mechanical and Thermal Stability of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/Polycarbonate Nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Nurul Ain Jamaludin ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
Norhayani Othman ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loading on mechanical and thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate (PET/PC) nanocomposites. Nanocomposites containing 70PET/30PC and 2-8 phr HNTs were prepared by twin screw extruder followed by injection moulding. As the percentage of HNTs increased, the flexural modulus increased. However, the flexural strength decreased with increasing HNTs content. The impact strength also decreased when HNTs increased. Thermogravimetry analysis of PET/PC/HNTs nanocomposites showed higher thermal stability at high HNTs content. However, on further addition of HNTs up to 8 phr, thermal stability of the nanocomposites decreased due to the poor dispersion of HNTs.

Experimental and analytical investigations into the effects of inorganic filler on the polypropylene nanocomposite microhardness

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1484-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Payandehpeyman ◽  
GH Majzoobi ◽  
R Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Yield Stress ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Twin Screw

In the present study, polypropylene/nanoclay (PP/NC) and polypropylene/nano-calcium carbonate (PP/CC) nanocomposites with different weight percentages of filler were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The effects of nanoparticles content on the nanocomposite were studied using the hardness measured under the applied loads in the range of 10–100 gf. It was observed that the microhardness increases with an increase in the nanofiller weight percentage. The hardness reaches its maximum for 1 wt% and 3 wt% for PP/NC and PP/CC, respectively. The results of the present study are evaluated by analytical methods proposed by Marsh and Tabor. For this purpose, mechanical properties of PP nanocomposites were obtained by uniaxial tensile and compression tests. The results were incorporated in Tabor and Marsh formula. According to the analytical methods, the results obtained from compression test were more accurate than those obtained from tensile test. In addition, variation of H/ Y ratio ( H and Y are microhardness and yield stress, respectively) versus the filler content under different applied loads was obtained. Finally, the Marsh model is modified in this work. The modified model proves more accurate in prediction of microhardness and H/ Y ratio of PP nanocomposite at different applied loadings. The new proposed model correlates the yield stress, elastic modulus, and the applied load to microhardness.

Effect on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of PA6 Nanocomposites with Addition of OMMT and PFR

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Dong Mei Bao ◽  
Ji Ping Liu ◽  
Xiang Yang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nanocomposite System ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Twin Screw

The organically modified montmorrillonite (OMMT)/phosphorus polymeic flame retardant (PFR)/polyamide 6(PA6) nanocomposites were prepared via melt intercalation on a twin-screw extruder. The structure formed in nanocomposite system was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Properties such as flame retardancy, notched impact strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and flexural modulus were studied by limited oxygen index (LOI) approach, UL94, and mechanical property test. The results of the studies indicated that flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PA6 nanocomposites were all reinforced due to addition of OMMT and PFR.

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