scholarly journals Influence of Fluorine Substitution on the Optical, Thermal, Electrochemical and Structural Properties of Carbazole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternate Copolymers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ary R. Murad ◽  
Ahmed Iraqi ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Hunan Hi ◽  
Sozan N. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Optical Band Gaps ◽  
Fluorinated Copolymers ◽  
The Impact

In this work four novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PCDTBTDI-DMO, PCDTBTDI-8, P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8, were designed and synthesised via Suzuki polymerisation. The first two copolymers consist of 2,7-carbazole flanked by thienyl moieties as the electron donor unit and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron acceptor units. In the structures of P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8 copolymers, two fluorine atoms were incorporated at 3,6-positions of 2,7-carbazole to investigate the impact of fluorine upon the optoelectronic, structural and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. P2F-CDTBTDI-8 possesses the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 24,200 g mol−1) among all the polymers synthesised. PCDTBTDI-DMO and PCDTBTDI-8 show identical optical band gaps of 1.76 eV. However, the optical band gaps of fluorinated copolymers are slightly higher than non-fluorinated counterparts. All polymers have deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels. Changing the alkyl chain substituents on BTDI moieties from linear n-octyl to branched 3,7-dimethyloctyl groups as well as substituting the two hydrogen atoms at 3,6-positions of carbazole unit by fluorine atoms has negligible impact on the HOMO levels of the polymers. Similarly, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are almost comparable for all polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown that all polymers have good thermal stability and also confirmed that the fluorinated copolymers have higher thermal stability relative to those non-fluorinated analogues. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies proved that all polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Amorphous Conjugated Copolymers Based on Dithienosilole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide with Tuned Optical Band Gaps and High Thermal Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4866
Author(s):  
Ary R. Murad ◽  
Elham M. A. Dannoun ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Ahmed Iraqi ◽  
Sozan N. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optical Band Gaps ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital

Two alternating copolymers of dithienosilole (DTS) were designed and synthesized with small optical band gaps, flanked by thienyl units as electron-donor moieties and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-acceptor moieties. The BTDI moieties were anchored to two different solubilizing side chains, namely 3,7-dimethyloctyl and n-octyl chains. An analysis of the effect of the electrochemical, optical, thermal, and structural characteristics of the resulting polymers along with their solubility and molecular weight is the subject of this paper. The Stille polymerization was used to synthesize PDTSDTBTDI-DMO and PDTSDTBTDI-8. The average molecular weight of PDTSDTBTDI-DMO and PDTSDTBTDI-8 is 14,600 and 5700 g mol−1, respectively. Both polymers have shown equivalent optical band gaps around 1.4 eV. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of the polymers were comparable, around −5.2 eV. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) values were −3.56 and −3.45 eV for PDTSDTBTDI-DMO and PDTSDTBTDI-8, respectively. At decomposition temperatures above 350 °C, both copolymers showed strong thermal stability. The studies of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) have shown that they are amorphous in a solid-state.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Alternating Copolymers Based on Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide with Reduced Optical Band Gap: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ary R. Murad ◽  
Ahmed Iraqi ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Sozan N. Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Alternating Copolymers ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Direct Arylation Polymerization ◽  
The Impact

A series of alternating copolymers containing cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) flanked by thienyl moieties as electron-donor units and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-acceptor units were designed and synthesized for solar cell applications. Different solubilizing side chains, including 2-ethylhexyl chains and n-octyl chains were attached to CPDT units, whereas 3,7-dimethyloctyl chains and n-octyl chains were anchored to the BTDI moieties. The impact of these substituents on the solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, and thermal and structural properties of the resulting polymers was investigated. PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO was synthesized via Suzuki polymerization, whereas PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO, and PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, 8 were prepared through direct arylation polymerization. PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO has the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 17,400 g mol−1) among all polymers prepared. The PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO and PCPDTDTBTDI-8, 8 which have n-octyl substituents on their CPDT units have comparable optical band gaps (Eg ~ 1.3 eV), which are around 0.1 eV lower than PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO analogues that have 2-ethylhexyl substituents on their CPDT units. The polymers have their HOMO levels between −5.10 and −5.22 eV with PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO having the deepest highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of the polymers are between −3.4 and −3.5 eV. All polymers exhibit good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures surpassing 350 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that all polymers have the amorphous nature in solid state.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorene-Based Polymers Having Azine Unit for Blue Light Emission

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Zhong Min Geng ◽  
Masashi Kijima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Orbital Energy ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital

Two types of donor-acceptor copolymers were designed and synthesized by combination of an electron donor unit of fluorene sequences and an electron acceptor azine unit such as 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 1,3,5-triazine. They were well soluble in common organic solvents with the number average molecular weight (Mn) of 7.0 and 14.5 kg mol-1, respectively, and have good thermal stability showing about at 360 °C with 5 wt% loss in TGA. Two copolymers exhibited intense blue photoluminescence with emission peak maxima at 437 and 421 nm in CHCl3, and 451 and 422 nm in the film state, respectively. These polymers exhibited good fluorescence quantum efficiencies in CHCl3 (φfl = 0.63, 0.97). Energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels estimated by cyclic voltammetry were to be –5.83, –6.0 eV and –2.85, –2.88 eV, respectively.

scholarly journals Stable P3HT: amorphous non-fullerene solar cells with a high open-circuit voltage of 1 V and efficiency of 4%

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 20733-20741 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyunKyung Lee ◽  
Sora Oh ◽  
Chang Eun Song ◽  
Hang Ken Lee ◽  
Sang Kyu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Good Thermal Stability

A 3D-shaped SF-HR was designed and synthesized for use in non-fullerene organic solar cells. Owing to the aligned energy levels, the P3HT:SF-HR system exhibited a high efficiency of 4.01% with good thermal stability and photostability.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-2-yl)(Phenyl)methanone Dyes: Photophysical, Aie Activity, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepali Kanekar ◽  
Sudhakar Dhanawade ◽  
Anand Jadhav ◽  
Mohmmed Ghadiyali ◽  
Sajeev Chacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Td Dft ◽  
Solid Film ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Homo And Lumo ◽  
Photophysical Studies ◽  
Homo And Lumo Energy

Abstract Herein, we have synthesized four indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-2-yl)(phenyl)methanone derivatives 1−4 by cyclocondensation. The photophysical studies of dyes in various solvents and neat solid film exhibit typical electronic spectra with inbuilt intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) (λmax: 397‒490 nm) confirming donor-acceptor architecture. Herein, dyes fluoresce in the blue-orange region (λEmax: 435–614) on excitation at their ICT maxima in toluene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, DMSO, and neat solid film. 1 and 2 which exhibit good emission intensity in all mediums, were studied for aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. Electrochemical studies indicate 1−4 possess relatively low lying LUMO (‒3.65 to ‒3.98 eV) comparable to reported n-type/electron-transporting materials. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels in 1−4 were evaluated by DFT and TD-DFT calculations. TGA analysis shows 1−4 exhibit good thermal stability. The characteristic optoelectronic properties and thermal stability signify these dyes are potential candidate for their application in optoelectronics.

scholarly journals Effect of polyaniline content and protonating dopants on electroconductive composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bednarczyk ◽  
Wiktor Matysiak ◽  
Tomasz Tański ◽  
Henryk Janeczek ◽  
Ewa Schab-Balcerzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractElastic constructive elements prepared by electrospinning using polyacrylonitrile/polyaniline (PAN/PANI) electroconductive composites were prepared and investigated in terms of their thermal and mechanical properties. This study was focused on the impact of the type of counterion of polyaniline and the PANI content in composites on the thermal, conductive and morphological properties of electrospun fibers. In this study, composites obtained from PANI doped with sulfuric acid showed the highest conductivity, and composites obtained from PANI doped with hydrochloric acid showed the highest thermal stability. All obtained composites exhibited good thermal stability, with T5 values in the range of 230–268 °C that increased with increasing PANI content. The prepared composites exhibited comparable PAN Tg values, which indicates their suitability for processing. Instrumental analysis of polymers and composites was carried out using UV–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Nitramine Derivatives of NTO - A DFT Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemi Türker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Dft Study ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Derivatives Of

NTO is a nitrotriazole type explosive having good thermal stability and low chemical sensitivity. It is relatively insensitive to impact and shock. In the present study, nitramine derivatives of NTO are considered within the constraints of density functional theory at the level of B3LYP/6-31+G(d). The stabilities, some geometrical, physicochemical, and some molecular orbital characteristics etc., of the structures are considered. The calculated IR and UV-VIS spectra are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Synthesized Fluorene/Dibenzosilole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternating Organic Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ary R. Murad ◽  
A. Iraqi ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Sozan N. Abdullah ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Amorphous Nature ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
The Impact

In this work, four donor–acceptor copolymers, PFDTBTDI-DMO, PFDTBTDI-8, PDBSDTBTDI-DMO, and PDBSDTBTDI-8, based on alternating 2,7-fluorene or 2,7-dibenzosilole flanked by thienyl units, as electron-donor moieties and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-accepting units, have been designed and synthesized for photovoltaic applications. All polymers were synthesized in good yields via Suzuki polymerization. The impact of attaching two different alkyl chains (3,7-dimethyloctyl vs. n-octyl) to the BTDI units upon the solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, and thermal and structural properties of the resulting polymers was investigated. PFDTBTDI-8 has the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 24,900 g·mol−1) among all polymers prepared. Dibenzosilole-based polymers have slightly lower optical band gaps relative to their fluorene-based analogues. All polymers displayed deep-lying HOMO levels. Their HOMO energy levels are unaffected by the nature of either the alkyl substituents or the donor moieties. Similarly, the LUMO levels are almost identical for all polymers. All polymers exhibit excellent thermal stability with Td exceeding 350 °C. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that all polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of UV-Curable Cyclohexanone-Formaldehyde Resin and Its Cured Film Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Hongqiang Li ◽  
Xuejun Lai ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yifu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Distribution Index

UV-curable cyclohexanone-formaldehyde (UVCF) resin was prepared with cyclohexanone-formaldehyde (CF) resin, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) as base substance, bridging agent, and functional monomer, respectively. The structure of UVCF was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The viscosity and photopolymerization behavior of the UV-curable formulations were studied. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the cured films were also investigated. The results showed that UVCF resin was successfully prepared, the number of average molecular weight was about 2010, and its molecular weight distribution index was 2.8. With the increase of UVCF resin content, the viscosity of the UV-curable formulations increased. After exposure to UV irradiation for 230 s, the photopolymerization conversion of the UV-curable formulations was above 80%. Moreover, when the UVCF content was 60%, the formulations had high photopolymerization rate, and the cured UVCF films showed good thermal stability and mechanical properties.

Investigating the impact of conjugation pathway on the physical and electronic properties of benzobisoxazole-containing polymers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (48) ◽  
pp. 12839-12847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Intemann ◽  
Emily S. Hellerich ◽  
Monique D. Ewan ◽  
Brian C. Tlach ◽  
Erin D. Speetzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Optical Band Gaps ◽  
Polymer Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
The Impact

Benzobisoxazole polymers possessing a conjugation pathway directly through the central benzene ring possess reduced optical band gaps and more efficient electroluminescence in polymer light-emitting diodes.

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