scholarly journals Silanization of Chitosan and Hydrogel Preparation for Skeletal Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2823
Author(s):  
Gildas Réthoré ◽  
Cécile Boyer ◽  
Kouakou Kouadio ◽  
Amadou Toure ◽  
Julie Lesoeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Injection Force ◽  
2D And 3D

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that relies on the development of customized biomaterial to support cell growth, differentiation and matrix production. Toward that goal, we designed the grafting of silane groups onto the chitosan backbone (Si-chito) for the preparation of in situ setting hydrogels in association with silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC). Once functionalized, the chitosan was characterized, and the presence of silane groups and its ability to gel were demonstrated by rheology that strongly suggests the presence of silane groups. Throughout physicochemical investigations, the Si-HPMC hydrogels containing Si-chito were found to be stiffer with an injection force unmodified. The presence of chitosan within the hydrogel has demonstrated a higher adhesion of the hydrogel onto the surface of tissues. The results of cell viability assays indicated that there was no cytotoxicity of Si-chito hydrogels in 2D and 3D culture of human SW1353 cells and human adipose stromal cells, respectively. Moreover, Si-chito allows the transplantation of human nasal chondrocytes in the subcutis of nude mice while maintaining their viability and extracellular matrix secretory activity. To conclude, Si-chito mixed with Si-HPMC is an injectable, self-setting and cytocompatible hydrogel able to support the in vitro and in vivo viability and activity of hASC.

Decellularized bone extracellular matrix in skeletal tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Large Bone

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.

scholarly journals The Dysregulated Galectin Network Activates NF-κB to Induce Disease Markers and Matrix Degeneration in 3D Pellet Cultures of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Pichler ◽  
D. Weinmann ◽  
S. Schmidt ◽  
B. Kubista ◽  
R. Lass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Pellet Size ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractThis work aimed to study the dysregulated network of galectins in OA chondrocyte pellets, and to assess whether their recently discovered activity as molecular switches of functional biomarkers results in degradation of extracellular matrix in vitro. Scaffold-free 3D pellet cultures were established of human OA chondrocytes. Expression and secretion of galectin(Gal)-1, -3, and -8 were monitored relative to 2D cultures or clinical tissue sections by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISAs. Exposure of 2D and 3D cultures to an in vivo-like galectin mixture (Gal-1 and Gal-8: 5 µg/ml, Gal-3: 1 µg/ml) was followed by the assessment of pellet size, immunohistochemical matrix staining, and/or quantification of MMP-1, -3, and -13. Application of inhibitors of NF-κB activation probed into the potential of intervening with galectin-induced matrix degradation. Galectin profiling revealed maintained dysregulation of Gal-1, -3, and -8 in pellet cultures, resembling the OA situation in situ. The presence of the galectin mixture promoted marked reduction of pellet size and loss of collagen type II-rich extracellular matrix, accompanied by the upregulation of MMP-1, -3, and -13. Inhibition of p65-phosphorylation by caffeic acid phenethyl ester effectively alleviated the detrimental effects of galectins, resulting in downregulated MMP secretion, reduced matrix breakdown and augmented pellet size. This study suggests that the dysregulated galectin network in OA cartilage leads to extracellular matrix breakdown, and provides encouraging evidence of the feasible inhibition of galectin-triggered activities. OA chondrocyte pellets have the potential to serve as in vitro disease model for further studies on galectins in OA onset and progression.

scholarly journals 3D Hepatic Organoid-Based Advancements in LIVER Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Amit Panwar ◽  
Prativa Das ◽  
Lay Poh Tan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Liver Tissue Engineering

Liver-associated diseases and tissue engineering approaches based on in vitro culture of functional Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) had been restricted by the rapid de-differentiation in 2D culture conditions which restricted their usability. It was proven that cells growing in 3D format can better mimic the in vivo microenvironment, and thus help in maintaining metabolic activity, phenotypic properties, and longevity of the in vitro cultures. Again, the culture method and type of cell population are also recognized as important parameters for functional maintenance of primary hepatocytes. Hepatic organoids formed by self-assembly of hepatic cells are microtissues, and were able to show long-term in vitro maintenance of hepato-specific characteristics. Thus, hepatic organoids were recognized as an effective tool for screening potential cures and modeling liver diseases effectively. The current review summarizes the importance of 3D hepatic organoid culture over other conventional 2D and 3D culture models and its applicability in Liver tissue engineering.

scholarly journals OPHTHALMIC IN-SITU SUSTAINED GEL OF CIPROFLOXACIN, PREPARATION AND EVALUATION STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadia Yassir Al-bazzaz ◽  
Myasar Al-kotaji
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Viscosity Modifier ◽  
Vitro Release

Objective: This work aims to formulate and evaluate an ophthalmic in-situ gel of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) using poloxamer 407 (P407) as a gelling agent and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a viscosity modifier. The objective of this work was to prolong the contact time as the in-situ gel will be converted into a gel upon contact with the cul-de-sac. Methods: Ciprofloxacin HCl ophthalmic in-situ gel was prepared by utilizing (P407) as a temperature-dependent polymer while hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a viscosity modifier. The system was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, drug content, sterility, irritancy and stability. In addition, gelation temperature and a viscosity at different shear rates and different temperatures were studied. The compatibility of the polymer with ciprofloxacin was studied by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro release of the drug was also evaluated and supported by a preliminary in vivo test.Results: The results showed that the prepared formulas were clear, with acceptable pH and the drug contents were within the acceptable limits. FTIR results detected no incompatibility between poloxamer 407 and ciprofloxacin HCl. Notably, the viscosity of the system showed a pseudoplastic behaviour where a reduction in viscosity upon increasing the shear rate was observed. The in vitro release study confirmed the prolongation of the release of the optimized formula (F6) up to 8 h. Upon application of F6 into eyes of rabbits there was no irritancy. In addition, in vivo elimination study showed a prolonged contact for the in-situ gel in comparison with the rapid clearance of eye drop. Stability study indicated the stability of the optimized formula (F6). Conclusion: The prepared optimized formula (F6) represents a successful, safe, stable and prolonged release in-situ gel formula of ciprofloxacin.

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds of Bioceramics and New Bone Growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1161-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Mo Tian ◽  
Li Min Dong ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Zhi Ping Guo ◽  
Chao Zong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir

The paper describes β-TCP/DCHA and mineral phase structural bioceramics(CHA) as well as their 3-D structures, bioactivity, degradability and introducing new bone growth. FT-IR, XRD, SEM and Micro-CT were used to evaluate β-TCP/DCHA and mineral phase structural ceramics before and after implantation. Osteoblasts were immersed in the bioceramics and implanted in the rabbit femora. The experimental results showed that new bone grown in β-TCP/DCHA, and scaffolds were degraded with new bone formation and growth. The results indicated that β-TCP/DCHA was a better tissue engineering material. A kind of biomaterial (β-TCP/CHA) can be used for in situ formation or in vitro individuation formation. The experimental results indicated that β-TCP/CHA possessed better osteoblast affinity. Osteoblasts can adhere, proliferate and grow better on the material. The experiments in vivo showed the materials bonded with osseous tissue. The implants were degraded obviously after 6 months, and new bone replaced degradation materials.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

In vitro- / in vivo- Untersuchungen zur Biokompatibilität und Bioresorption amorpher Kieselgelfaser für das Tissue engineering humaner Knorpelgewebe

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Haisch ◽  
A Evers ◽  
K Jöhrens-Leder ◽  
S Jovanovic ◽  
B Sedlmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering

Preparation and Evaluation of Gemifloxacin Mesylate Floating Matrix Tablets in Healthy Human Volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3623-3630
Author(s):  
Bhikshapathi D. V. R. N. ◽  
Haarika B ◽  
Jyothi Sri S ◽  
K Abbulu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Floating Tablets

The purpose of present investigation was to develop floating matrix tablets of gemifloxacin mesylate, which after oral administration could prolong the gastric residence time, increase the drug bioavailability and diminish the side effects of irritating drugs. Tablets containing drug, various viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose such as HPMC K4M and HPMC K15M as matrix forming agent, Sodium bicarbonate as gas-forming agent and different additives were tested for their usefulness in formulating gastric floating tablets by direct compression method. The physical parameters, in vitro buoyancy, release characteristics and in vivo radiographic study were investigated in this study. The gemifloxacin mesylate floating tablets were prepared using HPMC K4M polymer giving more sustained drug release than the tablet containing HPMC K15M. All these formulations showed floating lag time of 30 to 47 sec and total floating time more than 12 h. The drug release was decreased when polymer concentration increases and gas generating agent decreases. Formulation that contains maximum concen-tration of both HPMC K15M and sodium bicarbonate (F9) showing sufficiently sustained with 99.2% of drug release at 12 h. The drug release from optimized formulation follows Higuchi model that indicates the diffusion controlled release. The best formulation (F9) was selected based on in vitro characteristics and used in vivo radiographic studies by incorporating barium sulphate as a radio-opaque agent and the tablet remained in the stomach for about 6 h.   

Evaluation of Structure-Controlled Silk Fibroin Coatings for Orthopedic Infection and In-Situ Osteogenesis: In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao Zhou ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Jianglong Yan ◽  
QiYao Li ◽  
Panpan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Orthopedic Infection
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