scholarly journals Cellular Polyolefin Composites as Piezoelectric Materials: Properties and Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2698
Author(s):  
Ewa Klimiec ◽  
Halina Kaczmarek ◽  
Bogusław Królikowski ◽  
Grzegorz Kołaszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Constant Electric Field ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Piezoelectric Polymers ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Mineral Fillers

Piezoelectric polymers characterized by flexibility are sought for applications in microelectronics, medicine, telecommunications, and everyday devices. The objective of this work was to obtain piezoelectric polymeric composites with a cellular structure and to evaluate their usefulness in practice. Composites based on polyolefins (isotactic-polypropylene and polyethylene) with the addition of aluminosilicate fillers were manufactured by extrusion, and then polarized in a constant electric field at 100 V/µm. The content of mineral fillers up to 10 wt% in the polymer matrix enhances its electric stability and mechanical strength. The value of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 attained ~150 pC/N in the range of lower stresses and ~80 pC/N in the range of higher stresses, i.e., at ~120 kPa. The materials exhibited high durability in time, therefore, they can be used as transducers of mechanical energy of the human motion into electric energy. It was demonstrated that one shoe insert generates an energy of 1.1 mJ after a person walks for 300 s. The miniaturized integrated circuits based on polyolefin composites may be applied for the power supply of portable electronics. Due to their high sensitivity, they can be recommended for measuring the blood pulse.

Piezoelectric Enhancement of Electrospun AlN-doped P(VDF-TrFE) Nanofiber Membrane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANG YANG ◽  
F Xu ◽  
Hanxiao Jiang ◽  
Conghuan Wang ◽  
Xingjia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Nanofiber Membrane ◽  
Piezoelectric Polymers ◽  
Self Powered

Piezoelectric materials are well known for their applications in self-powered sensing and mechanical energy harvesting. With the development of Internet of Things and wearable electronics, piezoelectric polymers are attracting more...

scholarly journals Classification, preparation process and its equipment and applications of piezoelectric ceramic

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanlu Zhao ◽  
Juntao Zhao ◽  
Xiangfeng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Ceramic

The so-called piezoelectric ceramic is a piezoelectric polycrystal, a functional ceramic material capable of inter-converting mechanical energy and electric energy. It belongs to inorganic nonmetallic materials. So far, the most widely used piezoelectric ceramic materials have both good piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity through the substitution and doping in a wide range to adjust its properties to meet the different needs of zirconium titanium lead (PZT) and its composite materials. Piezoelectric ceramic is also one of the prevailing piezoelectric materials, accounting for about 1/3 of the entire functional ceramic materials. It is mainly used for transducers, sensors, resonators and drives.

Experimental Study on Damping Characteristics of Piezoceramic Materials Shunted by Passive Electrical Circuits

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Ze Yan ◽  
Fu Xing Zhang ◽  
Yang Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up

Piezoelectric materials have an ability to efficiently transform mechanical energy to electric energy and vice versa, which makes them useful as structural dampers. The objective of this work is to investigate the damping capabilities of a piezoceramic shunted by different types of passive electrical circuits. The material properties of the shunted piezoceramic are modeled and the analytical results show that the shunted piezoceramic exhibits different damping potentials depending on the piezoelectric properties of the material and the shunt circuits. An experimental set-up of a cantilever beam with surface bonded piezoceramics is proposed to investigate the damping characteristics of the shunted piezoceramic. An analytical model is developed to describe the influence of the shunted piezoceramic on the dynamic response of the beam. The damping performances of the piezoceramic shunted by different circuits are compared respectively and the experimental results show approximate agreement with the numerical simulations of the model.

scholarly journals Models for 31-Mode PVDF Energy Harvester for Wearable Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
Zheng You
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Better Than

Currently, wearable electronics are increasingly widely used, leading to an increasing need of portable power supply. As a clean and renewable power source, piezoelectric energy harvester can transfer mechanical energy into electric energy directly, and the energy harvester based on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) operating in 31-mode is appropriate to harvest energy from human motion. This paper established a series of theoretical models to predict the performance of 31-mode PVDF energy harvester. Among them, the energy storage one can predict the collected energy accurately during the operation of the harvester. Based on theoretical study and experiments investigation, two approaches to improve the energy harvesting performance have been found. Furthermore, experiment results demonstrate the high accuracies of the models, which are better than 95%.

scholarly journals Flexible Metal/Polymer Composite Films Embedded with Silver Nanowires as a Stretchable and Conductive Strain Sensor for Human Motion Monitoring

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Luan ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Xu Zheng ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Ning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Applied Strain ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Flexible Metal ◽  
Metal Polymer

To avoid conductive failure due to the cracks of the metal thin film under external loads for the wearable strain sensor, a stretchable metal/polymer composite film embedded with silver nanowires (AgNWs) was examined as a potential candidate. The combination of Ag film and AgNWs enabled the fabrication of a conductive film that was applied as a high sensitivity strain sensor, with gauge factors of 7.1 under the applied strain of 0–10% and 21.1 under the applied strain of 10–30%. Furthermore, the strain sensor was demonstrated to be highly reversible and remained stable after 1000 bending cycles. These results indicated that the AgNWs could act as elastic conductive bridges across cracks in the metal film to maintain high conductivity under tensile and bending loads. As such, the strain sensor engineered herein was successfully applied in the real-time detection and monitoring of large motions of joints and subtle motions of the mouth.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic constraints on the energy efficiency of droplet electricity generators

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Riaud ◽  
Cui Wang ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Wanghuai Xu ◽  
Zuankai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Viscous Dissipation ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viscous Shear ◽  
Impingement Velocity

AbstractElectric energy generation from falling droplets has seen a hundred-fold rise in efficiency over the past few years. However, even these newest devices can only extract a small portion of the droplet energy. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the contributions of hydrodynamic and electric losses in limiting the efficiency of droplet electricity generators (DEG). We restrict our analysis to cases where the droplet contacts the electrode at maximum spread, which was observed to maximize the DEG efficiency. Herein, the electro-mechanical energy conversion occurs during the recoil that immediately follows droplet impact. We then identify three limits on existing droplet electric generators: (i) the impingement velocity is limited in order to maintain the droplet integrity; (ii) much of droplet mechanical energy is squandered in overcoming viscous shear force with the substrate; (iii) insufficient electrical charge of the substrate. Of all these effects, we found that up to 83% of the total energy available was lost by viscous dissipation during spreading. Minimizing this loss by using cascaded DEG devices to reduce the droplet kinetic energy may increase future devices efficiency beyond 10%.

scholarly journals High-Performance On-Chip Silicon Beamsplitter Based on Subwavelength Metamaterials for Enhanced Fabrication Tolerance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Raquel Fernández de Cabo ◽  
David González-Andrade ◽  
Pavel Cheben ◽  
Aitor V. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Fundamental Mode ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Power Splitters ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Efficient Power

Efficient power splitting is a fundamental functionality in silicon photonic integrated circuits, but state-of-the-art power-division architectures are hampered by limited operational bandwidth, high sensitivity to fabrication errors or large footprints. In particular, traditional Y-junction power splitters suffer from fundamental mode losses due to limited fabrication resolution near the junction tip. In order to circumvent this limitation, we propose a new type of high-performance Y-junction power splitter that incorporates subwavelength metamaterials. Full three-dimensional simulations show a fundamental mode excess loss below 0.1 dB in an ultra-broad bandwidth of 300 nm (1400–1700 nm) when optimized for a fabrication resolution of 50 nm, and under 0.3 dB in a 350 nm extended bandwidth (1350–1700 nm) for a 100 nm resolution. Moreover, analysis of fabrication tolerances shows robust operation for the fundamental mode to etching errors up to ± 20 nm. A proof-of-concept device provides an initial validation of its operation principle, showing experimental excess losses lower than 0.2 dB in a 195 nm bandwidth for the best-case resolution scenario (i.e., 50 nm).

scholarly journals Fiber-junction design for directional bending sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhundong Li ◽  
Fengming Hu ◽  
Zhiming Chen ◽  
Jingcheng Huang ◽  
Guoning Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Conductive Fiber ◽  
Flexible Printed Circuit ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
Human Motion Monitoring

AbstractFlexible sensors in wearable electronics have become increasingly multifunctional due to the development of materials synthesis and structure design. In particular, structural design can not only add capabilities to sensors fabricated from existing available and normal materials, but also offer opportunities for the fabrication of sensors with certain desired functions. Here, we designed a series of fiber-junction structure models, in which two fibers were simply hooked to each other to form a junction on a flexible printed circuit, for fabrication of directional bending sensors. The value and direction of bending angle are related to the change in electronic signal by a theoretical expression, allowing us to employ a simple and practicable method to use available conductive fiber materials to fabricate high-sensitivity, high-resolution and directional bending sensors. In addition, these models are generally applicable, which have broad combination with different conductive fiber, and corresponding bending sensors all possess capability of directional identification. Furthermore, the capability of identifying directional bending was demonstrated by human motion monitoring such as joint bending and muscle contraction.

scholarly journals A Self-Powered Nanogenerator for the Electrical Protection of Integrated Circuits from Trace Amounts of Liquid

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Hui ◽  
Ming Xiao ◽  
Daozhi Shen ◽  
Jiayun Feng ◽  
Peng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Self Powered

Abstract With the increase in the use of electronic devices in many different environments, a need has arisen for an easily implemented method for the rapid, sensitive detection of liquids in the vicinity of electronic components. In this work, a high-performance power generator that combines carbon nanoparticles and TiO2 nanowires has been fabricated by sequential electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of a single generator are found to exceed 0.7 V and 100 μA when 6 μL of water was applied. The generator is also found to have a stable and reproducible response to other liquids. An output voltage of 0.3 V was obtained after 244, 876, 931, and 184 μs, on exposure of the generator to 6 μL of water, ethanol, acetone, and methanol, respectively. The fast response time and high sensitivity to liquids show that the device has great potential for the detection of small quantities of liquid. In addition, the simple easily implemented sequential EPD method ensures the high mechanical strength of the device. This compact, reliable device provides a new method for the sensitive, rapid detection of extraneous liquids before they can impact the performance of electronic circuits, particularly those on printed circuit board.

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