scholarly journals Thermal and Structural Analysis of Epoxidized Jatropha Oil and Alkaline Treated Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2604
Author(s):  
Siti Hasnah Kamarudin ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah ◽  
Min Min Aung ◽  
Chantara Thevy Ratnam
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

New environmentally friendly plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) kenaf biocomposites were obtained through a melt blending process from a combination of epoxidized jatropha oil, a type of nonedible vegetable oil material, and renewable plasticizer. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the incorporation of epoxidized jatropha oil (EJO) as a plasticizer and alkaline treatment of kenaf fiber on the thermal properties of PLA/Kenaf/EJO biocomposites. Kenaf fiber was treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 4 h. The thermal properties of the biocomposites were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It must be highlighted that the addition of EJO resulted in a decrease of glass transition temperature which aided PLA chain mobility in the blend as predicted. TGA demonstrated that the presence of treated kenaf fiber together with EJO in the blends reduced the rate of decomposition of PLA and enhanced the thermal stability of the blend. The treatment showed a rougher surface fiber in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and had a greater mechanical locking with matrix, and this was further supported with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Overall, the increasing content of EJO as a plasticizer has improved the thermal properties of PLA/Kenaf/EJO biocomposites.

scholarly journals Antistatic and Thermal Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Wen Shyang Chow ◽  
Yuan Ting Lim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Crystallisation Temperature ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the antistatic and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene/carbon nanotubes (PLA/PP/CNT) nanocomposites. PLA/PP (blend ratio = 60:40) containing CNT (loading 1.0 to 2.5 phr) was melt-compounded followed by compression moulding. The antistatic properties of PLA/PP/CNT nanocomposites achieved at 2.5 phr CNT loading. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicated that the thermal stability of PLA/PP/ CNT nanocomposite was higher than PLA/PP blend. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results demonstrated that CNT reduced the cold crystallisation temperature of PLA, while increased the crystallisation temperature of PP, which evidenced the nucleatingability of CNT in the PLA/PP blends.

Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer/Cellulose Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Patteera Opasakornwong ◽  
Ratchadakorn Poohoi ◽  
Manop Phankokkruad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Phase Morphology ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Ethylene Copolymer ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This work studied the effects of various types of cellulose fibers on the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC) (90/10 w/w) blends. The PLA/PEC blends before and after adding cellulose fibers were prepared by melt blending method in the internal mixer and molded by compression method. The morphological analysis observed that the presence of cellulose in PLA did not change the phase morphology of PLA, and PLA/cellulose composite surfaces were observed the cellulose fibers inserted in PLA matrix and fiber pull-out. The phase morphology of PLA/PEC blends was changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture behavior and showed the phase separation between PLA and PEC phases. The presence of celluloses did not improve the compatibility between PLA and PEC phases. The tensile stress and strain curves found that the tensile stress of PLA was the highest value. The addition of all celluloses increased Young’s modulus of PLA. The PEC presence increased the tensile strain of PLA over two times when compared with neat PLA and PLA was toughened by PEC. The incorporation of cellulose fibers in PLA/PEC blends could improve Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and stress at break of the blends. The thermal stability showed that the degradation temperatures of all types of cellulose were less than the degradation temperatures of PLA. Thus, the incorporation of cellulose in PLA could not enhance the thermal stability of PLA composites and PLA/PEC composites. The degradation temperature of PEC was the highest value, but it could not improve the thermal stability of PLA. The incorporation of cellulose fibers had no effect on the melting temperature of the PLA blend and composites.

RETRACTED: Fabrication of Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanofibers by Cotton Candy Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 728 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Rutchaneekorn Wongpajan ◽  
Supaphorn Thumsorn ◽  
Hiroyuki Inoya ◽  
Masayuki Okoshi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cotton Candy ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

The poly (lactic acid) (PLA) fiber of biodegradable polymer was fabricated by cotton candy method with small nozzle. The air pressure was varied from 0.2-0.5 MPa with nozzle temperature of 210-260°C. The morphology of fiber was determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal properties were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SEM results suggested that diameters the PLA fiber at temperature 250°C and air pressure of 0.2 MPa were smaller than the fiber at low and high temperature. The sizes of the fibers were lower than 1 μm and the fibers were irregular size. Crystallinity significantly decreased when increasing barrel temperatures while it slightly changed when varied air pressure. The productivity of PLA fibers was around 30-180 g/h depended on controlled the nozzle temperature and the air pressure.

Influence of Cellulose Fiber Content on Morphology and Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer/Cellulose Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Patteera Opasakornwong ◽  
Ratchadakorn Poohoi ◽  
Manop Phankokkruad
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Ethylene Copolymer ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This work studied the effects of medium-length fibrous cellulose (MFC) on the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC) (90/10) blends. The morphological analysis of PLA/MFC composites observed MFC fibers inserted in the PLA matrix and MFC appeared agglomeration when added high MFC loading. The phase morphology showed the two-phase separation of PLA/PEC blends. The presence of PEC reduced the agglomeration of MFC fibers in polymer matrix. The tensile stress and strain curves found that the ultimate stress of PLA was the highest value and the addition of MFC increased Young’s modulus of PLA/MFC and PLA/PEC/MFC composites. The PEC presence improved the strain at breaking point of PLA/PEC blends. The thermal properties found that the incorporation of MFC did not improve the thermal stability of PLA/MFC and PLA/PEC/MFC composites due to the PLA had degradation temperature higher than MFC.

Poly(lactic acid) phase transitions in the presence of nano calcium carbonate: Opposing effect of nanofiller on static and dynamic measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Yousefzade ◽  
Javad Jeddi ◽  
Elham Vazirinasab ◽  
Hamid Garmabi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Modulated Dsc ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Dispersion State

The effect of stearic acid-coated nano calcium carbonate (NCC) on transitions and chain mobility of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated. Dispersion state of NCC in polymeric matrix was explored using scanning electron microscopy and surface tension component measurements. Trends of PLA transitional phenomena were investigated using the results of dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the nanocomposite systems based on PLA and NCC. In addition, two types of crystal structures and decreasing the glass transition temperature were distinguished using temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC). Higher melting points of polymer crystals were found in TMDSC experiments due to low and dynamic heating rate compared to the conventional DSC. Dynamics of polymer chains, affected by NCC, were quantified using cooperativity length, ξ α, and the number of relaxing structural units, Nα, in the glass transition region. NCC particles hindered the cooperative motion of polymer chains at glass transitions and crystallization in TMDSC measurements, whereas the DMA results indicated that NCC particles may act as lubricant and simplified chain mobility.

Structure and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Diacetate-Graft-Poly(lactic Acid) Copolymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jian Deng ◽  
Xu Pin Zhuang ◽  
Ke Tian Guan ◽  
Bo Wen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Diacetate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Grafted Copolymer ◽  
Acid Copolymer ◽  
Processing Properties

To improve the thermal behavior of cellulose diacetate, cellulose diacetate-graft-poly(lactic acid) copolymers (CDA-g-PLAs) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide using stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) as catalyst. The molecular structure of the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR and the thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). The results showed that the product was grafted copolymer of cellulose diacetate-graft-poly(lactic acid) with different side-chain structure. The thermal processing properties of CDA-g-PLAs are remarkably improved with melting temperature(Tm) about 140°C which lower than that of CDA and decomposition temperature (Td) higher than 260°C.

scholarly journals Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1266-1278
Author(s):  
Omaima Alhaddad ◽  
Safaa H. El-Taweel ◽  
Yasser Elbahloul
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Cold Crystallization ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractThe effects of bacterial poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO) and talc on the nonisothermal cold crystallization behaviours of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were analysed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the thermal stability of the samples was observed with thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The modified Avrami’s model was used to describe the nonisothermal cold crystallization kinetics of neat PLA and its blends. The activation energies E for nonisothermal cold crystallization were calculated by the isoconversional method of Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS). The DSC results showed that the PLA/PHO blends were immiscible in the whole studied range, and as the PHO and talc content increased, the crystallization rate of PLA accelerated, and the crystallinity of PLA in the PLA samples increased. The values of the Avrami exponent indicated that the nonisothermal cold crystallization of the neat PLA and its blends exhibited heterogeneous, three-dimensional spherulitic growth. The E values were strongly dependent on PHO and talc. The TGA results showed that the presence of PHO and talc slightly influenced the thermal stability of PLA.

Synthesis of phosphoric acid-treated sugarcane bagasse cellulose nanocrystal and its thermal properties enhancement for poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Gan ◽  
Wen Shyang Chow
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Xps Characterization

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from sugarcane bagasse fibre (SBF) was prepared by solvent casting method. The CNCs were obtained through alkaline treatment followed by sulphuric acid hydrolysis or phosphoric acid hydrolysis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing phosphoric acid (mild acid) to extract CNC from the SBF. The properties of the CNC were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the PLA/CNC nanocomposites were characterized using thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). TEM results demonstrated that the CNC having diameter of 5.5–6.2 nm and length of 235–300 nm. Results from XPS characterization have confirmed the existence of both sulphate group and phosphate group in the H2SO4-treated CNC (S-CNC) and H3PO4-treated CNC (P-CNC). FTIR results indicated that the presence of hydrogen bonding and chemical interaction between PLA and CNC. The thermal stability of PLA/P-CNC-10 is higher than that of PLA/S-CNC-10 nanocomposites attributed to the char formation of P-CNC in the PLA matrix.

Thermal properties enhancement of poly(lactic acid) by corn cob cellulose nanocrystals

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Wei Keat Ng ◽  
Wen Shyang Chow ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Cellulose nanocrystals were extracted from agricultural waste corn cob using acid hydrolysis followed by freeze drying. Poly(lactic acid)/corn cob cellulose nanocrystals (PLA/CCNC) composites were prepared using solvent casting. The properties of CCNC were characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), zeta potential analyzer, and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The effects of CCNC on the thermal properties of PLA were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA. From the SEM and TEM results, the irregular shaped and micron-sized corn cob powder was transformed to needle-like shaped nanocellulose (aspect ratio approximately 30.80) after the acid hydrolysis process. TGA results show that the thermal stability of CCNC is higher than that of corn cob powder. The zeta potential of CCNC is −24.6 mV, which indicates there is a repulsion force between the individual CCNC and making them disperse uniformly and stable in aqueous media. DSC and TGA results show that the crystallinity and thermal stability of PLA were increased by the incorporation of CCNC. This demonstrates that the CCNC is a potential bio-nanofiller with good thermal stability and nucleating-ability for PLA.

Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Graphene Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalupak Rattanakot ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an interesting material as an environmentally-friendly replacement of petroleum-based polymers. However, some properties need improvements in order to commercially utilized PLA. In this work, graphene is used as a reinforcing filler and poly(vinyl alcohol) is used as a carrier to enhance dispersion of graphene in PLA matrix. The addition of graphene aims at improving the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA. The functional groups of graphene were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical property testing was performed using a universal testing machine. The thermal properties were measured through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). As a result, the Young’s modulus and the thermal properties of PLA composites increased as the amount of graphene in the composites increased due to improved dispersion of graphene in PLA matrix.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document