scholarly journals Theoretical Modeling of Chemical Equilibrium in Weak Polyelectrolyte Layers on Curved Nanosystems

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Estefania Gonzalez Solveyra ◽  
Rikkert J. Nap ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Igal Szleifer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weak Polyelectrolytes ◽  
And Control

Surface functionalization with end-tethered weak polyelectrolytes (PE) is a versatile way to modify and control surface properties, given their ability to alter their degree of charge depending on external cues like pH and salt concentration. Weak PEs find usage in a wide range of applications, from colloidal stabilization, lubrication, adhesion, wetting to biomedical applications such as drug delivery and theranostics applications. They are also ubiquitous in many biological systems. Here, we present an overview of some of the main theoretical methods that we consider key in the field of weak PE at interfaces. Several applications involving engineered nanoparticles, synthetic and biological nanopores, as well as biological macromolecules are discussed to illustrate the salient features of systems involving weak PE near an interface or under (nano)confinement. The key feature is that by confining weak PEs near an interface the degree of charge is different from what would be expected in solution. This is the result of the strong coupling between structural organization of weak PE and its chemical state. The responsiveness of engineered and biological nanomaterials comprising weak PE combined with an adequate level of modeling can provide the keys to a rational design of smart nanosystems.

Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles

2022 ◽  
pp. 289-311
Author(s):  
Raghavv Raghavender Suresh ◽  
Shruthee Sankarlinkam ◽  
Sai Rakshana Karuppusami ◽  
Niraimathi Pandiyan ◽  
Suwetha Bharathirengan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Nanodrug Delivery ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Targeted Drug

In recent years, there has been significant growth and burgeoning interest in utilizing nanoparticles for various biomedical applications, including medical diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomedical textiles. In particular, nanoparticles functionalized with biological molecules have unique properties and are very effective in medical diagnostics. Besides that, nanoparticles have a wide range of therapeutic applications, including the development of nanodrug delivery systems, the design of novel drugs, as well as their contribution to the design of therapeutic materials. This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in the biomedical applications of nanoparticles. Finally, this chapter discusses the challenges of the toxicological evaluation of engineered nanoparticles and the importance of conducting detailed studies on the synthesis of future nanomaterials to develop cutting-edge technologies for addressing a wide range of biomedical issues.

scholarly journals APPLICATIONS OF CHITOSAN–GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES IN MEDICAL SCIENCE: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pieklarz ◽  
Michał Tylman ◽  
Zofia Modrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Accelerate Wound Healing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dressing Materials

Combinations of biopolymers with nanostructured carbon materials have been the subject of interest of many scientists in recent years. Particularly significant are nanocomposites made of chitosan, which is a linear aminopolysaccharide obtained in the process of deacetylation of chitin, and graphene oxide (GO). These systems, due to the atypical properties of both components such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility with human tissues and organs as well as bacteriostaticity, are characterised by a wide range of biomedical applications. They may be used in emergency medicine as dressing materials which accelerate wound healing, as well as carriers of drugs/genes and biological macromolecules, for example proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. In addition, CS-GO systems can potentially be used in regenerative medicine as scaffolds for cell culture. For this reason, the current publication presents the possibilities of the application of chitosan–graphene oxide nanocomposites in medicine considering the characteristics of the system components.

Optimum Design and Control of Active Constrained Layer Damping

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (B) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baz ◽  
J. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Passive Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Active Constrained Layer

Conventional Passive Constrained Layer Damping (PCLD) treatments with viscoelastic cores are provided with built-in sensing and actuation capabilities to actively control and enhance their vibration damping characteristics. The design parameters and control gains of the resulting Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatments are optimally selected, in this paper, for fully-treated beams using rational design procedures. The optimal thickness and shear modulus of the passive visco-elastic core are determined first to maximize the modal damping ratios and minimize the total weight of the damping treatment. The control gains of the ACLD are then selected using optimal control theory to minimize a weighted sum of the vibrational and control energies. The theoretical performance of beams treated with the optimally selected ACLD treatment is determined at different excitation frequencies and operating temperatures. Comparisons are made with the performance of beams treated with optimal PCLD treatments and untreated beams which are controlled only by conventional Active Controllers (AC). The results obtained emphasize the potential of the optimally designed ACLD as an effective means for providing broad-band attenuation capabilities over wide range or operating temperatures as compared to PCLD treatments.

Quantification of Protein Adsorption on Polyglycerol-based Polymer Network Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 1569 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Duygu Ekinci ◽  
Adam L. Sisson ◽  
Andreas Lendlein
Keyword(s):  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foreign Body Reactions ◽  
Cell Material Interactions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Regenerative Therapies

ABSTRACTNeutral, hydrophilic, polymer-based architectures are widely investigated for a wide range of biomedical applications from drug-conjugates to delivery systems and scaffolds for regenerative therapies. In most cases, it is crucial that biomaterials provide a blank, inert background in order to hinder unspecific cell-material interactions so that protein mediated biological events leading to foreign body reactions are prevented. Hydrophilic polyglycerol-based polymer network films are a recently developed class of amorphous macroscopic materials, which offer great versatility in design and control of resultant properties. In this study, protein adsorption on polyglycerol-based polymer network films is investigated by using Micro BCA protein assay for three types of proteins having critical roles in the human body, and various copolymer networks with differing sidechains and crosslink densities.

scholarly journals Dendritic surface functionalization of nanomaterials: controlling properties and functions for biomedical applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (spe) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nazemi ◽  
Elizabeth R. Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Polymer Vesicles ◽  
Wide Range

A wide variety of nanomaterials have demonstrated promise in medical applications such as drug delivery and imaging. In these applications, the surface chemistry of the materials is critical as it plays an important role in determining the toxicity and biodistribution behavior of the material. We review here the functionalization of nanomaterials with dendrons as an efficient method to alter the surface chemistry of the materials, introducing new properties and functions. Described here is the functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) with dendritic guanidines to enhance their transport into cells for magnetic resonance imaging applications. The introduction of dendrons bearing peripheral hydroxyls, amines, guanidines, carbohydrates and Gd(III) chelates to polymer vesicles (polymersomes) is also described. These dendritic moieties allow for modulation of toxicity, cell uptake, protein binding, and contrast agent efficiency, while at the same time allowing the stabilities of the polymersomes to be maintained. Thus, this approach holds promise for the development of a wide range of multifunctional materials for pharmaceutical applications.

Optimum Design and Control of Active Constrained Layer Damping

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (B) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baz ◽  
J. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Passive Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Active Constrained Layer

Conventional Passive Constrained Layer Damping (PCLD) treatments with viscoelastic cores are provided with built-in sensing and actuation capabilities to actively control and enhance their vibration damping characteristics. The design parameters and control gains of the resulting Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatments are optimally selected, in this paper, for fully-treated beams using rational design procedures. The optimal thickness and shear modulus of the passive visco-elastic core are determined first to maximize the modal damping ratios and minimize the total weight of the damping treatment. The control gains of the ACLD are then selected using optimal control theory to minimize a weighted sum of the vibrational and control energies. The theoretical performance of beams treated with the optimally selected ACLD treatment is determined at different excitation frequencies and operating temperatures. Comparisons are made with the performance of beams treated with optimal PCLD treatments and untreated beams which are controlled only by conventional Active Controllers (AC). The results obtained emphasize the potential of the optimally designed ACLD as an effective means for providing broad-band attenuation capabilities over wide range or operating temperatures as compared to PCLD treatments.

THE SOME QUESTIONS OF AUTONOMOUS MOTION AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND-MOBILE ROBOTIC COMPLEXES FOR UKRAINIAN GROUND FORCESE

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
О. Кravchuk ◽  
V. Symonenkov ◽  
I. Symonenkova ◽  
O. Hryhorev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

Today, more than forty countries of the world are engaged in the development of military-purpose robots. A number of unique mobile robots with a wide range of capabilities are already being used by combat and intelligence units of the Armed forces of the developed world countries to conduct battlefield intelligence and support tactical groups. At present, the issue of using the latest information technology in the field of military robotics is thoroughly investigated, and the creation of highly effective information management systems in the land-mobile robotic complexes has acquired a new phase associated with the use of distributed information and sensory systems and consists in the transition from application of separate sensors and devices to the construction of modular information subsystems, which provide the availability of various data sources and complex methods of information processing. The purpose of the article is to investigate the ways to increase the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes using in a non-deterministic conditions of modern combat. Relevance of researches is connected with the necessity of creation of highly effective information and control systems in the perspective robotic means for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine. The development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine management system based on the criteria adopted by the EU and NATO member states is one of the main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the use of forces (forces), which involves achieving the principles and standards necessary for Ukraine to become a member of the EU and NATO. The inherent features of achieving these criteria will be the transition to a reduction of tasks of the combined-arms units and the large-scale use of high-precision weapons and land remote-controlled robotic devices. According to the views of the leading specialists in the field of robotics, the automation of information subsystems and components of the land-mobile robotic complexes can increase safety, reliability, error-tolerance and the effectiveness of the use of robotic means by standardizing the necessary actions with minimal human intervention, that is, a significant increase in the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Information and information resources in COVID-19: Awareness, control, and prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110165
Author(s):  
Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda ◽  
Fatemeh Ranjbaran ◽  
Asghar Sattari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of information and information resources in the awareness, control, and prevention of COVID-19. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey in which 450 participants were selected for the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings show that a wide range of mass media has become well known as information resources for COVID-19. Other findings indicate a significant statistical difference in the rate of using information resources during COVID-19 based on age and gender; however, this difference is not significant regarding the reliability of information resources with regard to age and gender. Health information has an undisputable role in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Providing accurate, reliable, and evidence-based information in a timely manner for the use of resources and information channels related to COVID-19 can be a fast and low-cost strategic approach in confronting this disease.

scholarly journals Recent trends in smartphone-based detection for biomedical applications: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 413 (9) ◽  
pp. 2389-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyabrata Banik ◽  
Sindhoora Kaniyala Melanthota ◽  
Arbaaz ◽  
Joel Markus Vaz ◽  
Vishak Madhwaraj Kadambalithaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Food Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Increasing Demand

AbstractSmartphone-based imaging devices (SIDs) have shown to be versatile and have a wide range of biomedical applications. With the increasing demand for high-quality medical services, technological interventions such as portable devices that can be used in remote and resource-less conditions and have an impact on quantity and quality of care. Additionally, smartphone-based devices have shown their application in the field of teleimaging, food technology, education, etc. Depending on the application and imaging capability required, the optical arrangement of the SID varies which enables them to be used in multiple setups like bright-field, fluorescence, dark-field, and multiple arrays with certain changes in their optics and illumination. This comprehensive review discusses the numerous applications and development of SIDs towards histopathological examination, detection of bacteria and viruses, food technology, and routine diagnosis. Smartphone-based devices are complemented with deep learning methods to further increase the efficiency of the devices.

scholarly journals Gold–Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Contaminant Sensing

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Shahrooz Rahmati ◽  
William Doherty ◽  
Arman Amani Babadi ◽  
Muhamad Syamim Akmal Che Mansor ◽  
Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
World Population ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Carbon Nanocomposites ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Analytical Tools

The environmental crisis, due to the rapid growth of the world population and globalisation, is a serious concern of this century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology play an important role in addressing a wide range of environmental issues with innovative and successful solutions. Identification and control of emerging chemical contaminants have received substantial interest in recent years. As a result, there is a need for reliable and rapid analytical tools capable of performing sample analysis with high sensitivity, broad selectivity, desired stability, and minimal sample handling for the detection, degradation, and removal of hazardous contaminants. In this review, various gold–carbon nanocomposites-based sensors/biosensors that have been developed thus far are explored. The electrochemical platforms, synthesis, diverse applications, and effective monitoring of environmental pollutants are investigated comparatively.

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