scholarly journals Characterization of Hybrid Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch/Woven Kenaf Fabric-Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2052
Author(s):  
Farah Hanan ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Md Tahir Paridah ◽  
Jesuarockiam Naveen
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

In this research, the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) mat/woven kenaf fabric-reinforced epoxy composites have been investigated. The oil palm EFB/woven kenaf fabrics were varied, with weight ratios of 50/0 (T1), 35/15 (T2), 25/25 (T3), 15/35 (T4) and 0/50 (T5). The composites were fabricated using a simple hand lay-up technique followed by hot pressing. The result obtained shows that an increase in kenaf fiber content exhibited higher tensile and flexural properties. On the other hand, the opposite trend was observed in the impact strength of hybrid composites, where an increase in kenaf fiber content reduced the impact strength. This can be corroborated with the physical properties analysis, where a higher void content, water absorption and thickness swelling were observed for pure oil palm EFB (T1) composites compared to other samples. The scanning electron microscopy analysis results clearly show the different failure modes of the tensile fractured samples. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and shows significant differences between the obtained results.

scholarly journals Influence of layering pattern of modified kenaf fiber on thermomechanical properties of epoxy composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
AR Mohammed ◽  
MS Nurul Atiqah ◽  
Deepu A Gopakumar ◽  
MR Fazita ◽  
Samsul Rizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

Natural fiber-reinforced composites gained considerable interest in the scientific community due to their eco-friendly nature, cost-effective, and excellent mechanical properties. Here, we reported a chemical modification of kenaf fiber using propionic anhydride to enhance the compatibility with the epoxy matrix. The incorporation of the modified woven and nonwoven kenaf fibers into the epoxy matrix resulted in the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. The thermal stability of the epoxy composites was enhanced from 403°C to 677°C by incorporating modified woven kenaf fibers into the epoxy matrix. The modified and unmodified woven kenaf fiber-reinforced epoxy composites had a tensile strength of 64.11 and 58.82 MPa, respectively. The modified woven composites had highest flexural strength, which was 89.4 MPa, whereas, for unmodified composites, it was 86.8 MPa. The modified woven fiber-reinforced epoxy composites showed the highest value of flexural modulus, which was 6.0 GPa compared to unmodified woven composites (5.51 GPa). The impact strength of the epoxy composites was enhanced to 9.43 kJ m−2 by the incarnation of modified woven kenaf fibers into epoxy matrix. This study will be an effective platform to design the chemical modification strategy on natural fibers for enhancing the compatibility toward the hydrophobic polymer matrices.

scholarly journals Oblique Perforated Impact Strength of Woven Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Al Emran Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Standard Geometry ◽  
Squeeze Out ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

This present work investigated the perforated impact strength of woven kenaf fiber reinforced composites subjected to different projectile velocities. Three layers of woven kenaf mats were stacked with four different fiber orientations 0, 15, 30 and 450. The composites are fabricated using hand-layout where the woven mats were placed into the mould with a polymeric resin. The wetted composites were compressed to squeeze out the excessive resin and to eliminate the void contents. The hardened samples were shaped into a standard geometry specified by ASTM D3763. Then, the composites were perforated impact using different speeds 1, 2 and 3 m/s. According to the present results, it was found that the perforated impact strength reduced when the impact velocity was increased. However, the impact strength of 150 oriented composite was higher when compared with other types of composites.

Effects of Weave Type and Fiber Content on Physical Properties of Sisal Fiber/Epoxy Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1139-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawitri Srisuwan ◽  
Pranee Chumsamrong
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Sisal Fibers ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the effects of weave type and fiber content on the physical properties of woven sisal fiber/epoxy composites were investigated. Sisal fibers used in this work were obtained from Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Both untreated and alkali-treated fibers were employed. The woven sisal fibers were manufactured by hand weaving process. The fiber content in sisal fiber/epoxy composites were 3 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%. The composites were cured at room temperatures. In order to determine mechanical properties of the composites, flexural and impact tests were applied. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of all composites were higher than those of pure epoxy resin and tended to increase with increasing fiber content. The impact strength of all composites was lower than that of pure epoxy resin. The composites containing 10 wt.% sisal fibers showed the highest impact strength. There was no definite influence of weave type on flexural properties of the composites. At 3 and 5 wt.% fiber, the composites containing plain weave fibers seemed to show a higher impact strength than the composites containing other weave types.

The Effect of Fiber Content on the Crashworthiness Parameters of Natural Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Hexagonal Composite Tubes

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501601100
Author(s):  
M. F. M. Alkbir ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
A. A. Nuraini ◽  
M. R. Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Transverse Crack ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Buckling Failure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Woven Kenaf

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of fiber content on the crashworthiness parameters (i.e., energy absorption and stroke efficiency) and the failure modes of a non-woven kenaf (mat) fiber-reinforced hexagonal composite tube. The composite was prepared and fabricated using the hand-lay-up method; fabrication was followed by axial compression testing using an Instron 3382 machine. Various fiber contents were considered, including 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%. A fiber content of 25% to 30% (mass percent) resulted in the best crashworthiness parameters. Furthermore, the amount of energy absorbed decreased as the fiber content increased, as did the mean crash load and the stroke efficiency. A few distinct failure modes were identified during the experiments, including the progressive failure mode, in which failure begins at the top end of the tube, and the transverse crack failure mode, which is associated with the buckling failure mode; after the crash occurs, the top or bottom end of the hexagonal tube begins to break and is fragmented into small pieces.

scholarly journals Perforated Impact Strength of Woven Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Al Emran Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Aiman Hasan ◽  
K.A. Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Standard Geometry ◽  
Squeeze Out ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

This present work investigated the perforated impact strength of woven kenaf fiber reinforced composites subjected to different projectile velocities. Three layers of woven kenaf mats were stacked with four different fiber orientations 0, 15, 30 and 450. The composites are fabricated using hand-layout where the woven mats were placed into the mould with a polymeric resin. The wetted composites were compressed to squeeze out the excessive resin and to eliminate the void contents. The hardened samples were shaped into a standard geometry specified by ASTM D3763. Then, the composites were perforated impact using different speeds 1, 2 and 3 m/s. According to the present results, it was found that the perforated impact strength reduced when the impact velocity was increased. However, the impact strength of 150 oriented composite was higher when compared with other types of composites.

Low Velocity Impact on Woven Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al Emran Ismail ◽  
M.A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

This paper presents the experimental investigations on the low velocity impact response of woven kenaf fiber reinforced composites. Kenaf yarns are weaved with an orientation of 00 of warp and 900 of weft to form woven kenaf mat. Three woven kenaf mats are stacked together to achieve the specified sequences. The woven stacked kenaf mats are hardened with polymeric resin and compressed to squeeze off any excessive resin and to minimize voids content. The hardened composite plates are perforated using different impact velocities. Impact responses of the composite plates are examined according to stacking sequences, impact velocities and fragmentation patterns. According to the present results, the impact strength is strongly related with the impact velocity. If higher impact velocity is used, the performances of load bearing are reduced. It is obvious that no significant features of composite fragmentations occurred from the perforated holes. However, relatively larger area of mechanical damages is found distributed around the holes, indicating the capability of composites to absorb energy effectively.

Degradation Behaviour of Nanosilica Enhanced Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Epoxy Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Anslem Wong Tsu An ◽  
Sujan Debnath ◽  
Vincent Lee Chieng Chen ◽  
Moola Mohan Reddy ◽  
Alokesh Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Brine Solution

In recent years, studies regarding natural fiber reinforced composites have been increased as they are biodegradable with good mechanical performance therefore can help to overcome the environmental issue. As the natural fibers are easy to obtain, many industries have started to make use of natural fiber composites which are light in weight and possess good mechanical properties. However, the natural fiber composites also possess certain limitations most importantly their high moisture absorption ability which makes them incompatible at degradable environment. The fiber constituents of natural fiber composite may have different type of interactions at different environmental conditions. In addition, the involvement of nanoparticles in the composite may be the solution to overcome the deficiencies. In this research, the degradation behaviour of Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers reinforced epoxy composites upon exposure to degradable environmental conditions and the effect of adding nanoparticles have been studied. The tensile tests were conducted before and after the exposure to different environmental conditions including plain water, moist soil, brine solution, and cooking oil. Results shows that the addition of 10wt% of OPEFB fiber to the epoxy composites had improved the mechanical tensile strength up to 15.97% and composites exposed to brine solution have the most prominent sign of degradation in mechanical properties in both composites with and without nanosilica. Nevertheless, the composites with nanosilica have shown up to 24.28% improvement in tensile strength after exposure to different environmental conditions. The improvement were attributed due to filling the voids of the composites with nanosilica and good interfacial adhesion between the nanofiller, fiber, and matrix.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance of Unstitched and Silk Fiber-Stitched Woven Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4801
Author(s):  
Yasir Khaleel Kirmasha ◽  
Mohaiman J. Sharba ◽  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Silk Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

Fiber composites are known to have poor through-thickness mechanical properties due to the absence of a Z-direction binder. This issue is more critical with the use of natural fibers due to their low strength compared to synthetic fibers. Stitching is a through-thickness toughening method that is used to introduce fibers in the Z-direction, which will result in better through-thickness mechanical properties. This research was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of unstitched and silk fiber-stitched woven kenaf-reinforced epoxy composites. The woven kenaf mat was stitched with silk fiber using a commercial sewing machine. The specimens were fabricated using a hand lay-up method. Three specimens were fabricated, one unstitched and two silk-stitched with deferent stitching orientations. The results show that the stitched specimens have comparable in-plane mechanical properties to the unstitched specimens. For the tensile mechanical test, stitched specimens show similar and 17.1% higher tensile strength compared to the unstitched specimens. The flexural mechanical test results show around a 9% decrease in the flexural strength for the stitched specimens. On the other hand, the Izod impact mechanical test results show a significant improvement of 33% for the stitched specimens, which means that stitching has successfully improved the out-of-plane mechanical properties. The outcome of this research indicates that the stitched specimens have better mechanical performance compared to the unstitched specimens and that the decrease in the flexural strength is insignificant in contrast with the remarkable enhancement in the impact strength.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE FREE ENERGY OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES FIBRE REINFORCED BIOCOMPOSITES AS GLASS FIBRE SUBSTITUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Sukmawati Suryadi ◽  
Siti Nikmatin ◽  
Sudaryanto Sudaryanto ◽  
Irmansyah Irmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Short Fibre ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
The Impact

Study of the size effect of natural fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as filler, onto the mechanical and physical properties of fibre reinforced biocomposites based on recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) has been done. The OPEFB fibres were prepared by mechanical milling and sieving to obtain medium-fibre (20 mesh) and short-fibre (100 mesh). The biocomposites have been produced by extrusion using single-screw extruder method. Mechanical properties and S of biocomposites were evaluated and compared with glass fibre (GF) filled composite which is commonly used in plastics industrial applications. The result showed that the impact strength increased with the decreasing of OPEFB fibre size, while the Young’s modulus decreased. Other mechanical properties of biocomposites with short-fibre (RABS/SF) and medium-fibre (RABS/MF) filler were not significantly different at 95% confidence interval. Impact strength of short-fibre filled biocomposite was higher than glass fibre filled composites. The surface free energy of biocomposites lower than glass fibre filled composites, but its dispersive components are higher, indicating more hydrophobic feature of the surface. The fabricated micro-fibre of OPEFB can be used as viable alternative to substitute glass fibre as filler materials of composites.

Preparing of SMC Artificial Marble and its Mechanical Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Zheng Qun Huang ◽  
Yan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Molding Temperature ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact

In this article, a kind of SMC artificial marble was prepared. In order to enhance the mechanical properties and prolong the using life of SMC artificial marble, some effects such as fiber content, filler content and molding temperature etc. on the mechanical properties were carefully studied, too. Results showed that the increase of fiber content could improve the impact strength of SMC artificial marble when the fiber length was 10mm and the increase of filler content would decrease the flexural strength of SMC artificial marble. And the molding temperature at the range of 130°C ~ 160°C had little influence on the mechanical properties of SMC artificial marble. Comparing with natural marble and casting marble, SMC artificial marble owed superior overall performance and it was much more suitable for industry production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document