scholarly journals Study of the Compatibilization Effect of Different Reactive Agents in PHB/Natural Fiber-Based Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Estefanía Lidón Sánchez-Safont ◽  
Abdulaziz Aldureid ◽  
José María Lagarón ◽  
Luis Cabedo ◽  
José Gámez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Physical Aging ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Compatibilization Effect ◽  
Reactive Agents ◽  
Triglycidyl Isocyanurate

Fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion is one of the key factors governing the final properties of natural fiber-based polymer composites. In this work, four extrusion reactive agents were tested as potential compatibilizers in polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB)/cellulose composites: dicumyl peroxide (DCP), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE), and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). The influence of the fibers and the different reactive agents on the mechanical properties, physical aging, and crystallization behavior were assessed. To evaluate the compatibilization effectiveness of each reactive agent, highly purified commercial cellulose fibers (TC90) were used as reference filler. Then, the influence of fiber purity on the compatibilization effect of the reactive agent HMDI was evaluated using untreated (U_RH) and chemically purified (T_RH) rice husk fibers, comparing the results with the ones using TC90 fibers. The results show that reactive agents interact with the polymer matrix at different levels, but all compositions showed a drastic embrittlement due to the aging of PHB. No clear compatibilization effect was found using DCP, RDGE, or TGIC reactive agents. On the other hand, the fiber–polymer interfacial adhesion was enhanced with HMDI. The purity of the fiber played an important role in the effectiveness of HMDI as a compatibilizer, since composites with highly purified fibers showed the greatest improvements in tensile strength and the most favorable morphology. None of the reactive agents negatively affected the compostability of PHB. Finally, thermoformed trays with good mold reproducibility were successfully obtained for PHB/T_RH/HMDI composition.

Interplay between chemical and physical aging in diethanolamine cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy

Polymer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 121937
Author(s):  
Gabriel K. Arechederra ◽  
John D. McCoy ◽  
Jamie M. Kropka
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Physical Aging ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether

Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Starch-Bio-Based Epoxy Resin and their Impact on Mechanical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1759-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Aziz ◽  
Hong Fan ◽  
Farman Ullah Khan ◽  
Roh Ullah ◽  
Fazal Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Toxic Side Effect ◽  
Dimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Chain Lengths

AbstractIn the current research, we observed numerous suggestions are promoting the use of bio-based epoxy resins, replacing the petroleum-based products like Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A type epoxy resin DGEBA. With the passage of time, the impending challenges include preparation of environmentally-friendly epoxy with minimum toxic side effect and improved properties. Therefore, we describe a very useful method for preparing new silicone-bridged dimethyl siloxane monomers in high quantity, derived from naturally occurring eugenol. By putting the methyl siloxane, computed with different chain lengths into their molecular backbone. Such epoxy monomers have different molecular structure with high purity. This dimethyl siloxane epoxy, with lower viscosity than commercial DGEBA epoxy, has superior thermal properties, which were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry DSC. Modification of CMS increases the hydrophilicity. Bio-based epoxy (self-prepared) resin improved adhesive properties, with the help of modified CMS. This study presents a very easy and effective chemical modification to enhance interfacial adhesion composites with superior properties.

Reactive Compatibilization in Nano-Silica Filled Polypropylene Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 1433-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Friedrich ◽  
Min Zhi Rong ◽  
Ming Qiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Amine Functionalized ◽  
Compatibilization Effect ◽  
Notch Impact Strength

Nano-sized silica was pre-grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by solution free-radical polymerization. When these grafted silica particles were melt compounded with polypropylene (PP), reactive compatibilization effect was perceived due to the chemical bonding between the PGMA and amine functionalized PP, which led to a significant increase of tensile strength and notch impact strength of PP at rather low filler content. Accordingly, compatibility of each kind of the functionalized PP with grafted SiO2 was evaluated through investigating the mechanical properties, crystallization behavior and rheological performance of the composites. The results show that the reactive compatibilization is capable of providing stronger interfacial adhesion.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Tensile Properties of Surface Treated Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Biocomposite by (3-Aminopropyl)Trimethoxysilane

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 665-672
Author(s):  
Yoon Yee Then ◽  
Ibrahim Nor Azowa ◽  
Norhazlin Zainuddin ◽  
Buong Woei Chieng ◽  
Chern Chiet Eng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Tensile Fracture Surface

The issue related to relatively poor interfacial adhesion between hydrophilic natural fiber and hydrophobic thermoplastic remain as an obstacle in natural fiber/thermoplastic biocomposites. Consequently, surface treatment of fiber is of important to impart adhesion. The present work used consecutive superheated steam-alkali treatment to treat the oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) prior to biocomposite fabrication. The biocomposites made up of 70 wt% treated OPMF and 30 wt% poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared by melt blending technique in a Brabender internal mixer followed by hot-press moulding into 1 mm sheets. A silane coupling agent of (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) was also added to the biocomposite during the process of compounding to promote interfacial adhesion and enhance the properties of biocomposites. The results showed that the biocomposite containing 2 wt% APTMS showed maximum enhancement in tensile strength (89%), tensile modulus (812%) and elongation at break (52%) in comparison to that of untreated OPMF/PBS biocomposite. The SEM observation of the tensile fracture surface revealed that APTMS improved the interfacial adhesion between treated OPMF and PBS. It can be deduced that the presence of APTMS can improve the adhesion between hydrophilic fiber and hydrophobic thermoplastic, and thus increased the tensile properties of the biocomposite.

Preparation of Nano-Silica/Polypropylene Composites Using Reactive Compatibilization

2006 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Friedrich ◽  
Min Zhi Rong ◽  
Ming Qiu Zhang ◽  
Wen Hong Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Amine Functionalized ◽  
Compatibilization Effect ◽  
Notch Impact Strength

Nano-sized silica particles were pre-grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by solution free-radical polymerization. When these grafted silica nanoparticles were melt compounded with polypropylene (PP), reactive compatibilization effect was perceived due to the chemical bonding between the grafted PGMA and amine functionalized PP, which led to a significant increase of tensile strength and notch impact strength of PP at rather low filler content. Accordingly, compatibility of each kind of the functionalized PP with grafted SiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated through investigating the mechanical properties, crystallization behavior and rheological performance of the composites. The results show that the reactive compatibilization is capable of providing stronger interfacial adhesion.

scholarly journals The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2276
Author(s):  
Rozyanty Rahman ◽  
Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra ◽  
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim ◽  
Irwana Nainggolan ◽  
Bartłomiej Jeż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Kenaf Bast

The demand for natural fiber hybrid composites for various applications has increased, which is leading to more research being conducted on natural fiber hybrid composites due to their promising mechanical properties. However, the incompatibility of natural fiber with polymer matrix limits the performance of the natural fiber hybrid composite. In this research work, the mechanical properties and fiber-to-matrix interfacial adhesion were investigated. The efficiency of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-esterification treatments on composites’ final product performance was determined. The composite was prepared using the hand lay-up method with varying kenaf bast fiber (KBF) contents of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 (weight%) and hybridized with glass fiber (GF) at 5 and 10 (weight%). Unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) were used as binders and catalysts, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the effects of MMA-esterification treatment on tensile strength and morphology (tensile fracture and characterization of MMA-esterification treatment) of the composite fabricated. The tensile strength of MMA-treated reinforced UPE and hybrid composites are higher than that of untreated composites. As for MMA treatment, 90 min of treatment showed the highest weight percent gain (WPG) and tensile strength of KBF-reinforced UPE composites. It can be concluded that the esterification of MMA on the KBF can lead to better mechanical properties and adhesion between the KFB and the UPE matrix. This research provides a clear reference for developing hybrid natural fibers, thus contributing to the current field of knowledge related to GF composites, specifically in transportation diligences due to their properties of being lightweight, superior, and involving low production cost.

Fabrication of All-Cellulose Composite from Cotton Fabric via NaOH/Urea Solvent Using Vacuum Bagging-Assisted Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Pawarit Chumpon ◽  
Phattharasaya Rattanawongkun ◽  
Nattaya Tawichai ◽  
Uraiwan Intatha ◽  
Nattakan Soykeabkaew
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cellulose Composite

All-cellulose composites (ACCs) become growingly attractive materials in wide range applications due to its green profile, biocompatibility, and enable recycling. In this work, the ACCs was fabricated from cotton fabric (CF) by partial dissolution via aqueous NaOH/urea solution. The alternative ACC fabrication technique using vacuum bagging in the dissolution step was introduced in this study. SEM images confirmed that a vacuum aid during CF-ACC fabrication effectively improved the consolidation of resulting composites, showing better bonding and structure integrity. The CF-ACC prepared with vacuum bagging-assisted process showed almost two-fold enhancement in tensile strength as compared to another one prepared without vacuum bagging. The effect of dissolution time (15-45 min) on structure and properties of CF-ACCs was also investigated. The CF-ACC prepared with vacuum bagging at dissolution time of 15 min showed the highest tensile strength of 35.25 ± 1.39 MPa and elongation of 21.17 ± 1.46 %. The longer dissolution time, the larger portion of the crystalline fibers dissolved and converted into the amorphous matrix phase of CF-ACCs (confirmed by XRD). With longer dissolution times, the tensile strength of the prepared composites was decreased. However, it was found that with increasing dissolution time and using vacuum bagging in the fabrication of CF-ACCs could enhance their Young’s modulus values, indicating a greater interfacial adhesion gained in these composite structures.

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber Content and Silane Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Fiber Composites

Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1258-1270
Author(s):  
Vardaan Chauhan ◽  
Timo Kärki ◽  
Juha Varis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fiber content and then silane treatment on the mechanical performance of the natural fiber composites of recycled acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) provided by the automotive sector. Wood and palmyra fibers were used as fillers in 10% and 20% fiber content composites. The fibers were treated with N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibers and polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined by tensile and impact tests. Morphological analysis was later performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to the experiment results, the tensile and impact strength of both wood and palmyra fibers increase after silane treatment. However, for the low-wood-fiber-content composite, the tensile and impact strength decrease after silane treatment due to the presence of an excess amount of silane relative to fiber content. The addition of wood and palmyra fibers significantly improved the tensile modulus of composite material and further increases slightly after silane treatment. Finally, SEM analysis shows a homogenous mix of fibers and polymer matrices with fewer voids after silane treatment, thereby improving interfacial adhesion.

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